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1 authority
[ɔː'θɔrɪtɪ]n( power) władza f; ( expert) autorytet m; ( government body) administracja f; ( official permission) pozwolenie nt* * *[o:'Ɵorəti]plural - authorities; noun1) (the power or right to do something: He gave me authority to act on his behalf.) pełnomocnictwo, upoważnienie2) (a person who is an expert, or a book that can be referred to, on a particular subject: He is an authority on Roman history.) autorytet3) ((usually in plural) the person or people who have power in an administration etc: The authorities would not allow public meetings.) władze4) (a natural quality in a person which makes him able to control and influence people: a man of authority.) autorytet•- authoritative -
2 influence
['ɪnfluəns] 1. nwpływ m2. vtwpływać (wpłynąć perf) na +acc* * *['influəns] 1. noun1) (the power to affect people, actions or events: He used his influence to get her the job; He should not have driven the car while under the influence of alcohol.) wpływ2) (a person or thing that has this power: She is a bad influence on him.) osoba/rzecz mająca wpływ2. verb(to have an effect on: The weather seems to influence her moods.) wpływać na- influentially -
3 rise
[raɪz] 1. n( incline) wzniesienie nt; ( BRIT) ( salary increase) podwyżka f; (in prices, temperature) wzrost m; ( fig)2. vi; pt rose, pp risenrise to power — dojście nt do władzy
prices, numbers rosnąć, wzrastać (wzrosnąć perf); waters, voice, level podnosić się (podnieść się perf); sun, moon wschodzić (wzejść perf); wind przybierać (przybrać perf) na sile; sound wznosić się (wznieść się perf); (from bed, knees) wstawać (wstać perf); (also: rise up) tower, building wznosić się; ( rebel) powstawać (powstać perf)to rise to power — dochodzić (dojść perf) do władzy
to give rise to — discussion, misunderstandings wywoływać (wywołać perf); ( life) dawać (dać perf) początek +dat
to rise to the occasion — stawać (stanąć perf) na wysokości zadania
* * *1. past tense - rose; verb1) (to become greater, larger, higher etc; to increase: Food prices are still rising; His temperature rose; If the river rises much more, there will be a flood; Her voice rose to a scream; Bread rises when it is baked; His spirits rose at the good news.) rosnąć, podnosić się2) (to move upwards: Smoke was rising from the chimney; The birds rose into the air; The curtain rose to reveal an empty stage.) wznosić się3) (to get up from bed: He rises every morning at six o'clock.) wstawać4) (to stand up: The children all rose when the headmaster came in.) powstać5) ((of the sun etc) to appear above the horizon: The sun rises in the east and sets in the west.) wschodzić6) (to slope upwards: Hills rose in the distance; The ground rises at this point.) wznosić się7) (to rebel: The people rose (up) in revolt against the dictator.) powstać8) (to move to a higher rank, a more important position etc: He rose to the rank of colonel.) awansować9) ((of a river) to begin or appear: The Rhône rises in the Alps.) wypływać10) ((of wind) to begin; to become stronger: Don't go out in the boat - the wind has risen.) podnieść się11) (to be built: Office blocks are rising all over the town.) wyrastać12) (to come back to life: Jesus has risen.) zmartwychwstać2. noun1) ((the) act of rising: He had a rapid rise to fame; a rise in prices.) wyniesienie, zwyżka2) (an increase in salary or wages: She asked her boss for a rise.) podwyżka3) (a slope or hill: The house is just beyond the next rise.) wzniesienie4) (the beginning and early development of something: the rise of the Roman Empire.) początki, rozkwit•- rising3. adjectivethe rising sun; rising prices; the rising generation; a rising young politician.) wschodzący, rosnący, dorastający- early- late riser
- give rise to
- rise to the occasion -
4 backup
