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1 par
* * *n.1) pair; tvenn pör skœða, two pair of shoes;2) paring, scrap.* * *n. [Lat. par], a pair, occurs in the 15th century; hann gaf mér tvenn pör skæða, two pairs of shoes, Skíða R.; par skó, Bs. i. 876; ganga með pörum, by pairs, Mar.: since freq., tvenn pör vetlinga, sokka, two pairs of gloves, socks.II. a paring, scrap; hann fleygði til hennar pörum ok beinum, Clar.:—the phrase, ekki par, ekki parið, not a paring, not a whit, Bs. ii. 254, 323, 341 (16th century); opt eru kvæða efnin rýr, ekki á stundum parið, Tíma R. (begin.): the word may have come into use in the 15th or 16th century. -
2 parði
a, m. a leopard, Al. 85. -
3 pár
* * *n.1) pair; tvenn pör skœða, two pair of shoes;2) paring, scrap.* * *n. crabbed writing, a scrawl: pára, að, to scrawl. -
4 par, samstæîa
-
5 pírum-pár
m. a scrawl; see pár. -
6 (kærustu)par
-
7 krot, pár
-
8 liî, par, tvíeyki
-
9 meîallag
-
10 undir venjulegu ástandi/eîlilegri getu
below par/not up to parÍslensk-ensk orðabók > undir venjulegu ástandi/eîlilegri getu
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11 Ása-Þórr
m. Thor the As ‘par excellence,’ Edda 14, Hbl. 52. -
12 FLJÓTA
* * *(flýt; flaut, flutum; flotinn), v.1) to float on the water (hann sá þar f. langskip tjaldat);2) to run, stream;3) fig. to float about, spread (of news);4) to be flooded, to flow (flaut í blóði gólf allt); flaut hann allr í tárum, he was bathed in tears.* * *pret. flaut, 2nd pers. flauzt; flautt scarcely occurs, pl. flutu; pres. flýt, pl. fljótum, pret. subj. flyti; part. flotinn; sup. flotið: [A. S. fleôtan; Engl. float; O. H. G. fliozan; Germ. fliessen; Dan. flyde; Swed. flyta]1. to float on the water; sá þar fljóta langskip tjaldat, Eg. 88; þar sem þat flaut í höfninni, 359; láta þeir f. skipit, Fms. x. 347; par sá þeir f. fyrir skip Þorvalds, Korm. 234; hverir láta fljóta fley við bakka, Hkv. 2. 4; flýtr meðan lifir en sökkr þegar dautt er, Rb. 352: in the saying, flýtr meðan ekki sökkr, a phrase answering to the Engl. sink or swim; fugla er f. á vatni, fowls that swim, Grág. ii. 346; þá flýtr hann til lands, floats ashore, Sks. 94; séðú hve flotinn flýtr, Skálda 163.β. metaph. to float about, spread, of news, Bs. ii. 143; láta orð f., Mar. 14; þat hefir flotið um þrjá bæi eðr fjóra, N. G. L. i. 141, Hom. 45.γ. reflex., láta fljótask, to drift, Sks. 133.2. to run, stream, of running waier; svá sem rennandi vötn f. at ýmissum uppsprettum, Fms. ii. 89: to form a pool, vötnin flutu fjórtán álna djúp, Stj. 58; með fljótandum tárum, with gushing tears, Mar.β. intrans. to be flooded; flaut hann allr í tárum, he was in floods of tears, Fms. x. 24; flutu í vatni augun klár, Pass. 2. 11; flaut í blóði gólf allt, the floor was flooded with blood, Eg. 217; jörðin flaut af hunangi, Stj. 453; ketillinn flýtr með feiti, Bs. ii. 135; flaut allt land af mönnum, Fms. viii. 400. -
13 hí-býli
