patterns

viewing

A n

1 TV we plan our viewing ahead nous choisissons à l'avance ce que nous allons regarder (à la télévision) ; ‘and that concludes Saturday night's viewing’ ‘et avec ceci se termine votre programme du samedi soir’ ; essential viewing for teachers à voir impérativement par les enseignants ; a programme scheduled for late-night/prime-time viewing une émission programmée en fin de soirée/aux heures de grande écoute ; the film makes compulsive viewing le film est captivant ;

2 (visit, inspection) (of exhibition, house) visite f ; ( of film) projection f ; Comm (of new range, clothes collection) présentation f ; ‘early viewing recommended’ ( estate agent's notice) ‘à visiter d'urgence’ ; ‘viewing by appointment only’ ‘visite sur rendez-vous uniquement’.

B modif TV [trends, patterns] d'écoute ; [habits, preferences] des téléspectateurs ; viewing figures taux m d'écoute ; the viewing public les téléspectateurs mpl.

voting

A n (procedure, ballot) scrutin m ; second round of voting second tour de scrutin ; voting is by secret ballot le vote se fait au scrutin secret.

B modif [patterns, intentions, rights] de vote.

Note that the words océan and mer do not have capitals in French.

= l’océan Atlantique

= l’océan Pacifique

= l’océan Indien

= la mer Caspienne

= la mer Baltique

As in English, French often drops the words océan or mer. When this happens, oceans have masculine gender (from the masculine word océan) and seas have feminine gender (from the feminine mer):

= le Pacifique

= la Baltique

= la mer Égée

Here are some useful patterns, using Pacifique as a typical name:

= la côte du Pacifique

= une traversée du Pacifique

= une croisière dans le Pacifique

= les courants du Pacifique

= les poissons du Pacifique

= les îles du Pacifique

range [reɪndʒ]

portée ⇒ 1 (a) échelle ⇒ 1 (b) gamme ⇒ 1 (c) champ ⇒ 1 (d) étendue ⇒ 1 (d) parcourir ⇒ 2 (a), 3 (b) ranger ⇒ 2 (b), 2 (c) aller de…à ⇒ 3 (a)

1 noun

(a) (of missile, sound, transmitter, telescope) portée f; (of vehicle, aircraft) autonomie f;

∎ medium-range or intermediate-range missiles missiles mpl à portée intermédiaire;

∎ short/medium/long-range aircraft court-/moyen-/long-courrier m;

∎ Meteorology short/long-range forecast prévisions fpl météorologiques à court/long terme;

∎ at long/short range à longue/courte portée;

∎ out of range hors de portée;

∎ within (firing) range à portée de tir;

∎ to be within hearing range être à portée de voix;

∎ it can kill a man at a range of 800 metres ça peut tuer un homme à une distance de 800 mètres;

∎ at point blank range à bout portant;

∎ range of vision champ m visuel;

∎ it gives you some idea of the range of their powers ça vous donne une petite idée de l'étendue de leurs pouvoirs

(b) (scale → of prices, salaries) échelle f, éventail m; (of instrument, voice) tessiture f;

∎ there is a wide range of temperatures in these parts il existe de très grands écarts de température dans ces régions;

∎ children in the same age range les enfants dans la même tranche d'âge;

∎ beyond one's range (note) hors de son registre;

∎ within one's range (note) dans son registre;

∎ it's within my price range c'est dans mes prix;

∎ what is your price range? quel prix voulez-vous mettre?;

∎ Stock Exchange opening/closing range fourchette f de cours d'ouverture/de clôture

(c) (series, selection → of colours, feelings, products) gamme f; (→ of patterns, sizes) choix m;

∎ we stock a wide range of office materials nous avons en stock une large gamme de matériels de bureaux;

∎ the new autumn range (of clothes) la nouvelle collection d'automne;

∎ this car is (at) the top/bottom of the range cette voiture est le modèle haut/bas de gamme;

∎ the coat comes in a wide range of colours/sizes le manteau existe dans une gamme variée de couleurs/un grand choix de tailles;

∎ an actor with a wide range of expressions un acteur qui a une gamme d'expressions très variée;

∎ we talked on a wide range of topics nous avons discuté de sujets très divers;

∎ she has a wide range of interests elle s'intéresse à beaucoup de choses;

∎ to experience the full range of emotions passer par toute la gamme des émotions;

∎ the range of possibilities is almost infinite l'éventail des possibilités est presque infini

