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  • 1 частичное описание

    Русско-английский словарь по патентам и товарным знакам > частичное описание

  • 2 частичное описание

    Banks. Exchanges. Accounting. (Russian-English) > частичное описание

  • 3 частичное описание

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > частичное описание

  • 4 частичное описание природы

    частичное описание природы — partial description of the nature (of)

    Русско-английский словарь биологических терминов > частичное описание природы

  • 5 bombardeo

    m.
    1 bombardment.
    2 bombard.
    pres.indicat.
    1st person singular (yo) present indicative of spanish verb: bombardear.
    * * *
    1 (con artillería) bombardment, shelling; (desde el aire) bombing
    * * *
    noun m.
    1) bombing, shelling
    * * *
    SM
    1) (Mil) [desde el aire] bombing; [con artillería] bombardment, shelling

    bombardeo aéreo — [contable] air raid, air attack; [incontable] air bombardment (contra, sobre on)

    apuntarse 2)
    2) [de preguntas] bombardment
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( desde aviones) bombing; ( con artillería) bombardment, shelling

    sufrimos un intenso bombardeo publicitario — we were bombarded with o subjected to a barrage of advertising

    2) (Meteo) seeding
    * * *
    = bomb attack, bombardment, bombing, shelling, blitz, bomb raid, bombing campaign.
    Ex. The ARPAnet was an experimental network designed to support military research -- in particular, research about how to build networks that could withstand partial outages (like bomb attacks) and still function.
    Ex. The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina was destroyed during a bombardment in 1992.
    Ex. Despite damage from bombing, triple digit inflation, and staff shortages, many libraries functioned throughout the conflict.
    Ex. The library was plundered for its electronic equipment, and later suffered severe fire damage from the shelling.
    Ex. This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.
    Ex. Recently the US and Britain have been intensifying their bomb raids against Iraqi territory, in particular, in the so-called no-fly zones.
    Ex. An example of 'weasel word' usage might be the description of a bombing campaign -- a peace activist might describe it as 'genocide' whereas a military spokesperson might use the term 'collateral damage'.
    ----
    * bombardeo aéreo = bombing raid.
    * bombardeo de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.
    * bombardeo del correo electrónico = mail bombing.
    * un bombardeo de = a barrage of.
    * * *
    1)
    a) ( desde aviones) bombing; ( con artillería) bombardment, shelling

    sufrimos un intenso bombardeo publicitario — we were bombarded with o subjected to a barrage of advertising

    2) (Meteo) seeding
    * * *
    = bomb attack, bombardment, bombing, shelling, blitz, bomb raid, bombing campaign.

    Ex: The ARPAnet was an experimental network designed to support military research -- in particular, research about how to build networks that could withstand partial outages (like bomb attacks) and still function.

    Ex: The National and University Library of Bosnia and Herzegovina was destroyed during a bombardment in 1992.
    Ex: Despite damage from bombing, triple digit inflation, and staff shortages, many libraries functioned throughout the conflict.
    Ex: The library was plundered for its electronic equipment, and later suffered severe fire damage from the shelling.
    Ex: This decision touched off a battle of wills between the library and the government as well as a blitz of media publicity.
    Ex: Recently the US and Britain have been intensifying their bomb raids against Iraqi territory, in particular, in the so-called no-fly zones.
    Ex: An example of 'weasel word' usage might be the description of a bombing campaign -- a peace activist might describe it as 'genocide' whereas a military spokesperson might use the term 'collateral damage'.
    * bombardeo aéreo = bombing raid.
    * bombardeo de ideas = brainstorming [brain-storming], brainstorm.
    * bombardeo del correo electrónico = mail bombing.
    * un bombardeo de = a barrage of.

