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1 vanwië
noun "the past, past time" WAN -
2 tampë
noun "copper" LT1:268; in LotR-style Quenya tampë is also? the past tense of tap- "stop, block" pa.t. of tap-, q.v. TAP -
3 hrissë
noun fall of snow PE17:168, possibly also the past tense of \#hriz-, q.v. -
4 handë
noun "knowledge, understanding, intelligence" KHAN. Note: *handë is probably also the past tense of the verb har- "sit". -
5 tyávë
noun "taste" pl. \#tyáver attested only in the compound lámatyáver, see lámatyávë. MR:215, 216. It may be that the verb tyav- would also appear as tyávë in the past tense. -
6 yondë
noun any fairly extensive region with well-marked natural bonds as mountains or rivers, occurring as a suffix -yondë, -yon/-iondë, -ion in regional names. PE17:43. Note: yondë may also be an archaic/poetic past tense of the verbyor-, q.v. -
7 tengwa-
2 vb. to read written matter, called a weak verb; aorist tengwa reads, present tense tengwëa is reading, past tense tengwane read, perfect etengwië has read, the latter without lengthening of the stem-vowel not **eténgwië because there is a consonant cluster following VT49:55. Gerund or verbal noun tengwië, also attested with a pronominal suffix + genitive: tengwiesto of your dual reading VT49:47, 48, 52, 54 -
8 quámë
"q" noun "sickness" KWAM, sickness, nausea QL:76. Earlier material also gives quámë as the past tense of the related verb quama- vomit, be sick. -
9 lá
1 adv. no, not" LA, VT45:25 According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" VT42:32-33, but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb when another verb is not expressed VT49:13, apparently where the phrase is not is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English I do not i.e. I do not do whatever the context indicates. With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë I do not, am not etc. Tolkien abandoned the form lamin. Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa ulanyë/u hé *I love him but uI do not love/u him another person VT49:15. Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva. 2 prep. athwart, over, across, beyond PE17:65, also used in phrases of comparison, e.g. "A ná calima lá B", A is bright beyond = brighter than B VT42:32. 3 interjection? "please" reading of gloss uncertain VT45:25 -
10 ëa
1 sometimes "eä" vb. "is" CO, in a more absolute sense "exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29 than the copula ná. Eä "it is" VT39:6 or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa who is above all thrones CO and i ëa han ëa *who is beyond the universe of Eä VT43:14. Eä is said to the be present & aorist tense VT49:29. The past tense of ëa is engë VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30, the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva VT49:29. See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote, but this term for the universe "was not held to include souls? and spirits" VT39:20; contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" VT43:14. Tolkien noted that ëa properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately, hence he deleted the example Eru ëa *God exists VT49:28, 36. However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar uëa/u the One who uis/u above all thrones as well as in various Átaremma versions see VT49:36, so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the loremasters rather than to everyday useage. 3 "eagle" LT1:251, LT2:338, a Qenya word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya. -
11 tëa
1 noun "straight line, road" TEÑ 2 vb. "indicates" evidently a present-tense stem VT39:6; past tense tengë VT43:38
См. также в других словарях:
past — /past / (say pahst) verb 1. Rare past participle and occasional past tense of pass. –adjective 2. gone by in time. 3. belonging to, or having existed or occurred in time previous to this. 4. gone by just before the present time; just passed: the… …
past participle — noun a participle that expresses completed action • Syn: ↑perfect participle • Hypernyms: ↑participle, ↑participial * * * noun, pl ⋯ ciples [count] grammar : the form of the verb that is used with “have” in perfect tenses and with “be” in passive … Useful english dictionary
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past master — noun count someone who has a great deal of skill and experience in a particular activity: She is a past master at persuading people to help her … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
past participle — noun count LINGUISTICS the form of a verb used to make perfect tenses and passive forms of verbs. Past participles are also sometimes used as adjectives, for example cooked in the phrase cooked vegetables … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
past master — ► NOUN ▪ a person who is experienced or expert in an activity … English terms dictionary
past participle — ► NOUN Grammar ▪ the form of a verb, typically ending in ed in English, which is used in forming perfect and passive tenses and sometimes as an adjective, e.g. looked in have you looked?, lost in lost property … English terms dictionary
past perfect — adjective Date: 1889 of, relating to, or constituting a verb tense that is traditionally formed in English with had and denotes an action or state as completed at or before a past time spoken of • past perfect noun … New Collegiate Dictionary
past tense — noun a verb tense that expresses actions or states in the past • Syn: ↑past • Hypernyms: ↑tense • Hyponyms: ↑preterit, ↑preterite * * * noun : a verb tense expressing action or state in or as if in the … Useful english dictionary
past — ► ADJECTIVE 1) gone by in time and no longer existing. 2) (of time) that has gone by. 3) Grammar (of a tense) expressing a past action or state. ► NOUN 1) a past period or the events in it. 2) a person s or thing s history or earlier life. 3) … English terms dictionary
past — Ⅰ. past UK US /pɑːst/ US /pæst/ preposition ► above a particular age or outside a stated limit: »More and more people are working until past retirement age. »We re past the point where losing a couple of employees will save us. Ⅱ. past UK US… … Financial and business terms