n. pl., usually spelt thus or even híbíli (esp. in Cd. B. of Sks. 75, 96, 127 new Ed.); hýbýli, Fms. vii. 148, Fb. i. 254, ii. 238, 314, iii. 404; [the hí- answers to Germ. hei- in heirath; Ulf. heiv- in heivafrauja = a house-lady; A. S. hiwa; Engl. hive (in bee-hive); cp. O. H. G. hiwian and Hel. hiwa = a wife]:—a homestead, home; hús eru þrjú í hvers manns híbýlum, Grág. i. 459, ii. 196, 371; heima at híbýlum sínum, Js. 78; þar í hans híbýlum, Eg. 156, 194; ef þér eru hér kunnig híbýli, 236; í annarra manna híbýlum, Nj. 52; ganga um híbýli, to walk again, Landn. 107: allit., hús ok híbýli, house and home, Sks. 454: nú er par híbýlum á leið snúit, ok fara þeir til hvílu, Fb. iii. 404; þar vóru híbýli heldr dauflig eptir, Eb. 100 new Ed.COMPDS: híbýlabót, híbýlabragr, híbýlabrestr, híbýlaháttr, híbýlaprúðr. -
14 HUNDRAÐ
(pl. hundruð), n. hundred; tírœtt h. = 100; tólfrœtt h. = 120; hundruðum, by (in) hundreds; as value, one hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal; h. frítt, a hundred paid in cattle; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark-striped wadmal; hundrað silfrs, ? the silver value of 120 ells (= 20 ounces).* * *n. pl. hundruð; the form hund- (q. v.) only occurs in a few old compd words: [Goth. hunda, pl.; A. S. hund; O. H. G. hunt; the extended form in Hel. and old Frank, hundered; Germ. hundert; Dan. hundrede; Swed. hundra; the inflexive syllable is prob. akin to - ræðr in átt-ræðr]:—a hundred; the Scandinavians of the heathen time (and perhaps also all Teutonic people) seem to have known only a duo-decimal hundred (= 12 × 10 or 120); at that time 100 was expressed by tíu-tíu, cp. Ulf. taihun-taihund = ten-teen; Pal Vídalín says,—hundrað tólfrætt er sannlega frá heiðni til vor komið, en hið tíræða er líkast að Norðrlönd hafi ekki vitað af fyrr en Kristni kom hér og með henni lærdómr þeirrar aldar, Skýr. s. v. Hundrað (fine): but with the introduction of Christianity came in the decimal hundred, the two being distinguished by adjectives,—tólfrætt hundrað = 120, and tírætt hundrað = 100. But still the old popular duodecimal system continued in almost all matters concerned with economical or civil life, in all law phrases, in trade, exchange, property, value, or the like, and the decimal only in ecclesiastical or scholastic matters (chronology, e. g. Íb. ch. 1, 10). At the same time the word in speech and writing was commonly used without any specification of tírætt or tólfrætt, for, as Pal Vídalín remarks, every one acquainted with the language knew which was meant in each case; even at the present time an Icel. farmer counts his flocks and a fisherman his share (hlutr) by the duodecimal system; and everybody knows that a herd or share of one hundred and a half means 120 + 60 = 180. In old writers the popular way of counting is now and then used even in chronology and in computation, e. g. when Ari Frode (Íb. ch. 4) states that the year consists of three hundred and four days (meaning 364); the census of franklins given by the same writer (where the phrase is hundruð heil = whole or full hundreds) is doubtless reckoned by duodecimal, not decimal hundreds, Íb. ch. 10; and in the census of priests and churches taken by bishop Paul (about A. D. 1200) ‘tíræð’ is expressively added, lest duodecimal hundreds should be understood, Bs. i. 136. The Landn. (at end) contains a statement (from Ari?) that Iceland continued pagan for about a hundred years, i. e. from about 874–997 A. D. In the preface to Ólafs S., Snorri states that two duodecimal hundreds (tvau hundruð tólfræð) elapsed from the first colonisation