    * * *
    A
    1 (desde aviones) bombing; (con artillería) bombardment, shelling
    sufrimos un intenso bombardeo publicitario we were bombarded with o subjected to a barrage of advertising
    apuntarse al bombardeo ( Esp fam hum): ¿alguien viene conmigo? — yo me apunto al bombardeo does anyone want to come with me? — count me in o I'll come
    2 ( Fís) bombardment
    Compuesto:
    bombardeo por or de saturación
    carpet bombing, saturation bombing
    B ( Meteo) seeding
    * * *

    Del verbo bombardear: ( conjugate bombardear)

    bombardeo es:

    1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo

    bombardeó es:

    3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativo

    Multiple Entries:
    bombardear    
    bombardeo
    bombardear ( conjugate bombardear) verbo transitivo ( desde avión) to bomb;
    ( con artillería) to bombard, shell;

    bombardeo sustantivo masculino ( desde aviones) bombing;

    ( con artillería) bombardment, shelling
    bombardear verbo transitivo to bomb, shell
    bombardeo sustantivo masculino bombing, bombardment
    ' bombardeo' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    apuntarse
    - refugiar
    - refugio
    English:
    aerial
    - blitz
    - bombardment
    - bombing
    - saturation bombing
    - raid
    * * *
    1. [con bombas] bombing;
    [con artillería] bombardment bombardeo aéreo [ataque] air raid; [serie de ataques] aerial bombardment
    2. [de átomo] bombardment
    bombardeo atómico bombardment in a particle accelerator
    3. [con preguntas, peticiones] bombardment;
    la película es un constante bombardeo de imágenes the film bombards you with an uninterrupted stream of images
    * * *
    m desde el aire bombing; con artillería bombardment
    * * *
    1) : bombing, shelling
    2) : bombardment

