-
21 Actor
1.actor, ōris, m. [id.].I.One who drives or moves something:II. A.pecoris actor,
Ov. H. 1, 95:habenae,
a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—In gen. of every kind of action:B.ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,
id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:C.accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,
Cic. Part. 32;esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,
id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—D.In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:2.inventor, compositor, actor,
Cic. Or. 19.—A player, an actor:2.actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).Actor, ŏris, m.I.A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—II.An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308. -
22 actor
1.actor, ōris, m. [id.].I.One who drives or moves something:II. A.pecoris actor,
Ov. H. 1, 95:habenae,
a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—In gen. of every kind of action:B.ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,
id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:C.accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,
Cic. Part. 32;esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,
id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—D.In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:2.inventor, compositor, actor,
Cic. Or. 19.—A player, an actor:2.actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).Actor, ŏris, m.I.A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—II.An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308. -
23 Actoridae
1.actor, ōris, m. [id.].I.One who drives or moves something:II. A.pecoris actor,
Ov. H. 1, 95:habenae,
a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—In gen. of every kind of action:B.ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,
id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:C.accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,
Cic. Part. 32;esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,
id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—D.In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:2.inventor, compositor, actor,
Cic. Or. 19.—A player, an actor:2.actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).Actor, ŏris, m.I.A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—II.An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308. -
24 Actorides
1.actor, ōris, m. [id.].I.One who drives or moves something:II. A.pecoris actor,
Ov. H. 1, 95:habenae,
a slinger, Stat. Ach. 2, 419.—In gen. of every kind of action:B.ut illum efficeret oratorem verborum actoremque rerum,
Cic. de Or. 3, 15, 57 (a translation of the Homer. prêktêra ergôn, Il. 9, 443):Cato dux, auctor, actor rerum illarum fuit,
id. Sest. 28 fin.; so Caes. B. C. 1, 26; Nep. Att. 3, 2 al.—In judicial lang., one who brings an action, a plaintiff:C.accusatorem pro omni actore et petitore appello,
Cic. Part. 32;esp. of lawyers: Moloni Rhodio et actori summo causarum et magistro,
id. Brut. 89 fin.; so Hor. A. P. 369 al.—Also, one who conducts a suit, an advocate, Cic. Caec. 1.—Hence,At a later period, an agent or attorney; in gen., an administrator or manager or steward, overseer of property or an estate.—So in Tac.: actor publicus, he who administers the public property, Ann. 2, 30; 3, 67: actor summarum, a keeper of accounts or cashier, Suet. Dom. 11, and so often in the Dig.: sub actoribus, overseers (of a household), Vulg. Gal. 4, 2.—D.In rhetor. lang., one who delivers any oral discourse; and esp. one who delivers an oration, an orator:2.inventor, compositor, actor,
