-
1 Parkes, Alexander
[br]b. 29 December 1813 Birmingham, Englandd. 29 June 1890 West Dulwich, England[br]English chemist and inventor who made the first plastic material.[br]After serving apprentice to brassfounders in Birmingham, Parkes entered Elkington's, the celebrated metalworking firm, and took charge of their casting department. They were active in introducing electroplating and Parkes's first patent, of 1841, was for the electroplating of works of art. The electrodeposition of metals became a lifelong interest.Notably, he achieved the electroplating of fragile objects, such as flowers, which he patented in 1843. When Prince Albert visited Elkington's, he was presented with a spider's web coated with silver. Altogether, Parkes was granted sixty-six patents over a period of forty-six years, mainly relating to metallurgy.In 1841 he patented a process for waterproofing textiles by immersing them in a solution of indiarubber in carbon disulphide. Elkingtons manufactured such fabrics until they sold the process to Mackintosh Company, which continued making them for many years. While working for Elkingtons in south Wales, Parkes developed the use of zinc for desilvering lead. He obtained a patent in 1850 for this process, which was one of his most important inventions and became widely used.The year 1856 saw Parkes's first patent on pyroxylin, later called Xylonite or celluloid, the first plastic material. Articles made of Parkesine, as it came to be called, were shown at the International Exhibition in London in 1862, and he was awarded a medal for his work. Five years later, Parkesine featured at the Paris Exhibition. Even so, Parkes's efforts to promote the material commercially, particularly as a substitute for ivory, remained stubbornly unsuccessful.[br]Bibliography1850, British patent no. 13118 (the desilvering of lead). 1856, British patent no. 235 (the first on Parkesine).1865, Parkes gave an account of his invention of Parkesine in J.Roy.Arts, (1865), 14, 81–.Further ReadingObituary, 1890, Engineering, (25 July): 111.Obituary, 1890, Mining Journal (26 July): 855.LRD -
2 Parkes-Verfahren
-
3 Parkes, New South Wales, Australia
Airports: PKEУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Parkes, New South Wales, Australia
-
4 австралийский радиотелескоп CSIRO Parkes
Astronautics: Australian CSIRO Parkes Radio TelescopeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > австралийский радиотелескоп CSIRO Parkes
-
5 процесс Паркеса
процесс Паркеса
Процесс, используемый для выделения драгоценных металлов из свинца и основанный на принципе, что, если от 1 до 2 Zn вводится в расплавленный свинец, смесь цинка с золотом и серебром может быть выделена.
[ http://www.manual-steel.ru/eng-a.html]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > процесс Паркеса
-
6 odsrebrzanie ołowiu cynkiem
• Parkes desilverizing process• zincingSłownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > odsrebrzanie ołowiu cynkiem
-
7 parkesowanie
• Parkes desilverizing process• zincing -
8 (р.) Боган
Australian slang: Bogan (в центральной части Нового Южного Уэльса ; истоки в горнорудном р-не ок. Паркса (Parkes); впадает в р. Дарлинг (Darling) или р. Барвон (Barwon)) -
9 Австралийская национальная радиоастрономическая обсерватория
General subject: Australian National Radio Astronomy Observatory (; занимается изучением квазаров и пульсаров, участвует в программе космических исследований США. Основана в 1961; Parkes; находится в Парксе)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Австралийская национальная радиоастрономическая обсерватория
-
10 Паркса-Вебера
-
11 австралийская радиообсерватория Паркса
Astronautics: Australian Parkes Radio ObservatoryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > австралийская радиообсерватория Паркса
-
12 Боган
-
13 Паркс
( Австралия) Parkes -
14 zincaggio
-
15 древесница, пуэрто-риканская
—1. LAT Dendroica angelae ( Kepler et Parkes)2. RUS пуэрто-риканский лесной певун m, пуэрто-риканская древесница f3. ENG Puerto Rico [elfin woods] warbler4. DEU Angelawaldsänger m5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > древесница, пуэрто-риканская
-
16 певун, пуэрто-риканский лесной
—1. LAT Dendroica angelae ( Kepler et Parkes)2. RUS пуэрто-риканский лесной певун m, пуэрто-риканская древесница f3. ENG Puerto Rico [elfin woods] warbler4. DEU Angelawaldsänger m5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > певун, пуэрто-риканский лесной
-
17 Chemical technology
-
18 Elkington, George Richard
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 17 October 1801 Birmingham Englandd. 22 September 1865 Pool Park, Denbighshire, England[br]English pioneer in electroplating.[br]He was apprenticed to his uncles, makers of metalware, in 1815 and showed such aptitude for business that he was taken into partnership. On their deaths, Elkington assumed sole ownership of the business. In conjunction with his cousin Henry (1810–52), by unrelenting enterprise, he established an industry for electroplating and electrogilding. Up until c.1840, silver-plated goods were produced by rolling or soldering thin sheets of silver to a base metal, such as copper. Back in 1801, the English chemist William Wollaston had deposited one metal upon another by means of an electric current generated from a voltaic pile or battery. In the 1830s, certain inventors, such as Bessemer used this result to produce plated articles and these efforts in turn induced the Elkingtons to apply the method in their trade. In 1836 and 1837 they took out patents for "mercurial gilding", and one patent of 1838 refers to a separate electric current. In 1840 they bought from John Wright, a Birmingham surgeon, his discovery of what proved to be the best electroplating solution: namely, solutions of cyanides of gold and silver in potassium cyanide. They also purchased rights to use the electric machine invented by J.S. Woolrich. Armed with these techniques, the Elkingtons produced in their large new works in Newhall Street a wide range of gold-and silver-plated decorative and artistic ware. Henry was particularly active on the artistic side of the business, as was their employee Alexander Parkes. For some twenty-five years, Britain enjoyed a virtual monopoly of this kind of ware, due largely to the enterprise of the Elkingtons, although by the end of the century rising tariffs had closed many foreign markets and the lead had passed to Germany. George spent all his working life in Birmingham, taking some part in the public life of the city. He was a governor of King Edward's Grammar School and a borough magistrate. He was also a caring employer, setting up houses and schools for his workers.[br]Bibliography1864, Journal of the Royal Society for Arts (29 January).LRDBiographical history of technology > Elkington, George Richard