    Spanish-English dictionary > bombardeo

  • 6 पक्षः _pakṣḥ

    पक्षः [पक्ष्-अच्]
    1 A wing, pinion; अद्यापि पक्षावपि नोद्भिद्येते K.347; so उद्भिन्नपक्षः fledged; पक्षच्छेदोद्यतं शक्रम् R.4.4;3.42.
    -2 The feather or feathers on each side of an arrow; अनुसंततिपातिनः पटुत्वं दधतः शुद्धिभृतो गृहीतपक्षाः (शराः) Śi.2.11.
    -3 The flank or side of a man or animal, the shoulder; स्तम्बेरमा उभयपक्षविनीतनिद्राः R.5.72.
    -4 The side of anything, a flank; वितत्य पक्षद्वयमायतम् Ki.14.31.
    -5 The wing or flank of an army; सुपर्णपक्षानिलनुन्नपक्षम् (राक्षसराजसैन्यम्) Rām.7.6. 69.
    -6 The half of anything.
    -7 The half of a lunar month, a fortnight (comprising 15 days; there are two such pakṣas, शुक्लपक्षः the bright or light half, and कृष्ण-तमिस्र-पक्षः the dark half); तमिस्रपक्षे$पि सह प्रियाभि- र्ज्योत्स्नावतो निर्विशति प्रदोषान् R.6.34; Ms.1.66; Y.3.5; सीमा वृद्धिं समायाति शुक्लपक्ष इवोडुराट् Pt.1.92; Mb.3.26.5.
    -8 (a) A party in general, faction, side; प्रमुदितवरपक्षम् R.6.86; Śi.2.117; तुल्यो मित्रारिपक्षयोः Bg.14.25; R.6. 53;18.17. (b) A family, race; रूपान्वितां पक्षवतीं मनोज्ञां भार्यामयत्नोपगतां लभेत् सः Mb.13.57.4; किं क्रन्दसि दुराक्रन्द स्वपक्षक्षयकारक Pt.4.29.
    -9 One belonging to any party, a follower, partisan; विष्णुपक्षैः प्रतिच्छन्नैर्न भिद्येतास्य धीर्यथा Bhāg.7.5.7; शत्रुपक्षो भवान् H.1.
    -1 A class, multi- tude, host, any number of adherents; as अरि˚, मित्र˚.
    -11 One side of an argument, an alternative, one of two cases; पक्षे 'in the other case, on the other hand' पूर्व एवाभवत् पक्षस्तस्मिन्नाभवदुत्तरः R.4.1;14.34. cf. पूर्वपक्ष and उत्तरपक्ष.
    -12 A case or supposition in general; as in पक्षान्तरे.
    -13 A point under discussion, a thesis, an argument to be maintained.
    -14 The subject of a syllogism or conclusion (the minor term); संदिग्धसाध्य- वान् पक्षः T. S., दधतः शुद्धिभृतो गृहीतपक्षाः Śi.2.11 (where it means 'a feather' also).
    -15 A symbolical ex- pression for the number 'two'.
    -16 A bird.
    -17 A state, condition.
    -18 The body.
    -19 A limb of the body.
    -2 A royal elephant.
    -21 An army; Mb.2. 16.7.
    -22 A wall.
    -23 Opposition.
    -24 Rejoinder, reply.
    -25 A mass, quantity (when in composition with words meaning 'hair'); केशपक्षः; cf. हस्त.
    -26 Place, position.
    -27 A view, notion, idea.
    -28 The side of an equation in a primary division.
    -29 The ash-pit of a fire-place.
    -3 Proximity, neighbourhood.
    -31 A bracket.
    -32 Purity, perfection.
    -33 A house.
    -34 The sun (according to Sāyaṇa); सा पक्ष्या नव्यमायु- र्दधाना Rv.3.53.16.
    -Comp. -अध्यायः logic, casuistry.
    -अन्तः 1 the 15th day of either half month, i. e. the day of new or full moon.
    -2 the end of the wings of an army.
    -अन्तरम् 1 another side.
    -2 a different side or view of an argument.
    -3 another supposition.
    -अवसरः = पक्षान्त q. v.
    -आघातः 1 palsy or paralysis of one side, hemiplegia.
    -2 refutation of an argument.
    -आभासः 1 a fallacious argument.
    -2 a false plaint.
    -आहारः eating food only once in a fortnight; सुपुत्रदारो हि मुनिः पक्षाहारो बभूव ह Mb.3.26.5.
    -उद्ग्राहिन् a. showing partiality, adopting a side.
    -गम a. flying.
    -ग्रहणम् choosing a party; taking the side of.
    -घातः =
    -पक्षाघातः see above.
    -घ्न a. (a house) wanting a side.
    -चरः 1 an elephant strayed from the herd.
    -2 the moon.
    -3 an attendant.
    -छिद् m. an epithet of Indra (clipper of the wings of mountains); क्रुद्धे$पि पक्षच्छिदि वृत्रशत्रौ Ku.1.2.
    -जः the moon.
    -द्वयम् 1 both sides of an argument.
    -2 'a couple of fortnights', i. e. a month.
    -द्वारम् a side- door, private entrance.
    -धर a.
    1 winged.
    -2 adhering to the party of one, siding with any one.
    (-रः) 1 a bird.
    -2 the moon.
    -3 a partisan.
    -4 an elephant strayed from the herd.
    -नाडी a quill.
    -निक्षेपः the placing on the side of, counting among.
    -पातः 1 siding with any one; यद् दुर्योधनपक्षपातसदृशं कर्म Ve.3.5.
    -2 liking, desire, love, affection (for a thing); भवन्ति भव्येषु हि पक्षपाताः Ki.3.12; U.5.17; रिपुपक्षे बद्धः पक्षपातः Mu.1.
    -3 attachment to a party, partisanship, partiality; पक्षपातमत्र देवी मन्यते M.1; सत्यं जना वच्मि न पक्षपातात् Bh.1.47.
    -4 falling of wings, the moulting of birds.
    -5 a partisan.
    -पातिता, -त्वम् 1 partisanship, adherence to a side or party.
    -2 friendship, fellowship.
    -3 movement of the wings; न परं पथि पक्षपातिता$नवलम्बे किमु मादृशे$पि सा N.2.52.
    -पातिन् a. or subst.
    1 siding with, adhering to, a party, attached or partial (to a particular cause); पक्षपातिनो देवा अपि पाण्डवानाम् Ve.3.
    -2 sympathizing; Ve.3.
    -3 a follower, partisan, friend; यः सुरपक्षपाती V.1.
    -पालिः a private door.
    -पुटः a wing.
    -पोषण a. factious, promoting quarrels.
    -प्राप्तानुवादः a case of the description of a thing which admits of two alternatives (cf. Daṇḍaviveka G. O. S.52, p.21.).
    -बिन्दुः a heron.
    -भागः 1 the side or flank.
    -2 especially, the flank of an elephant.
    -भुक्ति f. the course traversed by the sun in a fortnight.
    -भेदः a. distinction between two sides of an argument.
    -रात्रिः a kind of play or sport.
    -वञ्चितकम् a particular position of hands in dancing.
    -वधः para- lysis of one side.
    -मूलम् the root of a wing; उल्लास- पल्लवितकोमलपक्षमूलाः (चकोराः) Bv.2.99.
    -रचना forming a party or faction.
    -वादः 1 an exparte statement.
    -2 stating a case, expression of opinion.
    -वाहनः a bird.
    -व्यापिन् a.
    1 embracing the whole of an argument.
    -2 pervading the minor term.
    -हत a. paralysed on one side; दृष्ट्वा कुणीन् पक्षहतान् Mb.12.18.39.
    -हरः 1 a bird.
    -2 a recreant, traitor.
    -होमः 1 a sacrificial rite lasting for a fortnight.
    -2 a rite to be performed every fortnight.

