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1 MÁLI
m.1) contract, agreement;2) wages, soldier’s pay; ganga á mála, to take service (with a foreign prince).* * *a, m. a contract, terms, agreement (= máldagi): fá þeim (i. e. the servants) slíkan stað ok mála sem þar var er bóndi andaðisk, Grág. i. 473; máli konu, a woman’s share, dowry, Gþl. 256; handsala mála, ef bóndi vill eigi halda mála við leigumann sinn …, en ef leigu-maðr vill eigi halda mála bónda, 512, 513.II. a claim or title to an estate or property; hann átti mála á Mýralandi, Bs. i. 658; ef hann á mála á jörðu, en ef eigi er máli tekinn, … of maðr deyr ok hefir eigi innt mála sinn, N. G. L. i. 241: a title, claim, Grág. ii. 234; lög-máli, leign-máli (q. v.), lands-máli, skil-máli, a stipulation.III. a soldier’s pay, service for hire; ganga á mála, to take service as a soldier with a foreign prince, Nj. 121; gjalda mála, MS. 4. 32; Aðalsteinn konungr gaf mála þeim mönnum öllum er þat vildu hafa til féfangs sér, Eg. 264; þeir (the Norsemen) höfðu þar þrjú hundruð sinna manna, þeirra er mála tóku af konungi, 266; gékk hann þar á mála með sína sveit, Fms. vi. 134; til hvers skal ek honum lengr þjóna er ek fær eigi mála minn falslausan, … fáit Halldóri mála sinn skíran, 245; hann (the king) var kallaðr hinn mildi ok hinn matar-ílli, þvíat hann gaf í mála mönnum sínum jafnmikla gull-penninga sem aðrir konungar silfr-penninga, en hann svelti menn at mat, i. 1; Erlingr gaf þar mála með Magnúsi konungi, vii. 309; en er kom átti dagr Jóla, þá var mönnum gefinn máli, þat silfr var kallat Haralds-slátta, þat var meiri hluti koparr, en er Halldórr tók málann …, vi. 243.COMPDS: mála-gjöf and mála-gipt, f. pay for military service, Fms. v. 278, vi. 242, viii. 154, ix. 482, Orkn. 376. mála-gjöld, n. pl. payment of wages; ek á at greiða m. í dag griðkonum vórum, Valla L. 203: in the phrase, fá makleg málagjöld, to get the wages due, to be paid in full (in a bad sense): also in sing. of military pay, fyrir fórusk málagjöldin af konungi … ok er ein-dagi kom mála gjaldsins, Fb. ii. 123. mála-gull, n. gold in payment of máli, Fms. vi. 160. mála-jörð, f. = málaland, Gþl. 309, Js. 97. mála-kona, u, f. a woman who has a title or property of her own, D. N. ii. 232. mála-land, n. an estate burdened with a right of pre-emption, Grág. ii. 239. mala-lauss, adj. free from right of lögmáli, of an estate, Grág. ii. 240. mála-maðr, m. a man who receives pay, a soldier, Sks. 249, 257, Fms. xi. 185. mála-mundi, a, m. stipulation, Grág. i. 150. mála-silfr, m., cp. málagull, Fms. vi. 243. -
2 brúð-fé
n. a bride’s fee; cp. the ‘duty to the priest and clerk’ in the Engl. service; the bride’s fee is mentioned in the beautiful heathen poem Þrymskviða (our chief authority in these matters), 29, 32; where it is a fee or gift of the bride to the giant maid. It seems to be a fee paid by the guests for attendance and waiting. Unfortunately there is a lacuna in verse 29, the last part of which refers to the bekkjargjöf (vide 57); the poem is only left in a single MS. and the text cannot be restored. It is carious that Þkv. 32 calls this fee ‘shillings,’ cp. Germ. braut schilling (Grimm); it shews that the bride’s fee was paid in small pieces of money. -
3 reiða
I)(-dda, -ddr), v.1) to cary on horseback; hverr reiddi yðr yfir Markarfljót, who put you across M.?;2) reiða e-t um (of) öxl, to carry a thing (poised) on one’s shoulder (heinn hafði hann fyrir vápn ok reiddi of öxl);3) to make one rock, shake, push (reiðit hana af baki, svá at hún falli í lœkinn ofan);4) to toss, of wind and waves (bátinn undir honum reiddi vindr ok straumr norðr með landi); impers. to be tossed about (reiddi þá ymsa vega); tók þá at r. saman skipin, the ships began to drive against one another; e-u reiðir e-n veg af, it ends (turns out) in a certain way (vóru þá margir hræddir um, hversu af mundi r.);5) to carry about, spread abroad (kann vera, at þeir menn reiði orð mín úvitrlig fyrir alþýðu);6) to brandish, swing, raise in the air (hann greip øxina ok reiddi upp);7) to weigh in a balance (r. silfr, fé);8) to pay (r. fé af hendi, r. verð fyrir e-t).f.1) attendance, service (vist ok öll r.); vinna e-m reiðu, to serve, attend;2) accomodation (á þeim skógi var svá hörð reiðan þeirra, at ekki var at eta, nema börk af viði);3) vera til reiðu, to be ready at hand (til reiðu er yðr hér vetrvist); konungr lét þat þegar til reiðu, the king granted that at once;4) henda reiður á e-u, to notice, heed (jarl spurði, hvert hann fœri þaðan; þeir kváðust eigi reiður hafa á hent).