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81 консервированные продукты
1. canned goodsконсервы; консервированные продукты — canned goods
2. tinned goodsпродукты, реализуемые по утрам — morning goods
3. preserved foodРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > консервированные продукты
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82 лесная промышленность
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > лесная промышленность
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83 низкокачественные продовольственные продукты
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > низкокачественные продовольственные продукты
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84 общий объем промышленности
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > общий объем промышленности
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85 основная промышленность
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > основная промышленность
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86 отечественная промышленность
1. domestic industry2. home industryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > отечественная промышленность
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87 отрасль промышленности
1. branch of industry2. line of businessсфера деятельности; отрасль торговли; отрасль промышленности — line of business
3. line of industry4. sectorРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > отрасль промышленности
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88 пищевой
1. nutritional2. pabulary3. food4. alimentary5. eating -
89 покровительствуемая отрасль промышленности
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > покровительствуемая отрасль промышленности
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90 рыбная промышленность
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > рыбная промышленность
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91 сталелитейная промышленность
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > сталелитейная промышленность
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92 станкостроительная промышленность
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > станкостроительная промышленность
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93 строительная промышленность
1. building tradeторговля лесом; лесная промышленность — timber trade
2. construction engineering3. building industryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > строительная промышленность
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94 топливная промышленность
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > топливная промышленность
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95 трудоемкая промышленность
1. labour-consuming industry2. labour-intensive industryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > трудоемкая промышленность
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96 тяжелая промышленность
1. basic industry2. heavy industryРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > тяжелая промышленность
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97 угольная промышленность
1. coal industry2. coal mining3. coalminingРусско-английский большой базовый словарь > угольная промышленность
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98 Lumière, Auguste
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 19 October 1862 Besançon, Franced. 10 April 1954 Lyon, France[br]French scientist and inventor.[br]Auguste and his brother Louis Lumière (b. 5 October 1864 Besançon, France; d. 6 June 1948 Bandol, France) developed the photographic plate-making business founded by their father, Charles Antoine Lumière, at Lyons, extending production to roll-film manufacture in 1887. In the summer of 1894 their father brought to the factory a piece of Edison kinetoscope film, and said that they should produce films for the French owners of the new moving-picture machine. To do this, of course, a camera was needed; Louis was chiefly responsible for the design, which used an intermittent claw for driving the film, inspired by a sewing-machine mechanism. The machine was patented on 13 February 1895, and it was shown on 22 March 1895 at the Société d'Encouragement pour l'In-dustrie Nationale in Paris, with a projected film showing workers leaving the Lyons factory. Further demonstrations followed at the Sorbonne, and in Lyons during the Congrès des Sociétés de Photographie in June 1895. The Lumières filmed the delegates returning from an excursion, and showed the film to the Congrès the next day. To bring the Cinématographe, as it was called, to the public, the basement of the Grand Café in the Boulevard des Capuchines in Paris was rented, and on Saturday 28 December 1895 the first regular presentations of projected pictures to a paying public took place. The half-hour shows were an immediate success, and in a few months Lumière Cinématographes were seen throughout the world.The other principal area of achievement by the Lumière brothers was colour photography. They took up Lippman's method of interference colour photography, developing special grainless emulsions, and early in 1893 demonstrated their results by lighting them with an arc lamp and projecting them on to a screen. In 1895 they patented a method of subtractive colour photography involving printing the colour separations on bichromated gelatine glue sheets, which were then dyed and assembled in register, on paper for prints or bound between glass for transparencies. Their most successful colour process was based upon the colour-mosaic principle. In 1904 they described a process in which microscopic grains of potato starch, dyed red, green and blue, were scattered on a freshly varnished glass plate. When dried the mosaic was coated with varnish and then with a panchromatic emulsion. The plate was exposed with the mosaic towards the lens, and after reversal processing a colour transparency was produced. The process was launched commercially in 1907 under the name Autochrome; it was the first fully practical single-plate colour process to reach the public, remaining on the market until the 1930s, when it was followed by a film version using the same principle.Auguste and Louis received the Progress Medal of the Royal Photographic Society in 1909 for their work in colour photography. Auguste was also much involved in biological science and, having founded the Clinique Auguste Lumière, spent many of his later years working in the physiological laboratory.[br]Further ReadingGuy Borgé, 1980, Prestige de la photographie, Nos. 8, 9 and 10, Paris. Brian Coe, 1978, Colour Photography: The First Hundred Years, London ——1981, The History of Movie Photography, London.Jacques Deslandes, 1966, Histoire comparée du cinéma, Vol. I, Paris. Gert Koshofer, 1981, Farbfotografie, Vol. I, Munich.BC -
99 медеплавильная промышленность
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > медеплавильная промышленность
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100 полупроводниковая промышленность
Русско-английский новый политехнический словарь > полупроводниковая промышленность
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