-
19 Hyatt, John Wesley
[br]b. 28 November 1837 Starkey, New York, USAd. 10 May 1920 Short Hills, New Jersey, USA[br]American inventor and the first successful manufacturer of celluloid.[br]Leaving school at the age of 16, Hyatt spent ten years in the printing trade, demonstrating meanwhile a talent for invention. The offer of a prize of $10,000 for finding a substitute for ivory billiard balls stimulated Hyatt to experiment with various materials. After many failures, he arrived at a composition of paper flock, shellac and collodion, which was widely adopted. Noting the "skin" left after evaporating collodion, he continued his experiments, using nitrocellulose as a base for plastic materials, yet he remained largely ignorant of both chemistry and the dangers of this explosive substance. Independently of Parkes in England, he found that a mixture of nitrocellulose, camphor and a little alcohol could, by heating, be made soft enough to mould but became hard at room temperature. Hyatt's first patent for the material, celluloid, was dated 12 July 1870 (US pat. 105338) and was followed by many others for making domestic and decorative articles of celluloid, replacing more expensive natural materials. Manufacture began at Albany in the winter of 1872–3. In 1881 Hyatt and his brother Isiah Smith floated the Hyatt Pure Water Company. By introducing purifying coagulants into flowing water, they avoided the expense and delay of allowing the water to settle in large tanks before filtration. Many towns and paper and woollen mills adopted the new process, and in 1891 it was introduced into Europe. During 1891–2, Hyatt devised a widely used type of roller bearing. Later inventions included a sugar-cane mill, a multistitch sewing machine and a mill for the cold rolling and straightening of steel shafts. It was characteristic of Hyatt's varied inventions that they achieved improved results at less expense.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociety of Chemical Industry Perkin Medal 1914.Bibliography12 July 1870, US patent no. 105,338 (celluloid).Further ReadingObituary, 1920, Chem. Metal. Eng. (19 May).J. Soc. Chem. Ind. for 16 March 1914 and J. Ind. Eng. Chem. for March 1914 carried accounts of Hyatt's achievements, on the occasion of his award of the Perkin Medal of the Society of Chemical Industry in that year.LRD -
20 Synthetic materials
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Parkes — may refer to:* Sir Henry Parkes, Australian politician and Father of Federation There are also several things named after him:* Parkes, New South Wales, a regional town * Parkes Observatory, a radio telescope near Parkes, New South Wales * Parkes … Wikipedia
Parkes — ist der Familienname folgender Personen: Alexander Parkes (1813−1890), englischer Metallurge und Erfinder Broc Parkes (* 1981), australischer Motorradrennfahrer Frank Kobina Parkes, ghanaischer Journalist und Autor Henry Parkes (1815–1896), aus… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Parkes — [pɑːks], Sir (seit 1877) Henry, australischer Politiker, * Stoneleigh (County Warwickshire, Großbritannien) 27. 5. 1815, ✝ Sydney 27. 4. 1896; ging 1839 nach Australien, gründete 1850 die radikalliberale Zeitung »Empire«, die er bis 1858… … Universal-Lexikon
Parkes — Parkes, Sir Henry, austral. Staatsmann, geb. 1815 als Sohn eines englischen Pächters in Stoneleigh (Warwickshire), gest. 27. April 1896 in Sydney, lernte in Birmingham das Eisengeschäft, wanderte 1839 nach Australien aus, gründete in Sydney die… … Meyers Großes Konversations-Lexikon
Parkes — Cette page d’homonymie répertorie les différents sujets et articles partageant un même nom. Patronyme Sir Henry Parkes, 1815–1896, était un homme politique australien; Harry Smith Parkes,1828 1885, était un diplomate britannique; Mike Parkes… … Wikipédia en Français
Parkes — I. /paks/ (say pahks) noun Sir Henry, 1815–96, Australian politician, born in England; contributed much to Australian federation. Henry Parkes worked as a bone and ivory turner before migrating with his wife to NSW in 1839. In Sydney he began… …
Parkes — ▪ New South Wales, Australia town, east central New South Wales, Australia, in the Lachlan River valley. Originally known as Bushman s, it was founded in 1862 as a reef and alluvial gold centre. It was renamed for Sir Henry Parkes, a state… … Universalium
Parkes — This very interesting medieval surname is Anglo Scottish, but of French origins. Recorded as Park and Parke, the patronymics Parkes, Parks and the rare occupational Parkman, it describes a person employed in or at a park . This was not an area of … Surnames reference
Parkes — Original name in latin Parkes Name in other language PKE, Parkes State code AU Continent/City Australia/Sydney longitude 33.1372 latitude 148.1759 altitude 335 Population 10026 Date 2013 06 25 … Cities with a population over 1000 database
Parkes — Admin ASC 2 Code Orig. name Parkes Country and Admin Code AU.02.16200 AU … World countries Adminstrative division ASC I-II
Parkes Observatory — The Parkes Observatory in New South Wales, Australia … Wikipedia