['bækʌp] 1. adjstaff, services pomocniczy; ( COMPUT) zapasowy2. n(people, machines) zaplecze nt; (also: backup file) zbiór m zapasowy or rezerwowy, kopia f zapasowa zbioru* * *1) (additional people who provide help when it is needed: The police officer requested some backup when the shooting began.) posiłki2) (a copy of a computer file that can be used in case the original is destroyed.) kopia bezpieczeństwa3) (( also adjective) a piece of equipment, a system etc that can be used when there is a problem with the original one: a backup plan; We have a backup generator in case the power fails.) zapasowy -
5 inert
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6 censor
['sɛnsə(r)] 1. ncenzor(ka) m(f)2. vt* * *['sensə] 1. noun1) (an official who examines films etc and has the power to remove any of the contents which might offend people: Part of his film has been banned by the censor.) cenzor2) (an official (eg in the army) who examines letters etc and removes information which the authorities do not wish to be made public for political reasons etc.) cenzor2. verbThis film has been censored; The soldiers' letters are censored.) cenzurować- censorship -
7 eloquence
['ɛləkwəns]n(of speech, description) sugestywność f; ( of person) krasomówstwo nt, elokwencja f* * *['eləkwəns](the power of expressing feelings or thoughts in words that impress or move other people: a speaker of great eloquence.) elokwencja, krasomówstwo- eloquent- eloquently -
8 execute
['ɛksɪkjuːt]vtperson wykonywać (wykonać perf) egzekucję na +loc, stracić ( perf) ( literary); order, movement, manouvre wykonywać (wykonać perf); plan przeprowadzać (przeprowadzić perf), wprowadzać (wprowadzić perf) w życie* * *['eksikju:t] 1. verb1) (to put to death by order of the law: After the war many traitors were executed.) stracić2) (to carry out (instructions etc).) wypełniać3) (to perform (a movement etc usually requiring skill).) wykonywać•- executioner
- executive 2. noun1) (the branch of the government that puts the laws into effect.) władza wykonawcza, organ2) (a person or body of people in an organization etc that has power to direct or manage: He is an executive in an insurance company.) pracownik na samodzielnym stanowisku•- executor -
9 nature
['neɪtʃə(r)](also: Nature) nnatura f, przyroda f; (kind, sort) natura f; ( character) ( of thing) istota f, właściwość f; ( of person) usposobienie nt, natura f* * *['nei ə]1) (the physical world, eg trees, plants, animals, mountains, rivers etc, or the power which made them: the beauty of nature; the forces of nature; the study of nature.) przyroda, natura2) (the qualities born in a person; personality: She has a generous nature.) natura3) (quality; what something is or consists of: What is the nature of your work?) istota4) (a kind, type etc: bankers and other people of that nature.) typ•- - natured- in the nature of -
10 surge
[səːdʒ] 1. n( increase) skok m, nagły wzrost m; (fig: of emotion) przypływ m; ( ELEC) skok m napięcia2. viwater przelewać się; people rzucać się (rzucić się perf); emotion wzbierać (wezbrać perf); ( ELEC) power skakać (skoczyć perf)to surge forward — ruszać (ruszyć perf) naprzód
* * *[sə:‹] 1. verb((of eg water or waves) to move forward with great force: The waves surged over the rocks.) napływać gwałtownie, uderzać2. noun(a surging movement, or a sudden rush: The stone hit his head and he felt a surge of pain; a sudden surge of anger.) fala, przypływ -
11 sway
[sweɪ] 1. vichwiać się (zachwiać się perf), kołysać się (zakołysać się perf)2. vtsterować +instr3. n* * *[swei] 1. verb1) (to (cause to) move from side to side or up and down with a swinging or rocking action: The branches swayed gently in the breeze.) kołysać się2) (to influence the opinion etc of: She's too easily swayed by her feelings.) wpływać na, powodować2. noun1) (the motion of swaying: the sway of the ship's deck.) kołysanie się, chwianie2) (power, rule or control: people under the sway of the dictator.) władza, wpływy -
12 the Establishment
(the people and institutions that control power or are dominant in a society and stick to traditions; one of these institutions: The hippies rebelled against the Establishment; the political/literary establishment.) ustrój społeczno-polityczny, establishment
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