pejus+leto

flāgĭtĭum, ii, n. [flagito; cf. Doed. Syn. 2, p. 143; Corss. Ausspr. 1, 398 sq.; orig., burning desire, heat of passion].

Lit., an eager or furious demand, importunity, urgency (post-Aug. and rare; cf.

flagitatio): Lentulus credebatur illa militiae flagitia primus aspernari,

Tac. A. 1, 27:

pro Plancina cum pudore et flagitio disseruit, matris preces obtendens,

id. ib. 3, 17.—

Transf.

Esp., a shameful or disgraceful act done in the heat of passion; a burning shame, disgraceful thing (class.;

syn.: scelus, nefas, facinus, maleficium, peccatum, delictum, crimen): quae (convivia) domesticis stupris flagitiisque flagrabunt,

Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 32, § 71; so,

flagrantissima (with adulteria),

Tac. A. 14, 51; cf.:

stupra et adulteria et omne tale flagitium,

Cic. de Sen. 12, 40; id. Verr. 2, 5, 10, § 26:

domesticis vitiis atque flagitiis se inquinare,

id. Tusc. 1, 30, 72; cf.:

homo sceleribus flagitiisque contaminatissimus,

id. Prov. Cons. 6, 14; and id. Rosc. Am. 9, 25:

tantum sceleris et tantum flagitii admittere,

id. Att. 10, 3:

quae libido ab oculis, quod facinus a manibus umquam tuis, quod flagitium a toto corpore abfuit? etc.,

id. Cat. 1, 6, 13; cf.:

Q. Curius, flagitiis atque facinoribus coopertus,

Sall. C. 23, 1;

so with facinora,

id. ib. 14, 2 Kritz. N. cr.:

nihil facinoris, nihil flagitii praetermittere,

Liv. 39, 13, 10; 39, 16, 1:

tanta flagitia facere et dicere,

Cic. Tusc. 4, 34, 73:

in hoc flagitio versari ipsum videmus Jovem (corresp. to stuprum),

id. ib. 4, 33, 70:

in tot flagitia se ingurgitare,

id. Pis. 18, 42.—

In gen., any shameful or disgraceful act or thing (without the accessory idea of passion):

petere honorem pro flagitio more fit,

Plaut. Trin. 4, 3, 28:

flagitium fiet, nisi dos dabitur virgini,

id. ib. 3, 1, 11:

cum loquimur terni, nihil flagitii dicimus: at cum bini, obscoenum est,

Cic. Fam. 9, 22, 3:

flagitium rei militaris admittere,

id. Clu. 46, 128: flagiti principium est, nudare inter cives corpora, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 33, 70 (Trag. v. 426 ed. Vahl.):

nonne id flagitium est, te aliis consilium dare, foris sapere, tibi non posse auxiliarier?

is it not a shame? Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 49:

praeesse agro colendo flagitium putes,

Cic. Rosc. Am. 18, 50:

quantum flagitii commisisset (for which, shortly before: nihil turpius, quam, etc.),

id. Brut. 61, 219; cf.:

ita necesse fuit aut haec flagitia concipere animo aut susceptae philosophiae nomen amittere,

disgraceful assertions, absurdities, id. N. D. 1, 24, 66.—Comically: Co. Fores hae fecerunt magnum flagitium modo. Ad. Quid id est flagitii? Crepuerunt clare, Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 32.— Leg. t. t.: perfectum flagitium, a completed crime (opp. imperfectum), Paul. Sent. 5, 4, 14.—

In vulg. lang., concr. like scelus, shame, disgrace, as a term of reproach, i. q. rascal, scoundrel:

flagitium illud hominis!

Plaut. Cas. 2, 1, 8; id. As. 2, 4, 67; id. Cas. 3, 2, 22; id. Men. 3, 2, 24; 5, 1, 9:

ipsa quae sis stabulum flagitii,

id. Truc. 2, 7, 31: etiam opprobras vim, flagiti flagrantia, burning shame, i. e. outrageous villain, id. Rud. 3, 4, 28:

omnium flagitiorum atque facinorum circum se tamquam stipatorum catervas habebat,