of Iceland before historical writing began (i. e. from about A. D. 874–1115): levies of ships and troops are in the laws and Sagas counted by duodecimal hundreds, e. g. the body-guard of king Olave consisted of a hundred hirð-men, sixty house-carles and sixty guests, in all ‘two hundred’ men, i. e. 240, Mork. 126; the sons of earl Strút-Harald had a hundred men, of whom eighty were billetted out and forty returned, Fms. xi. 88, 89; hálft hundrað, a half hundred = sixty, Mork. l. c.2. a division of troops = 120; hundraðs-flokkr, Fms. vi. (in a verse).II. in indef. sense, hundreds, a host, countless number, see hund-, as also in the adverb, phrase, hundruðum, by hundreds (indefinitely), Fms. vi. 407, Þiðr. 275, 524: in mod. usage as adjective and indecl., except the pl. in -uð, thus hundruð ásauðum, Dipl. iv. 10.B. As value, a hundred, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells of the stuff wadmal, and then simply value to that amount (as a pound sterling in English). All property, real as well as personal, is even at present in Icel. taxed by hundreds; thus an estate is a ‘twenty, sixty, hundred’ estate; a franklin gives his tithable property as amounting to so and so many hundreds. As for the absolute value of a hundred, a few statements are sufficient, thus e. g. a milch cow, or six ewes with lambs, counts for a hundred, and a hundrað and a kúgildi (cow’s value) are equal: the charge for the alimentation of a pauper for twelve months was in the law (Jb. 165) fixed to four hundred and a half for a male person, but three hundred and a half for a female; cp. also the phrase, það er ekki hundrað í hættunni, there is no hundred at stake, no great risk! In olden times a double standard was used,—the wool or wadmal standard, called hundrað talið = a hundred by tale, i. e. a hundred and twenty ells as stated above, and a silver standard, called hundrað vegit, a hundred by weight, or hundrað silfrs, a hundred in silver, amounting to two marks and a half = twenty ounces = sixty örtugar; but how the name hundred came to be applied to it is not certain, unless half an örtug was taken as the unit. It is probable that originally both standards were identical, which is denoted by the phrase, sex álna eyrir, six ells to an ounce, or a hundred and twenty ells equal to twenty ounces (i. e. wadmal and silver at par); but according as the silver coinage was debased, the phrases varied between nine, ten, eleven, twelve ells to an ounce (N. G. L. i. 80, 81, 387, 390, passim), which denote bad silver; whereas the phrase ‘three ells to an ounce’ (þriggja álna eyrir, Sturl. i. 163, passim, or a hundred in wadmal equal to half a hundred in silver) must refer either to a double ell or to silver twice as pure: the passage in Grág. i. 500 is somewhat obscure, as also Rd. 233: the words vegin, silfrs, or talin are often added, but in most cases no specification is given, and the context must shew which of the two standards is there meant; the wool standard is the usual one, but in cases of weregild the silver standard seems always to be understood; thus a single weregild (the fine for a man’s life) was one hundred, Njála passim.2. the phrases, hundrað frítt, a hundred paid in cattle, Finnb. 