(d) (scope → of activity) champ m; (→ of knowledge, research) étendue f; (→ of inquiry, investigation) domaine m; Marketing (→ of advertising campaign) rayon m d'action;

∎ that is beyond the range of the present inquiry cela ne relève pas de cette enquête;

∎ that lies outside the range of my responsibility ça dépasse les limites de ma responsabilité

(e) (of mountains) chaîne f

(f) (territory → of animal, plant) habitat m; American (prairie) prairie f

(g) (for target practice) champ m de tir;

∎ missile range champ m de tir de missiles

(h) (cooker) fourneau m (de cuisine)

(i) (row, line) rang m, rangée f

(j) (in surveying) alignement m, direction f

2 transitive verb

(a) (roam over) parcourir

(b) (put in a row or in rows) ranger, mettre ou disposer en rang ou en rangs;

∎ the troops ranged themselves in front of the embassy les troupes se rangèrent devant l'ambassade;

∎ the desks are ranged in threes les pupitres sont en rangées de trois

(c) (join, ally) ranger, rallier;

∎ to range oneself with sb se ranger du côté de qn; (ideologically) s'aligner sur la position de qn;

∎ to range oneself against sb s'opposer à qn;

∎ the forces ranged against them les forces ralliées contre eux

(d) (aim → cannon, telescope) braquer (on sur)

(e) Typography aligner, justifier;

∎ ranged left/right justifié à gauche/à droite

(f) (classify) classer, ranger

(g) American

∎ to range cattle élever du bétail dans la prairie

3 intransitive verb

(a) (extend, vary) aller (from…to de…à), varier (from…to entre…et);

∎ prices range from £15 to £150 les prix vont de 15 à 150 livres;

∎ incomes ranging from £12,000 to £15,000 or between £12,000 and £15,000 revenus de l'ordre de 12 000 à 15 000 livres;

∎ their ages range from 5 to 12 or between 5 and 12 ils ont de 5 à 12 ou entre 5 et 12 ans;

∎ the quality ranges from mediocre to excellent la qualité varie de médiocre à excellent;

∎ the survey ranged over the whole country l'enquête couvrait la totalité du pays;

∎ our conversation ranged over a large number of topics nous avons discuté d'un grand nombre de sujets

(b) (roam)

∎ to range over sth parcourir qch;

∎ they range over the countryside ils parcourent la campagne;

∎ thugs range through the city streets des voyous rôdent dans les rues de la ville;

∎ his eyes ranged over the audience il parcourut l'auditoire des yeux

(c) (gun, missile)

∎ to range over avoir une portée de

►► Marketing range addition ajout m à la gamme;

American range cattle bétail m élevé dans la prairie;

range pole, range rod (surveying instrument) jalon m;

Marketing range stretching extension f de la gamme

viewing ['vju:ɪŋ]

1 noun (UNCOUNT)

(a) Television programme m, programmes mpl, émissions fpl;

∎ late-night viewing on BBC2 émissions de fin de soirée sur BBC2;

∎ his latest film makes exciting viewing son dernier film est un spectacle passionnant;

∎ a good evening's viewing une soirée passée devant de bons programmes de télévision

(b) (of showhouse, exhibition) visite f;

∎ viewing at weekends only visites uniquement le week-end

(c) Astronomy observation f

2 compound-forming noun

(a) Television (time, patterns) d'écoute;

∎ a young viewing audience de jeunes téléspectateurs

(b) Astronomy & Meteorology (conditions) d'observation

►► Television viewing figures taux m ou indice m d'écoute;

Television viewing hours heures fpl d'écoute;

∎ at peak viewing hours aux heures de grande écoute

 

атмосферный процесс
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

atmospheric process
Atmospheric processes are distinguished in physical and chemical processes and both types may be operating simultaneously in complicated and interdependent ways. The physical processes of transport by atmospheric winds and the formation of clouds and precipitation strongly influence the patterns and rates of acidic deposition, while chemical reactions govern the forms of the compounds deposited. (Source: PARCOR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• atmospheric process

DE

• atmosphärischer Vorgang

FR

• phénomčne atmosphérique

 

защита климата
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

climate protection
Precautionary actions, procedures or installations undertaken to prevent or reduce harm from pollution to natural weather conditions or patterns, including the prevailing temperature, atmospheric composition and precipitation. (Source: DOE / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• climate protection