Sall. C. 14, 1.—

(Causa pro effectu.) Shame, disgrace (rare but class.):

id erat meum factum flagiti plenum et dedecoris,

Cic. Att. 16, 7, 4; cf.:

magnum dedecus et flagitium,

id. Off. 3, 22, 86: qui non gloria movemini neque flagitio, Sall. Or. Licin. fin. (p. 236 ed. Gerl.):

beatus qui pejus leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50:

flagitio additis damnum,

id. ib. 3, 5, 26:

quia illa forma matrem familias flagitium sit si sequatur,

Plaut. Merc. 2, 3, 71:

facere damni mavolo, Quam obprobramentum aut flagitium muliebre inferri domo,

id. ib. 2, 3, 85; id. Ep. 3, 4, 79:

flagitium imperio demere,

Liv. 25, 15, 19:

consul moveri flagitio timoris fatendi,

id. 42, 60, 4.

tĭmĕo, ŭi, 2, v. a. and n. [root tam-; Sanscr. tam-yati, to be stupefied; tamas, darkness; cf. temulentus], to fear, be afraid of, to dread, apprehend; to be afraid or in fear, to be fearful, apprehensive, or anxious; constr. with acc., rel.-clause, inf., ne or ut, and absol.

With acc. (class.;

syn.: vereor, metuo, paveo): quamquam omnia sunt metuenda, nihil magis quam perfidiam timemus,

Cic. Fam. 1, 5, a, 2:

timeo meos,

Plaut. Truc. 5, 63; cf.:

quos aliquamdiu inermes timuissent,

Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

oppidanos,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 27:

saxum Tantalus,

Lucr. 3, 981 sq.:

portus omnes,

Caes. B. C. 3, 6:

reliquos casus,

id. ib. 3, 10:

nomen atque imperium absentis,

id. ib. 1, 61:

numinis iram,

Ov. M. 6, 314:

flagitium pejus leto,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50:

cuncta (amantes),

Ov. M. 7, 719:

aeternas poenas timendum'st,

Lucr. 1, 111.—In pass.:

morbos esse timendos,

Lucr. 3, 41; so, si ipse fulgor timeretur, Quint. 8, 3, 5:

si Cn. Pompeius timeretur,

id. 4, 2, 25. — Pregn., to have to fear, i. e. to be exposed to, contend against:

pro telis gerit quae timuit et quae fudit,

Sen. Herc. Fur. 40 sq.; 793:

feras,

id. Herc. Oet. 270. — With dat. of the object for which one fears something:

nostrae causae nihil nos timere,

Quint. 11, 1, 75:

patronum justitiae suae,

id. 4, 1, 9:

furem caulibus aut pomis,

Juv. 6, 17:

noxiam vini aegris,

Plin. 14, 16, 19, § 101. — With de:

de suo ac legionis periculo nihil timebat,

Caes. B. G. 5, 57:

nihil de bello,

id. ib. 3, 3:

de se nihil timere,

Cic. Sest. 1, 1. — With pro and abl.:

quid pro quoque timendum, aut a quoque timendum sit,

Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 16, 2: pro amicis omnia timui, pro me nihil. Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. § 15. —

With rel.-clause (class.):

misera timeo, quid hoc sit negotii,

Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 79:

timeo, quid rerum gesserim,

id. Mil. 2, 4, 44:

quid possem, timebam,

Cic. Att. 12, 24, 1:

nunc istic quid agatur, magnopere timeo,

id. ib. 3, 8, 2;

jam nunc timeo, quidnam... pro exspectatione omnium eloqui possim,

id. Div. in Caecil. 13, 42:

misera timeo, incertum hoc quorsum accidat,

Ter. And. 1, 5, 29; cf.:

haec quo sint eruptura timeo,

Cic. Att. 2, 20, 5. — With dat.:

nunc nostrae timeo parti, quid hic respondeat,

Ter. And. 2, 5, 8. —

With inf. (freq. since the Aug. per.;

not in Cic.): Caesar etsi timebat tantae magnitudinis flumini exercitum obicere, etc.,