236; tólf hundruð mórend, twelve hundred in dark striped wadmal, Nj. 225; hundrað í búsgögnum ok í húsbúningi, Vm. 65; hundraðs-gripr, hestr, hross, kapall, hvíla, sæng, rekkja, psaltari, etc., a beast, a horse, a bed, etc., of a hundred’s value, Am. 2, 10, Vm. 25, 39, 60, 153, Jm. 3, 30; hundraðs-úmagi, a person whose maintenance costs a hundred, Vm. 156; hundraðs virði, a hundred’s value, 68. For references see the Sagas and laws passim, and for more information see Mr. Dasent’s Essay in Burnt Njal.C. A hundred, a political division which in olden times was common to all Teut. nations, but is most freq. in old Swedish laws, where several hundreds made a hérað or shire; cp. the A. S. and Engl. hundred, Du Cange hundredum; old Germ. hunderti, see Grimm’s Rechts Alterthümer; the centum pagi of Caesar, Bell. Gall. iv. ch. 1, is probably the Roman writer’s misconception of the Teut. division of land into hundreds; this is also the case with Tacit. Germ. ch. 12: cp. the Swed. local names Fjaðrunda-land, Áttundaland, and Tíunda-land, qs. Fjaðr-hunda land, Átthunda land, Tíhunda land, i. e. a combination of four, eight, ten hundreds. The original meaning was probably a community of a hundred and twenty franklins or captains. This division is not found in Icel. -
15 KLAUF
* * *I)(pl. -ir), f.1) the cleft (between the toes);2) cloven foot (göltrinn svamm þar til af gengu klaufirnar);3) beast, head of cattle.* * *f., pl. klaufir, [A. S. cleâf; Engl. cleft, clove; Germ. klaue]:—a cloven foot, Stj. 316, 317; göltrinn svamm par til af gengu klaufirnar, Landn. 177; þeir rökðu þangat sem klaufirnar höfðu vitjað af hreinsfitjunum, Ó. H. 152: the cleft between the toes (= neip between the fingers), sár neðan í ilina ok skar út í klaufina við þumaltána, Sturl. iii. 68.2. a beast, a head of cattle; allar várar hjarðir, svá framt at eigi skal nokkur klauf eptir vera, Stj. 276; hjoggu á skip sín hverja klauf, Fms. viii. 380.3. gramm. an asyndeton, viz. two adjectives attached to one noun without a copula, Skálda 193.COMPDS: klaufagangr, klauflax, klaufrak, klauftroð. -
16 LYNG
(dat. lyngvi), n. ling, heather.* * *n., dat. lyngvi, Fm. 21, 28, 29, mod. lyngi; gen. pl. lyngva, Fms. v. 234 (in a verse), Eg. (in a verse); [A. S. and Engl. ling; Dan. lyng]:—ling, heather, not only in the English sense, but also of whortle on which berries grow; lyng is smaller than hrís, q. v.; skríða um lyng, Fms. vii. 251; lyng mikit var par ok ber á, there was much bush with berries on, O. H. L. 67, and so in mod. usage; whence hrútaberja-lyng, bláberja-lyng.COMPDS: lyngáll, lyngbakr, lyngfiskr, lynghnappa, lynghæns, lyngormr, lyngrif, lyngrunnr, lyngyrmlingr. -
17 pör
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18 SÁ
* * *I)(sú, þat), dem. pron.1) with a subst. that (sá maðr, sú kona); sá maðr, er Sóti heitir, that (or the) man who is named S.; with the suff. art.; sú ein er sagan eptir, er ek þori eigi þér at segja, that story alone is left which I dare not tell thee;2) such (varð sá fundr þeirra, at Egill felldi tvá menn); vil ek ok þat vita, hvárt nökkurr er sá hér, at, whether there be any (such) man here, who;3) preceding the art. with an a.; sá inn ungi maðr, that young man; hyrnan sú in fremri, the upper horn of the axe; sometimes leaving out the art. (sá ungi maðr; á því sama þingi);4) without subst., almost as a pers. pron.; maðr la skamt frá honum, ok var sá eigi lítill, and he was no small man; þar ríðr maðr, sá hefir skjöld mikinn, he has a large shield; with the relative part.; sá er sæll, er he is lucky, that.