    Sanskrit-English dictionary > पक्षः _pakṣḥ

  • 7 Graham, George

    SUBJECT AREA: Horology
    [br]
    b. c.1674 Cumberland, England
    d. 16 November 1751 London, England
    [br]
    English watch-and clockmaker who invented the cylinder escapement for watches, the first successful dead-beat escapement for clocks and the mercury compensation pendulum.
    [br]
    Graham's father died soon after his birth, so he was raised by his brother. In 1688 he was apprenticed to the London clockmaker Henry Aske, and in 1695 he gained his freedom. He was employed as a journeyman by Tompion in 1696 and later married his niece. In 1711 he formed a partnership with Tompion and effectively ran the business in Tompion's declining years; he took over the business after Tompion died in 1713. In addition to his horological interests he also made scientific instruments, specializing in those for astronomical use. As a person, he was well respected and appears to have lived up to the epithet "Honest George Graham". He befriended John Harrison when he first went to London and lent him money to further his researches at a time when they might have conflicted with his own interests.
    The two common forms of escapement in use in Graham's time, the anchor escapement for clocks and the verge escapement for watches, shared the same weakness: they interfered severely with the free oscillation of the pendulum and the balance, and thus adversely affected the timekeeping. Tompion's two frictional rest escapements, the dead-beat for clocks and the horizontal for watches, had provided a partial solution by eliminating recoil (the momentary reversal of the motion of the timepiece), but they had not been successful in practice. Around 1720 Graham produced his own much improved version of the dead-beat escapement which became a standard feature of regulator clocks, at least in Britain, until its supremacy was challenged at the end of the nineteenth century by the superior accuracy of the Riefler clock. Another feature of the regulator clock owed to Graham was the mercury compensation pendulum, which he invented in 1722 and published four years later. The bob of this pendulum contained mercury, the surface of which rose or fell with changes in temperature, compensating for the concomitant variation in the length of the pendulum rod. Graham devised his mercury pendulum after he had failed to achieve compensation by means of the difference in expansion between various metals. He then turned his attention to improving Tompion's horizontal escapement, and by 1725 the cylinder escapement existed in what was virtually its final form. From the following year he fitted this escapement to all his watches, and it was also used extensively by London makers for their precision watches. It proved to be somewhat lacking in durability, but this problem was overcome later in the century by using a ruby cylinder, notably by Abraham Louis Breguet. It was revived, in a cheaper form, by the Swiss and the French in the nineteenth century and was produced in vast quantities.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    FRS 1720. Master of the Clockmakers' Company 1722.
    Bibliography
    Graham contributed many papers to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, in particular "A contrivance to avoid the irregularities in a clock's motion occasion'd by the action of heat and cold upon the rod of the pendulum" (1726) 34:40–4.
    Further Reading
    Britten's Watch \& Clock Maker's Handbook Dictionary and Guide, 1978, rev. Richard Good, 16th edn, London, pp. 81, 84, 232 (for a technical description of the dead-beat and cylinder escapements and the mercury compensation pendulum).
    A.J.Turner, 1972, "The introduction of the dead-beat escapement: a new document", Antiquarian Horology 8:71.
    E.A.Battison, 1972, biography, Biographical Dictionary of Science, ed. C.C.Gillespie, Vol. V, New York, 490–2 (contains a résumé of Graham's non-horological activities).
    DV