Caes. B. C. 1, 64:

equites cum intrare fumum et flammam densissimam timerent,

Hirt. B. G. 8, 16:

timebant prisci truncum findere,

Plin. 17, 14, 24, § 102:

nec jurare time,

Tib. 1, 4, 21; Hor. C. 1, 8, 8; 3, 24, 56; id. S. 1, 4, 23; id. Ep. 1, 5, 2; 1, 7, 4; 1, 19, 27; 2, 1, 114; id. A. P. 170; 197; Ov. M. 1, 593; 12, 246.— Rarely with acc. and inf.:

ni cedenti instaturum alterum timuissent,

Liv. 10, 36, 3.—

With ne or ut (class.):

metuo et timeo, ne hoc tandem propalam fiat,

Plaut. Mil. 4, 8, 38:

timeo, ne malefacta mea sint inventa omnia,

id. Truc. 4, 2, 61: haec timeo ne impediantur, D. Brut. ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 10, 4:

neque timerent, ne circumvenirentur,

Caes. B. G. 2, 26:

non times, ne locum perdas,

Quint. 6, 3, 63:

timuit, ne non succederet,

Hor. Ep. 1, 17, 37:

timere, ne non virtute hostium, sed lassitudine suā vincerentur,

Curt. 3, 17, 9:

timeo, ut sustineas,

Cic. Fam. 14, 2, 3:

ut satis commode supportari posset (res frumentaria), timere dicebant,

Caes. B. G. 1, 39. —

Absol. (freq. in prose and poetry):

fac, ego ne metuam igitur et ut tu meam timeas vicem,

Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 24:

salva est navis, ne time,

id. Merc. 1, 2, 64; so,

ne time,

id. Am. 2, 2, 42; 5, 1, 12; id. Cas. 4, 4, 13; id. Curc. 4, 2, 34:

timentibus ceteris propter ignorationem locorum,

Cic. Rep. 1, 17, 29; cf.:

timentes confirmat,

Caes. B. G. 7, 7:

cottidie aliquid fit lenius quam timebamus,

Cic. Fam. 6, 10, 5:

timere et admirari,

Quint. 9, 2, 26; 9, 2, 86.—With de:

de re publicā valde timeo,

Cic. Att. 7, 6, 2.—With ab:

a quo quidem genere ego numquam timui,

Cic. Sull. 20, 59. — With pro ( poet. and post-Aug.):

pro eo timebam,

Curt. 6, 10, 27:

timentem pro capite amicissimo,

Plin. Ep. 3, 17, 3:

quamvis pericliter, plus tamen pro te timeo,

Sen. Contr. 7, 20, 1:

indulgentia pro suis timentium,

id. ib. 9, 26, 2, B:

qui pro illo nimium timet,

id. Ep. 14, 1:

qui eget divitiis timet pro illis,

id. ib. 14, 18;

90, 43: pro Aristippi animā,

Gell. 19, 1, 10:

timuere dei pro vindice terrae,

Ov. M. 9, 241.—Pregn., with abl. ( poet.):

timuit exterrita pennis Ales,

expressed its fear, Verg. A. 5, 505. — Freq. with dat. of the object for which one fears:

tibi timui,

Ter. Heaut. 3, 2, 20; cf.:

qui sibi timuerant,

Caes. B. C. 3, 27:

alicui,

Quint. 8, 5, 15; Verg. A. 2, 729; Hor. C. 3, 27, 7; id. S. 2, 1, 23:

suis rebus,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16:

huic loco,

id. ib. 7, 44:

receptui suo,

id. B. C. 3, 69:

urbi,

Hor. C. 3, 29, 26.— Impers. pass.:

urbi timetur,

Luc. 7, 138: Sen. Med. 885.—

Timens like timidus, with gen.:

mortis timentes,

Lucr. 6, 1239.

mălus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. mala, dirt; Gr. melas, black; cf. macula; Germ. mal in Mutter-mal, etc.].— Comp.: pējor, pejus.— Sup.: pessimus, a, um, bad, in the widest sense of the word (opp. bonus), evil, wicked, injurious, destructive, mischievous, hurtful; of personal appearance, ill-looking, ugly, deformed; of weight, bad, light; of fate, evil, unlucky, etc.:

malus et nequam homo,

Plaut. Ps. 4, 7, 1:

pessima puella,

Cat. 36, 9; 55, 10:

delituit mala,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 5, 9:

philosophi minime mali illi quidem, sed non satis acuti,

Cic. Off. 3, 9, 23:

malam opinionem habere de aliquo,

id. Verr. 2, 3, 24, § 59:

consuetudo,

Hor. S. 1, 3, 36:

conscientia,

Quint. 12, 1, 3:

mens,

id. ib.:

mores,

Sall. C. 18:

fures,

Hor. S. 1, 1, 77:

Furiae,

id. ib. 2, 3, 135:

virus,

Verg. G. 1, 129:

cicuta,

Hor. S. 2, 1, 56:

libido,

Liv. 1, 57:

falx,

Verg. E. 3, 11:

gramina,

id. A. 2, 471: carmen, i. e. an incantation, Leg. XII. Tab. ap. Plin. 28, 2, 4, § 17:

abi in malam rem,

go and be hanged! Ter. And. 2, 1, 17:

pugna,

unsuccessful, adverse, Cic. Div. 2, 25, 54; Sall. J. 56:

avis,

i. e. ill-boding, Hor. C. 1, 15, 5; cf. id. ib. 3, 6, 46:

ales,

id. Epod. 10, 1: aetas, burdensome, i. e. senectus, Plaut. Aul. 1, 1, 4:

haud mala est mulier,

not badlooking, id. Bacch. 5, 2, 42:

facies,

Quint. 6, 3, 32; Ter. Eun. 2, 2, 43:

crus,

i. e. deformed, Hor. S. 1, 2, 102:

pondus,

i. e. light, deficient, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 156.—Of the sick:

in malis aeger est,

in great danger, Cels. 3, 15 fin.:

tempus a quo omnis aeger pejor fiat,

id. 3, 5 med.:

eo tempore fere pessimi sunt qui aegrotant,

id. ib. —In neutr. sing., as adv.:

ne gallina malum responset dura palato,

Hor. S. 2, 4, 18.— Comp.: pejor, worse:

via,

Hor. S. 1, 5, 96.—Hence,

mă-lum, i, n., any thing bad, an evil, mischief, misfortune, calamity, etc.

In gen.:

orarem, ut ei, quod posses mali facere, faceres,

Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 25:

quam sit bellum, cavere malum,

Cic. de Or. 1, 58, 247:

nihil enim mali accidisse Scipioni puto,

id. Lael. 3, 10:

hostes inopinato malo turbati,

Caes. B. C. 2, 12:

externum, i. e. bellum,

Nep. Hamilc. 21:

ne in cotidianam id malum vertat, i. e. febris,

Cels. 3, 15:

hoc malo domitos potius cultores agrorum fore, quam, etc.,

Liv. 2, 34, 11.—

In partic.

Punishment; hurt, harm, severity, injury:

malo domandam tribuniciam potestatem,

Liv. 2, 54, 10:

malo exercitum coërcere,

Sall. J. 100, 5:

sine malo,

Plaut. Rud. 4, 4, 81; so Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 45; Liv. 4, 49, 11:

vi, malo, plagis adductus est, ut frumenti daret,

ill-usage, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 23, § 56:

amanti amoenitas malo est: nobis lucro est,

is hurtful, injurious, Plaut. Men. 2, 3, 5:

clementiam illi malo fuisse,

was injurious, unfortunate, Cic. Att. 14, 22, 1: malo hercle magno suo convivat sine modo, to his own [p. 1105] hurt, Enn. ap. Non. 474, 23 (Sat. v. 1 Vahl.):

olet homo quidam malo suo,

Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 165:

male merenti bona es: at malo cum tuo,

to your own hurt, id. As. 1, 3, 3.—

Wrong-doing:

causae, quae numquam malo defuturae sunt, Sen. de Ira, 1, 16, 3: sperans famam exstingui veterum sic posse malorum,

Verg. A. 6, 527; Anthol. Lat. 1, 178.—

As a term of abuse, plague, mischief, torment:

quid tu, malum, me sequere?

Plaut. Cas. 1, 3:

qui, malum, alii?

Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 10:

quae, malum, est ista tanta audacia?