(sæ or sái, sera or søra, later saða; sáinn, later sáðr), v.1) to sow, with dat. (sá korni);2) to sow, stock with seed, with acc. (flestir bœndr seru jarðir sínar);3) fig. to throw broadcast, scatter, with dat. (sá gulli, silfri).from sjá.* * *1.fem. sú (neut. þat), demonstr. pron., see Gramm. p. xxi; an older form sjá is, esp. in old vellums, often used as common for masc. and fem. (sjá maðr, sjá kona), see the references below:—that.A. As adj.:I. with a subst. this, that; sá hlutrinn, Fins, xi. 129; sjá maðr, that man, Fs. 5, 102, 143, Fms. ii. 28, Grág. i. 74, Nj. 6; sjá bók, Íb. (fine); sá kostr, Nj. 1; sá salr, Vsp. 44; sá staðr, Fb. i. 31; sá bær, Dropl. 5; sjá sveinn, Hom. 50; sjá hverr, that cauldron, Gkv. 3. 9; sjá bragr, Fms. iv. 12 (in a verse); sjá fótr, Ó. H. (in a verse); sjá kylfa, Fms. xi. (in a verse); sjá byrðr, etc.:—placed after the noun, so giving emphasis, konungr sjá, Ó. H. 140; mær sjá, this maid, Nj. 2; minning sjá, Ld. 234; á sú, that water, 33:—with the reflex. particle er, sá er (he, she, that = which), þöll sú er stendr þorpi á, the pine ‘she that’ stands, i. e. which stands, Hm. 49; öld sú er, Fms. vi. 336 (in a verse): contracted sá’s, Hallfred (Fs.); sú’s = she that, Hkr. iii. 139 (in a verse); sá maðr er Sóti heitir, that man who is named Sóti, Nj. 5; er sá engi minn frændi at gangi í þetta mál, there is none of my kinsmen that …, 31; sá sem, he, she, that, Stj. 178, passim:—with the suff. article, sá dómarinn er allt veit, Barl. 32; var sá úkyrr hlutrinn er þat merkði, Fms. xi. 129; sú ein er sagan eptir, er ek þori eigi þér at segja, … sú er ok svá sagan, at mér er mest forvitni á at heyra …, this tale is just that which I should most like to hear, Fms. vi. 355.2. such; varð sá fundr þeirra, at Egill felldi tvá menn, Eg. 572; vera kann at enn sé sá ríkismunr, Eg.; hann er sá heilhugi, at …, Fb. ii. 318; hann er sá orðhákr, at …, Fms. vi. 372.II. with an adjective:1. in the indef. form; sjá móðr konungr, Og. 13, stands perh. alone in the whole literature, otherwise always,2. in the def. form, with the prefixed article inn; sá inn máttki munr, Hm.; sá inn góði maðr, that good man, Barl. 74; sá enn sami maðr, Fms. iv. 122; sá inn sæti postuli, Post.; hyrnan sú in fremri, Nj. 198; sá inn þriði, the third, Gm. 6:—leaving out the article, sjá óhreini andi, the unclean spirit, Fms. v. 172; sá ungi maðr, the young man, Hom. 114; sú ílla atkváma, 122:—at last ‘sá’ was simply used as the definite article the instead of the ancient hinn, sá vísasti klerkr, the wisest clerk, Bs. ii. 223; sá fegrsti vínviðr, the fairest vine, Art. 80 (see foot-note 25), this is esp. freq. in mod. usage, e. g. sá bleikhári Menelás, sá ráða-góði, sá ágæti Odysseifr, sú vitra Penelopa, sú árborna, rósfingraða Morgungyðja, etc., in Dr. Egilsson’s Translation of the Odyssey, as also in Vídal.B. As subst. used almost as a pers. pron. he, she (it), [cp. Engl. she; Germ. sie]; Slíðr heitir sú, she (it) hight Slid, Vsp. 