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1 pasteur
pasteur [pastœʀ]masculine noun* * *pastœʀnom masculin1) ( protestant) minister2) ( prêtre) priest3) ( berger) shepherd* * *pastœʀ nm(protestant) minister* * *1 ( protestant) minister;2 ( prêtre) priest;3 ( berger) shepherd; peuple de pasteurs nation of shepherds; le Bon Pasteur Bible the Good Shepherd.[pastɶr] nom masculin(archaïque) [prêtre] pastor2. (littéraire) [berger] shepherd3. (figuré & littéraire) [guide, gardien] shepherd -
2 Pasteur
m.Pasteur, Louis Pasteur. -
3 Pasteur
m <nahr.prod> ■ pasteurizer; pasteuriser -
4 pasteur
pasteurize, pasteurized, pasteurized, pasteurizing -
5 pasteur
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6 pasteur
minister, parson, pastor, rector -
7 Pasteur, Louis
[br]b. 27 December 1822 Dole, Franced. 28 September 1895 Paris, France[br]French chemist, founder of stereochemistry, developer of microbiology and immunology, and exponent of the germ theory of disease.[br]Sustained by the family tanning business in Dole, near the Swiss border, Pasteur's school career was undistinguished, sufficing to gain him entry into the teacher-training college in Paris, the Ecole Normale, There the chemical lectures by the great organic chemist J.B.A.Dumas (1800–84) fired Pasteur's enthusiasm for chemistry which never left him. Pasteur's first research, carried out at the Ecole, was into tartaric acid and resulted in the discovery of its two optically active forms resulting from dissymmetrical forms of their molecules. This led to the development of stereochemistry. Next, an interest in alcoholic fermentation, first as Professor of Chemistry at Lille University in 1854 and then back at the Ecole from 1857, led him to deny the possibility of spontaneous generation of animal life. Doubt had previously been cast on this, but it was Pasteur's classic research that finally established that the putrefaction of broth or the fermentation of sugar could not occur spontaneously in sterile conditions, and could only be caused by airborne micro-organisms. As a result, he introduced pasteurization or brief, moderate heating to kill pathogens in milk, wine and other foods. The suppuration of wounds was regarded as a similar process, leading Lister to apply Pasteur's principles to revolutionize surgery. In 1860, Pasteur himself decided to turn to medical research. His first study again had important industrial implications, for the silk industry was badly affected by diseases of the silkworm. After prolonged and careful investigation, Pasteur found ways of dealing with the two main infections. In 1868, however, he had a stroke, which prevented him from active carrying out experimentation and restricted him to directing research, which actually was more congenial to him. Success with disease in larger animals came slowly. In 1879 he observed that a chicken treated with a weakened culture of chicken-cholera bacillus would not develop symptoms of the disease when treated with an active culture. He compared this result with Jenner's vaccination against smallpox and decided to search for a vaccine against the cattle disease anthrax. In May 1881 he staged a demonstration which clearly showed the success of his new vaccine. Pasteur's next success, finding a vaccine which could protect against and treat rabies, made him world famous, especially after a person was cured in 1885. In recognition of his work, the Pasteur Institute was set up in Paris by public subscription and opened in 1888. Pasteur's genius transcended the boundaries between science, medicine and technology, and his achievements have had significant consequences for all three fields.[br]BibliographyPasteur published over 500 books, monographs and scientific papers, reproduced in the magnificent Oeuvres de Pasteur, 1922–39, ed. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, 7 vols, Paris.Further ReadingP.Vallery-Radot, 1900, La vie de Louis Pasteur, Paris: Hachette; 1958, Louis Pasteur. A Great Life in Brief, English trans., New York (the standard biography).E.Duclaux, 1896, Pasteur: Histoire d ' un esprit, Paris; 1920, English trans., Philadelphia (perceptive on the development of Pasteur's thought in relation to contemporary science).R.Dobos, 1950, Louis Pasteur, Free Lance of Science, Boston, Mass.; 1955, French trans.LRD -
8 Pasteur, Institut
Famous private medical and biological research institute, founded in 1887, by Louis Pasteur, the man who discovered penicillin. The institute is one of the world's leading research laboratories in its field, and was the first to identify the HIV virus. Pasteur researchers have received the Nobel Prizes on eight occasions.Dictionnaire Français-Anglais. Agriculture Biologique > Pasteur, Institut
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9 Pasteur Institute Software Environment
Software: PISEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Pasteur Institute Software Environment
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10 Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
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11 efecto Pasteur
m.Pasteur effect. -
12 Luis Pasteur
m.Louis Pasteur. -
13 pipetta Pasteur
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14 demeure du pasteur
fDictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > demeure du pasteur
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15 Bon Pasteur
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16 col de pasteur
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17 Пастер
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18 пастеровская пипетка
пастеровская пипетка
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[Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А. Англо-русский толковый словарь генетических терминов 1995 407с.]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > пастеровская пипетка
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19 эффект Пастера
Снижение ферментативного метаболизма, наблюдаемое у некоторых дрожжей при аэрации. Такое явление представляет собой метаболическую реакцию на повышение содержания кислорода, которая в свою очередь инициирует окислительное фосфорилирование, способствующее быстрому превращению АДФ и неорганического фосфата в АТФ; классический пример регуляции обмена веществ.