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 20, § 54; so id. Off. 2, 15, 53; Curt. 8, 14, 41.—

As an exclamation, alas! misery! Plaut. Capt. 3, 3, 16; id. Men. 2, 3, 37 Brix ad loc.—

măle, adv., badly, ill, wrongly, wickedly, unfortunately, erroneously, improperly, etc.: dubitas, quin lubenter tuo ero meus, quod possiet facere, faciat male? will do all the harm to him, etc., Plaut. Poen. 4, 2, 66: si iste Italiam relinquet, faciet omnino male, et, ut ego existimo, alogistôs, will act altogether unwisely, Attic. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10:

di isti Segulio male faciant,

do harm to him, punish him, Cic. Fam. 11, 21, 1:

o factum male de Alexione!

id. Att. 15, 1, 1:

male velle alicui,

to wish ill, Plaut. As. 5, 1, 13:

Karthagini male jamdiu cogitanti bellum multo ante denuntio, cogitare de aliquo,

Cic. Sen. 6, 18:

male loqui,

id. Rosc. Am. 48:

male loqui alicui, for maledicere,

Ter. Phorm. 2, 3, 25:

male accipere verbis aliquem,

Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 54, § 140:

equitatu agmen adversariorum, male habere,

to harass, annoy, Caes. B. C. 1, 63:

hoc male habet virum,

annoys, vexes him, Ter. And. 2, 6, 5:

male se habere,

to feel ill, dejected, low-spirited, id. Eun. 4, 2, 6:

male est animo,

it vexes me, id. Ad. 4, 5, 21:

male est animo,

I feel unwell, Plaut. Curc. 2, 3, 33:

male fit animo,

I am beginning to feel bad, am getting unwell, id. Rud. 2, 6, 26: L. Antonio male sit, si quidem, etc., evil betide him! (a formula of imprecation), Cic. Att. 15, 15, 1:

quae res tibi vertat male,

much harm may it do you! Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 37:

male tibi esse malo quam molliter,

I would rather you should be unfortunate than effeminate, Sen. Ep. 82, 1:

proelium male pugnatum,

unsuccessfully, Sall. J. 54, 7:

ea quae male empta sunt,

at a bad bargain, Cic. Att. 2, 4, 1:

male vendere,

at a sacrifice, id. Verr. 2, 3, 98, § 227:

male reprehendunt praemeditationem rerum futurarum,

id. Tusc. 3, 16, 34:

male tegere mutationem fortunae,

Tac. H. 1, 66:

male sustinere arma,

unskilfully, Liv. 1, 25, 12: non dubito, quin me male oderit, i. e. very much, intensely, Caes. ap. Cic. Att. 14, 1, 2:

male metuo, ne, etc.,

exceedingly, much, Ter. Hec. 3, 2, 2:

rauci,

miserably, Hor. S. 1, 4, 66.—

When attached to an adjective, it freq. gives it the opposite meaning: male sanus = insanus,

insane, deranged, Cic. Att. 9, 15, 5:

male sana,

with mind disturbed, Verg. A. 4, 8:

gratus,

i. e. ungrateful, Ov. H. 7, 27:

male fidas provincias,

unfaithful, Tac. H. 1, 17:

statio male fida carinis,

unsafe, Verg. A. 2, 23.— Comp.:

oderam multo pejus hunc quam illum ipsum Clodium,

Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3; cf.:

pejusque leto flagitium timet,

Hor. C. 4, 9, 50; and:

cane pejus vitabit chlamydem,

id. Ep. 1, 17, 30.

mālus, i, f., Gr. mêlea, an appletree:

malus bifera,

Varr. R. R. 1, 7:

et steriles platani malos gessere valentes,

Verg. G. 2, 70:

malus granata,

the pomegranate, Isid. 17, 7, 6:

felices arbores putantur esse quercus...malus, etc.,

Macr. S. 3, 20, 2.

mālus, i, m. [by some referred to root mac-; Gr. makros; Lat. magnus; but perh. the same word with 2. malus], an upright mast, pole, or beam.

In gen.:

malos exaequantes altitudinem jugi surrexit,

Front. Strat. 3, 8, 3.—

Esp.

A mast of a ship:

ut si qui gubernatorem in navigando agere nihil dicant, cum alii malos scandant, etc.,

Cic. Sen. 6, 17:

malum erigi, vela fieri imperavit,

id. Verr. 2, 5, 34, § 88:

attolli malos,

Verg. A. 5, 829:

malo suspendit ab alto,

id. ib. 5, 489:

saucius,

injured, Hor. C. 1, 14, 5.—

A standard or pole, to which the awnings spread over the theatre were attached, Lucr. 6, 110; Liv. 39, 7, 8.—

The beam in the middle of a wine-press, Plin. 18, 31, 74, § 317.—

The corner beams of a tower:

turrium mali,

Caes. B. G. 7, 22, 4.