42; en sá Brímir heitir, 43; ör liggr par, ok er sú (viz. ör) af þeirra örum, Nj. 115; samkunda, sú (viz. samkunda) var knýtt festum, Am. 1; skal tólptar-eiðr skilja, hvárt sjá eigi arf at taka, whether he is to inherit, Grág. i. 269; sömdu þeir þessa ráða-gjörð, at sjá (viz. ráðagörð) skyldi fram koma, Nj. 107: esp. ‘kostr’ understood, er þá sjá einn til, 227, Fms. vii. 265; þótti honum sá (viz. maðr) ærit hár er þat rúm var ætlað, Fs. 5; sjá mun vera sönn saga, Fms. ii. 87; sá (he) kemr í borgina, Þiðr. 11; sá er vel skygðr, 81; þar ríðr maðr, sá hefir skjöld mikinn, 101; sú er öll gulli búin, 189; almáttigr Guð, sá er einn í guðdómi, almighty God, he is one in Godhead, Fb. i. 30; sá (he) seðr oss með lífligu brauði, Hom. 59; sú var stjúp-dóttir konungsins, she was the king’s step-daughter; sá er sæll, er …, he is lucky, that …, Hm.; sú er há kona er þar fór, Nj. 200; sá yðar er sik lægir, he of you who lowers himself, Hom. 50; sá er ( he who) af öllum hug treystir Kristi, he that …, Hom.; sá er leyndr syndum sínum, and so in countless instances, old and mod., except that the mod. usage prefers sá ‘sem,’ sú sem.C. As adv. = svá, q. v.; skrímingr lítill sá, Ísl. ii. 46; landnyrðingr léttr sá, Fms. viii. 335.2.pres. sær, Gísl. 147, Edda i. 398 (in a verse of the 11th century), Edda (Ht. 52); but sáir, Gþl. 384; sár, Nj. 82; pret. söri, seri, Akv. 39, Hom. 67, Ó. H. 135, Edda 83, Fms. i. 9: in mod. usage, pres. sá, pret. sáði, part. sáð, of which the pret. sáði already occurs, 656 C. 32, Barl. 18, Fb. ii. 258: [A. S. sawan; Engl. sow; Germ. säben; cp. Lat. sero]:— to sow; ok sár hann niðr korninu, Nj. 82; karlar korni sá, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 170; sá akra, Stj. 225; um várit vildi hann sá, Landn. 35; bar út korn sitt ok seri, Hom. 67; korn hafði vaxit hvar sem sáð hafði verit, Fms. i. 92; sá sæði sínu, Barl. 18; sá niðr sæði, Fb. ii. 24; sá eilífu sáði, 656 C. 32; þá skal hann sá þá jörð, N. G. L. i. 39; er hann hafði þessu orða-sáði sáit í brjóst þeim, Fms. x. 236:—with acc., sá þar í Guðs orð, Barl. 18, but rare.2. metaph. to sow, throw broadcast; ætla ek at sá silfrinu, Eg. 765; hón seri því um gammann, Fms. i. 9; ok söri allt um götuna, Edda 83, Hkr. i. 42; berr Hávarðr í brott vörðuna, ok ser (i. e. sær) hvern stein, Gísl. 147; hann seri því eptir í slóðna, Ó. H. 135 (sáði, Fb. ii. 258, l. c.) -
19 tál-smuga
u, f. a treacherous hole to slip through; opt eru tæpar tálsmugur, Hallgr. -
20 TÚN
n.1) a hedged plot, enclosure, court-yard, homestead; gullu gæss í túni, the geese screamed in the yard;2) home field, home meadow (bleikir akrar, en slegin tún);3) town.* * *n. [a word widely applied and common to all Teut. languages; the Goth. is not on record; A. S. tûn; Engl. town; O. H. G. zûn; Germ. zaun; Norse tûn]:—prop. a hedge; this sense is still used in the Germ. zaun; but in Scandin. the only remnant seems to be the compd tun-riða (see B).II. a hedged or fenced plot, enclosure, within which a house is built; then the farm-house with its buildings, the homestead; and lastly, a single house or dwelling: in Norway tun is = Dan. gaards-plads, the quadrangle or premises annexed to the buildings; whereas ‘bö’ answers to the mod. Icel. ‘tún:’ in Norse deeds each single farm is called tún, í efsta túni í Ulfalda-stöðum, D. N. ii. 534: the same usage of the word town remains in Scotland, see Scott’s Waverley, ch. ix, sub fin.: many of the following examples run from one of these senses into the other; tefldu í túni teitir vóru, Vsp.; allir Einherjar Oðins-túnum í, Gm.; ok gullu við gæss í túni, Skv. 3. 