Русско-английский словарь терминов по микробиологии > эффект Пастера
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20 أثر باستور
Pasteur effect
См. также в других словарях:
pasteur — [ pastɶr ] n. m. • 1238; pastur 1050; lat. pastor, oris, cas régime de pastre → pâtre 1 ♦ Vx ou poét. Celui qui garde, fait paître le bétail. ⇒ berger, pâtre. Qui se rapporte à la vie des pasteurs. ⇒ bucolique, pastoral. ♢ Didact. Celui qui vit… … Encyclopédie Universelle
PASTEUR (L.) — Trois raisons font de Louis Pasteur une grande figure de l’humanité. La première tient à son œuvre scientifique. Pasteur a renouvelé des chapitres entiers de la physique et de la chimie; plus qu’aucun autre peut être, il a révélé l’importance du… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Pasteur — (französ. für Hirte) bezeichnet: das Passagierschiff und den Truppentransporter Pasteur, die später unter dem Namen Bremen fuhr, siehe Bremen (1939) eine Maschine zum Pasteurisieren von Lebensmitteln, siehe Pasteur (Maschine) eine Station der… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Pasteur — [pas tœːr], Louis, französischer Chemiker und Mikrobiologe, * Dole 27. 12. 1822, ✝ Villeneuve l Étang (bei Paris) 28. 9. 1895; Sohn eines Gerbers; Schüler und Assistent von J. B. Dumas; wurde 1867 Professor der Chemie an der Sorbonne, gründete… … Universal-Lexikon
pasteur — Pasteur. s. m. (L s se prononce) Qui garde des troupeaux, principalement les moutons & les brebis. Il n est guere en usage qu au figuré; & se dit des ministres de l Eglise qui ont charge d ames. Nostre Seigneur est le bon pasteur qui ramene la… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Pasteur — C est dans le Jura que le nom est le plus fréquent. On le rencontre aussi en Suisse. Il correspond au métier de berger (sens du mot pasteur au moyen âge). A noter qu en Suisse le nom fut parfois germanisé en Pfarrer, qui désigne lui aussi un… … Noms de famille
Pasteur — (spr. ör), Louis, Chemiker, geb. 27. Dez. 1822 in Dôle (Depart. Jura), gest. 28. Sept. 1895 in Villeneuve l Etang, studierte seit 1843 in Paris, wurde 1848 Professor der Physik am Lyzeum in Dijon, 1849 Professor der Chemie in Straßburg und ging… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Pasteur — (spr. pastöhr), Louis, franz. physiol. Chemiker, geb. 27. Dez. 1822 in Dôle, 1849 Prof. in Straßburg, 1854 in Lille, 1857 an der Normalschule in Paris, 1867 Prof. an der Sorbonne, seit 1889 Leiter des »Institut Pasteur« für Mikrobiologie und… … Kleines Konversations-Lexikon
Pasteur — Pasteur, Louis … Enciclopedia Universal
Pasteur — (izg. pastȇr), Louis (1822 1895) DEFINICIJA francuski kemičar i biolog; dokazao da su bakterije uzročnici zaraznih bolesti, pronašao cjepivo protiv bjesnoće, crvenog vjetra i nekih drugih bolesti; uveo sterilizaciju toplinom (pasterizacija);… … Hrvatski jezični portal
pasteur — Pasteur, ou Pastre, ou Pastoureau, Pastor, Custos ouium, Opilio. Ils aiment tousjours les pasteurs, Retinent charitatem in pastores … Thresor de la langue françoyse