Cic. Or. 19.—A player, an actor:2.actores secundarum et tertiarum partium,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 15; so id. de Or. 1, 26; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 16 (cf. ago, II., and actio, II. C.).Actor, ŏris, m.I.A companion of Aeneas, Verg. A. 9, 500.—II.An Auruncan, ib. 12, 94; 96.—Hence, Actŏ-rĭdes, ae, patron. m., son or grandson of Actor: his son, Menoetius, Ov. F. 2, 39; his grandson, Patroclus, Ov. Tr. 1, 9, 29; id. M. 13, 273; Erithos, id. ib. 5, 79.—In plur.: Actŏrĭdae, i. e. Eurytus and Cleatus, sons of Actor, King of Phthia, id. ib. 8, 308. -
25 adsertor
I.A restorer of liberty.A.Lit.: adsertores dicuntur vindices alienae libertatis, Don. ad Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf.B.2. assero, I. A.: populo detrectante dominationem atque adsertores flagitante,
Suet. Caes. 80:Catoni gladium adsertorem libertatis extorque,
Sen. Ep. 13.—Trop., a defender, protector, deliverer, advocate:II.publicus adsertor dominis suppressa levabo Pectora,
Ov. R. Am. 73:senatūs adsertor,
Luc. 4, 214 (qui in libertatem defendis senatum, Schol.); Mart. 1, 53, 5:adsertores Camilli,
id. 1, 25; Suet. Galb. 9:dignitatis ac potentiae patriciorum,
id. Tib. 2:quaestionis,
he who carries an inquiry entirely through, is master of the subject, Macr. S. 7, 4.—He who claims or declares one to be a slave (cf. 2. assero, I. B.):cum instaret adsertor puellae,
Liv. 3, 46, and besides only id. 3, 47. -
26 adtributio
attrĭbūtĭo ( adt-), ōnis, f. [attribuo].I.The assignment of a money-debt (cf. attribuo, I.).A.Lit.:B.de attributione conficies,
Cic. Fam. 16, 24; id. Att. 15, 13, 5; so id. ib. 16, 1 and 3.—Trop.: Graeci Fatum... Nemesin vocant, quod unicuique attributio sua sit adscripta, i. e. his fate is meted out, App. de Mund. p. 754.—II.In gram., a predicate, attribute, = attributum ex his etiam attributionibus:sacer an profanus, publicus an privatus, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 38. -
27 ager
ăger, gri, m. [agros; Germ. Acker, Eng. acre, Sanscr. agras = surface, floor; Grimm conjectured that it was connected with ago, agô, a pecore agendo, and this was the ancient view; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 34 Müll., and Don. ad Ter. Ad. 3, 3, 47; so the Germ. Trift = pasture, from treiben, to drive].I.In an extended sense, territory, district, domain, the whole of the soil belonging to a community (syn.: terra, tellus, arvum, solum, rus, humus; opp. terra, which includes [p. 70] many such possessions taken together; cf.II.Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 694 sq.): Ager Tusculanus,... non terra,
Varr. L. L. 7, 2, 84:praedā atque agro adfecit familiares suos,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 38:abituros agro Achivos,
id. ib. 1, 53, 71:ut melior fundus Hirpinus sit, sive ager Hirpinus (totum enim possidet), quam, etc.,
Cic. Agr. 3, 2: fundum habet in agro Thurino, id. Fragm. ap. Quint. 4, 2, 131 (pro Tull. 14):Rhenus, qui agrum Helvetium a Germanis dividit,
Caes. B. G. 1, 2 Herz.:ager Noricus,
id. ib. 1, 5:in agro Troade,
Nep. Paus. 3:in agro Aretino,
Sall. C. 36, 1:his civitas data agerque,
Liv. 2, 16:in agro urbis Jericho,
Vulg. Josue, 5, 13.—In the Roman polity: ager Romanus, the Roman possessions in land (distinguished from ager peregrinus, foreign territory) was divided into ager publicus, public property, domains, and ager privatus, private estates; v. Smith's Dict. Antiq., and Nieb. Röm. Gesch. 2, 695 and 696; cf. with 153 sq.—In a more restricted sense.A.Improdued or productive land, a field, whether pasture, arable, nursery ground, or any thing of the kind; cf. Doed. Syn. 3, 7 sq.; 1, 71; Hab. Syn. 68, and Herz. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 13:* Of a piece of ground where vines or trees are planted, a nursery:agrum hunc mercatus sum: hic me exerceo,
Ter. Heaut. 1, 1, 94:agrum de nostro patre colendum habebat,
id. Phorm. 2, 3, 17:ut ager quamvis fertilis, sine culturā fructuosus esse non potest,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 5; id. Fl. 29:agrum colere,
id. Rosc. Am. 18:conserere,