29, Gkv. 1. 15; hér í túni, 2. 39; ok er þeir koma heim þá er Úlfr fóstri þeirra heima í túni fyrir, Fb. i. 133; jarls menn tóku skeið ór túninu, galloped out of the tún, Orkn. 416: this sense still remains in phrases as, ríða í tún, to arrive at a house, Nj. 23; cp. skal hann ei bráðum bruna í tún, bóndann dreymdi mig segir hún, Bb.; fara um tún, to pass by a house; þeir fóru um tún í Saurbæ, Bs. i. 647; þá fara þeir Ingi hér í tún, 648; í túni fyrir karldyrum, K. Þ. K.; tún frá túni, from house to house, Karl. 129, 138; þeir fá brotið skjaldþilit, ok komask út fram í túnit, ok þar út á riðit, Grett. 99 (Cod. Ub.); ok er þeir kómu á Ré, gengu þeir ór túni á veginn, fylktu þeir fyrir útan skíð-garðinn, Fms. vii. 324; borgir eða héruð eða tún, x. 237; borgir ok kastala, héruð ok tún, Karl. 444; fór ek um þorp ok um tún ok um héraðs-bygðir, Sks. 631.2. in Icel. a special sense has prevailed, viz. the ‘enclosed’ in-field, a green manured spot of some score of acres lying around the dwellings; bleikir akrar, slegin tún, Nj. 112; skal hann ganga út í tún at sín, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 209; var þá fluttr farmr af skipinu upp í tún at Borg, Eg. 163; um einn völl svá til at jafna sem eitt tún vítt vel ok kringlótt, Fms. vii. 97; látið hesta vára vera nærri túni, Lv. 44; í túninu í Mávahlíð, Eb. 58; í túninu í Odda mun finnask hóll nokkurr, Bs. i. 228, and so passim in old and mod. Icel. usage; thus tún and engiar are opposed.III. metaph. in poets; snáka tún, ‘snake-town,’ i. e. gold; reikar-tún, ‘hair-town’ i. e. the head, Lex. Poët.; bragar tún, the ‘town of song,’ i. e. the mind, the memory of men, Ad. (fine); mun-tún, the ‘mind’s town,’ i. e. the breast, Fas. i. (in a verse); mælsku tún, hyggju tún, the ‘speech town,’ ‘mind’s town,’ i. e. the breast. Lex. Poët.: in local names, but rare, Túnir: Túns-berg, in Norway; Sig-túnir, a place of victory, in Sweden; Tún-garðr, in Icel., Landn.B. COMPDS: túnannir, túnbarð, túnbrekka, túnfótr, túngarðr, túngöltr, túnhlið, túnkrepja, túnriða, túnasláttr, túnsvið, túnsvín, túnsækinn, túnvöllr.☞ The ancient Scandinavians, like other old Teutonic people, had no towns; Tacitus says, ‘nullas Germanorum populis urbes habitari satis notum est… colunt discreti ac diversi, ut fons, ut campus, ut nemus placuit,’ Germ. ch. 16. In Norway the first town, Níðarós, was founded by the two Olaves (Olave Tryggvason and Saint Olave, 994–1030), and this town was hence par excellence called Kaupang, q. v. But the real founder of towns in Norway was king Olave the Quiet (1067–1093); as to Iceland, the words of Tacitus, ‘colunt diversi ut fons, etc., placuit,’ still apply; 120 years ago (in 1752), the only town or village of the country (Reykjavík) was a single isolated farm. In the old Norse law, the ‘Town-law’ is the new law attached as an appendix to the old ‘Land-law.’
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