* * *u, f. implements, an outfit; kveðja matar ok allrar reiðu er hann skal hafa á þingi, Grág. i. 133, ii. 54, 55; hafi hann þá reiðu með sér, er barn megi skúa, K. Þ. K. 6; Eyjarskeggjar fengu skipverjum þá reiðu sem þeir þurftu at hafa til brautferðar, Post. 656 C. 23; var svá hörð reiðan þeirra, at ekki var at eta nema börkr af viði ok safi. Fms. viii. 32; vistin ok reiðan, 440, v. l.; skip-r., berserkja-r., Hornklofi: allit., róð ok reiðu, rudder and rigging, of a ship; hence, rá ok reiði, Fms. ix. 36.2. attendance, service; vist ok öll reiða, Edda 69; vinna e-m reiðu, to serve, attend, Blas. 54; hón reis upp ór rekkju ok vann at nekkverju til reiðu sér, Bs. i. 353; hann lá þrjár nætr í sárum, ok fékk alla reiðu (= þjónustu), ok andaðisk, Sturl. i. 140.3. wages; þá hefir prestr fyrir-farit reiðu sinni þá tólf mánaðr, N. G. L. i. 135; krefja reiðu biskups, 7, 13 (prest-reiða).4. the phrase, til reiðu, ready on hand; konungr lét þat þegar til reiðu, the king gave it (paid it, had it ready) at once, Fms. i. 98, Stj. 131; þeir sögðu at þat var allt til reiðu með þeim sem hón þurfti at hafa. Fms. x. 103.5. affairs; sú (kona) er hann hefir engar reiður við áttar, Grág. i. 332.6. the phrase, henda reiður á e-u, to notice, heed; jarl spurði hvert hann færi þaðan, þeir kváðusk eigi reiður hafa á hent, Nj. 133, Fms. iii. 530; það er ekki að henda reiður á því, ‘tis untrustworthy, mere gossip.COMPDS: reiðubúinn, reiðugipt, reiðuliga, reiðuligr, reiðumaðr, reiðupenningar, reiðustóll. -
4 HÉRAÐ
n.1) district;* * *or hierat, n., pl. héruð or héröð, spelt hieroþ in the vellum, 656 C. 9, 673 A. 53, and in O. H. L. Cod. Upsal. hærað, see p. 113: [hérað is undoubtedly derived from herr (A. S. here), a host, and not from hér, here; the long vowel (é) is prob. caused by the characteristic j in her-r (herj-); so that hierað (hérað), through the after effect of the i sound, stands for heriað; cp. Dan. herred, Swed. härad: the Old Engl. and Scot. law term heriot may also be connected with the Scandin. word, in which case the original sense of hérað might be a tax to be paid to the lord in lieu of military service: the inflex. -að is derived from auðr, óðal, as has been suggested by the old commentators, e. g. Björn á Skarðsá]:—a county, district:1. in Sweden esp. the word had and still has a fixed legal sense, county, jurisdiction, or the like, cp. Swed. härads-höfding = justice of peace, härads-ting = assize, härads-fogde = bailiff: so in local names, e. g. Dan. Thy-herred in Jutland, Kvenna-hérað, Vetta-h., in Norway, Hálfs. S., Fb. iii.2. in Norway hérað, country, was usually opp. to bær, town, and answers to Icel. sveit in mod. usage; í bæ ok í héraði, D. N. iii. 35, 101; hérað eðr kaupstaði, Fms. vii. 187; í héraði né í kaupangi, N. G. L. ii. 39; allt þat er í kaupangi er gört þá skal þat at kaupangrs-rétti sækja, en allt þat er í héraði er gört millum héraðs-manna ok bíar-manna, þá skal þat allt at héraðs-rétti sækja, N. G. L. ii. 88 and passim; ef maðr á hús í kaupangi en bæ í héraði, id.; cp. héraðs-dómr, -höldr, -kirkja, -menn, -prestr, -réttr, -þing, etc., below.3. in Icel. the sense varies, but is for the most part merely geographical, a district, valley, fjord, country, as bordered by mountains or within the same river-basin; thus the Skaga-fjörðr, Eyja-fjördr are each a hérað, and the former is specially so called, see Sturl. passim, Grett. 153 (hann sendi þegar eptir mönnum upp í Hérað); whence Héraðs-vötn, n. pl. Herad water, a river of that county, Landn.; so Fljótsdals-hérað, in the east of Icel., Hrafn. 2, 3; cp. þeir riðu ór héraði, Sturl. iii. 158; ef maðr ríðr um fjöll þau er vatnföll deilir af á millum héraða, Grág. (Kb.) ii. 61, 65; í héraði því (dale) er Reykja-dalr heitir, Sturl. i. 130.β. gener. a neighbourhood; Gunnarr reið um héraðit at bjóða mönnum, Nj. 49.4. generally a district; í Svíþjóð eru stór héruð mörg, Hkr. i. 5; í héraði því er Mesopotamia heitir, 623. 52; fjarlæg héruð, Fms. x. 374; sam-héraðs, within the same district; utan-héraðs, outside the district; innan-h., inside, passim; í öllum héruðum Gyðinga, 656 C. 9; í héraði því er á Fjóni heitir, Fms. xi. 43; Galilea-hérað, Campania-h., Cappadokia-h., Post., etc.B. COMPDS: héraðsbóndi, héraðsbót, héraðsbrestr, héraðsbygð, héraðsdeild, héraðsdómr, héraðsfleygr, héraðsflótti, héraðsfundr, héraðsfærsla, héraðshæfr, héraðshöfðingi, héraðshöldr, héraðsíseta, héraðskirkja, héraðskona, héraðskonungr, héraðslýðr, héraðsmenn, héraðsprestr, héraðsréttr, héraðsriddari, héraðsríkr, héraðsrækr, héraðssekr, héraðssekt, héraðssókn, héraðsstefna, héraðsstjórn, héraðstakmark, héraðsvist, héraðsvært, héraðsþing.
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