DE

• Klimaschutz

FR

• protection du climat

 

конфигурация электрической сети
Способ и форма расположения элементов электрической сети.
[ОАО РАО "ЕЭС России" СТО 17330282.27.010.001-2008]

EN

system configuration
a permanent or temporary grouping of similar or dissimilar individual system patterns
[IEV ref 601-02-06]

FR

configuration d'un réseau
architecture d'un réseau
assemblage temporaire ou permanent de structures élémentaires identiques ou différentes d'un réseau
[IEV ref 601-02-06]

Тематики

• электроснабжение в целом

EN

• system configuration

DE

• Netzkonfiguration, f

FR

• architecture d'un réseau
• configuration d'un réseau

 

ландшафт земной поверхности после завершения горных работ
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

landscape after mining
The process of mining disfigures the surface of the land, and in the absence of reclamation leads to permanent scars. The process spoils the vital topsoil, disrupts drainage patterns, destroys the productive capacity of agricultural and forest land and impairs their aesthetic and social value. (Source: WPRa)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• landscape after mining

DE

• Bergbaufolgelandschaft

FR

• paysage minier

 

лигнит
—
[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

lignite
Coal of relatively recent origin consisting of accumulated layers of partially decomposed vegetation, intermediate between peat and bituminous coal; often contains patterns from the wood from which it formed. (Source: MGH / CED / WRIGHT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• lignite

DE

• Braunkohle

FR

• lignite

 

пол листовой
Пол с покрытием из листовых материалов
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]

SHEET LINOLEUM FLOORING / ROLLED FLOOR (glue down)

Linoleum is very beautiful and durable providing flexible design abilities for bathroom flooring, kitchen flooring, mud room, bedrooms or other areas through use of colors and patterns. This material is natural and since it is made from natural raw materials you may see slight color and structural differences are possible between the production batches and samples. The floor is extremely durable, easy to clean and maintains a warm natural look and feel. Lives of these floors may exceed 40+ years depending on the quality of the installation. I have Marmoleum brand linoleum flooring in my home's recreation room and mud rooms, and could not be happier with its performance.
[http://homerepair.about.com/od/interiorhomerepair/ss/Resilient-Bathroom-And-Kitchen-Flooring-Vinyl-Cork-Linoleum-Flooring_9.htm]
 

Тематики

• элементы зданий и сооружений

EN

• sheet flooring

DE

• Plattenfußboden

FR

• revêtement de sol en plaques

 

потребление воды
—
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EN

water consumption
The utilization patterns and quantities entailed in a community or human group's use of water for survival, comfort and enjoyment. (Source: ODE / RHW)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• water consumption

DE

• Wasserverbrauch

FR

• consommation d'eau

 

прогноз выбросов
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EN

emission forecast
The final step in a clean air plan is to predict future air quality to demonstrate that we can (if we can) meet the health standards by implementing the measures proposed in the plan. This is done by first projecting the emission inventory into the future, taking into account changes in population, housing, employment in specific business sectors, and vehicle miles traveled. These data are obtained from various sources and the resulting emissions are adjusted to account for regulations and control measures scheduled for implementation during the same time period. Additional adjustments are made to reflect large facilities that are expected to start up, modify, or shut down. The resulting inventory is an emission forecast, and is usually expressed in tons per day of particular pollutants for a given year. Additional steps may be required to determine how the forecasted quantities of air pollution will affect the overall air quality. One way to accomplish this is through computer modeling. A computer model simulates how pollutants disperse, react, and move in the air. The inputs to such a computer model are complex. They include weather patterns, terrain, and the chemical nature of air pollutants. (Source: APCD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• emission forecast

DE

• Emissionsprognose

FR

• prévision d'émission

 

снижение отходов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

waste reduction
Practices that reduce the amount of waste generated by a specific source through the redesigning of products or patterns of production or consumption. (Source: TOE)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• waste reduction

DE

• Abfallminderung

FR

• réduction des déchets

 

экономическая география
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

EN

economic geography
The geography of people making a living, dealing with the spatial patterns of production, distribution and consumption of goods and services. The development of economic geography over the past three decades has witnessed the substitution of analysis for description, leading to an identification of the factors and an understanding of the processes affecting the spatial differentiation of economic activities over the earth's surface. (Source: GOOD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]

Тематики

• охрана окружающей среды

EN

• economic geography

DE

• Wirtschaftsgeographie

FR

• géographie économique