    Biographical history of technology > Graham, George

  • 8 Phillips, Edouard

    [br]
    b. 21 May 1821 Paris, France
    d. 14 December 1889 Pouligny-Saint-Martin, France
    [br]
    French engineer and mathematician who achieved isochronous oscillations of a balance by deriving the correct shape for the balance spring.
    [br]
    Phillips was educated in Paris, at the Ecole Polytechnic and the Ecole des Mines. In 1849 he was awarded a doctorate in mathematical sciences by the University of Paris. He had a varied career in industry, academic and government institutions, rising to be Inspector- General of Mines in 1882.
    It was well known that the balance of a watch or chronometer fitted with a simple spiral or helical spring was not isochronous, i.e. the period of the oscillation was not entirely independent of the amplitude. Watch-and chronometer-makers, notably Breguet and Arnold, had devised empirical solutions to the problem by altering the curvature of the end of the balance spring. In 1858 Phillips was encouraged to tackle the problem mathematically, and two years later he published a complete solution for the helical balance spring and a partial solution for the more complex spiral spring. Eleven years later he was able to achieve a complete solution for the spiral spring by altering the curvature of both ends of the spring. Phillips published a series of typical curves that the watch-or chronometer-maker could use to shape the ends of the balance spring.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Académie des Sciences 1868. Chairman, Jury on Mechanics, Universal Exhibition 1889.
    Bibliography
    1861, "Mémoire sur l'application de la Théorie du Spiral Réglant", Annales des Mines 20:1–107.
    1878, Comptes Rendus 86:26–31.
    An English translation (by J.D.Weaver) of both the above papers was published by the Antiquarian Horological Society in 1978 (Monograph No. 15).
    Further Reading
    J.D.Weaver, 1989, "Edouard Phillips: a centenary appreciation", Horological Journal 132: 205–6 (a good short account).
    F.J.Britten, 1978, Britten's Watch and Clock Maker's Handbook, 16th edn, rev. R Good (a description of the practical applications of the balance spring).
    DV

    Biographical history of technology > Phillips, Edouard

  • 9 Nature

       To Newtonians, each question had its singular answer, one that would remain the same no matter who asked it, or why. But now, the uncertainty that undercuts every measurement of some fact in the real world compels the observer to choose which question to ask, which aspect of a phenomenon to study.
       The necessity of choice became overwhelmingly apparent when Heisenberg elevated uncertainty to a principle in quantum mechanics in 1927, having recognized that on the subatomic level the observer had to emphasize only one of a pair of properties to study at any one time. In one of the prominent interpretations of quantum mechanics, the idea took on a larger meaning: that in choosing what to study, the scientist in effect creates the object of his inquiry.... The impossibility of constructing a complete, accurate quantitative description of a complex system forces observers to pick which aspects of the system they most wish to understand....
       What one studies from among this wealth of choice depends on what one wants to know; the questions create-or at least determine-the range of possible answers. No such answer can be completely "true": instead of saying "This is what nature is like," they can claim only, "This is what nature seems like from here"-a vastly diminished claim from that of Newton. The critical issue raised by such subjectivity is how to decide what value each partial answer has, what connection it actually makes between the real world and our understanding of it. The object of study, the focus of much of modern science, has therefore shifted inward, to examine not nature itself but rather to study the abstract representations of nature, the choices made of what to leave in and what to drop out of any given study. (Levenson, 1995, pp. 228-229)

    Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Nature

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