Verg. E. 1, 73:agrum tuum non seres,
Vulg. Lev. 19, 19:(homo) seminavit bonum semen in agro suo,
ib. Matt. 13, 24; ib. Luc. 12, 16. —ut ager mundus purusque flat, ejus arbor atque vitis fecundior,
Gell.19, 12, 8.—Of a place of habitation in the country, estate, villa:B.in tuosne agros confugiam,
Cic. Att. 3, 15 (so agros, Hom. Od. 24, 205).—The fields, the open country, the country (as in Gr. agros or agroi), like rus, in opp. to the town, urbs (in prose writers generally only in the plur.), Ter. Eun. 5, 5, 2:C.homines ex agris concurrunt,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 44:non solum ex urbe, sed etiam ex agris,
id. Cat. 2, 4, 8:annus pestilens urbi agrisque,
Liv. 3, 6; id. 3, 32:in civitatem et in agros,
Vulg. Marc. 5, 14.—And even in opp. to a village or hamlet, the open field:sanum hominem modo ruri esse oportet, modo in urbe, saepiusque in agro,
Cels. 1, 1.—Poet., in opp. to mountains, plain, valley, champaign:D.ignotos montes agrosque salutat,
Ov. M. 3, 25.—As a measure of length (opp. frons, breadth):mille pedes in fronte, trecentos cippus in agrum Hic dabat,
in depth, Hor. S. 1, 8, 12. -
28 assertor
I.A restorer of liberty.A.Lit.: adsertores dicuntur vindices alienae libertatis, Don. ad Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 40; cf.B.2. assero, I. A.: populo detrectante dominationem atque adsertores flagitante,
Suet. Caes. 80:Catoni gladium adsertorem libertatis extorque,
Sen. Ep. 13.—Trop., a defender, protector, deliverer, advocate:II.publicus adsertor dominis suppressa levabo Pectora,
Ov. R. Am. 73:senatūs adsertor,
Luc. 4, 214 (qui in libertatem defendis senatum, Schol.); Mart. 1, 53, 5:adsertores Camilli,
id. 1, 25; Suet. Galb. 9:dignitatis ac potentiae patriciorum,
id. Tib. 2:quaestionis,
he who carries an inquiry entirely through, is master of the subject, Macr. S. 7, 4.—He who claims or declares one to be a slave (cf. 2. assero, I. B.):cum instaret adsertor puellae,
Liv. 3, 46, and besides only id. 3, 47. -
29 attributio
attrĭbūtĭo ( adt-), ōnis, f. [attribuo].I.The assignment of a money-debt (cf. attribuo, I.).A.Lit.:B.de attributione conficies,
Cic. Fam. 16, 24; id. Att. 15, 13, 5; so id. ib. 16, 1 and 3.—Trop.: Graeci Fatum... Nemesin vocant, quod unicuique attributio sua sit adscripta, i. e. his fate is meted out, App. de Mund. p. 754.—II.In gram., a predicate, attribute, = attributum ex his etiam attributionibus:sacer an profanus, publicus an privatus, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 1, 26, 38. -
30 B
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
31 b
B, b, indecl. n., designates, in the Latin alphabet, the soft, labial sound as in English, unlike the Gr. beta (B, b), which approached the Engl. v in sound; v. Corss. Ausspr. I. p. 124 sqq. At the beginning of words it represents an original dv or gv, and elsewhere an original gv, p, v, or bh ( v); v. Corss. Ausspr. I. pp. 134, 161. It corresponds regularly with Gr. b, but freq. also with p, and, in the middle of words, with ph; cf. brevis, brachus; ab, apo; carbasus, karpasos; ambo, amphi, amphô; nubes, nephos, etc.; v. Roby, Gram. I. p. 26; Kühner, Gram. § 34, 6. In Latin, as in all kindred languages, it was used in forming words to express the cry of different animals, as balare, barrire, baubari, blacterare, boare, bombitare, bubere, bubulare; children beginning to talk called their drink bua; so, balbus denoted the stammering sound, bambalio the stuttering, blatire and blaterare the babbling, blaesus the lisping, blandus the caressing. At the beginning of words b is found with no consonants except l and r (for bdellium, instead of which Marc. Emp. also wrote bdella, is a foreign word); but in the middle of words it is connected with other liquid and feeble consonants. Before hard consonants b is found only in compounds with ob and sub, the only prepositions, besides ab, which end in a labial sound; and these freq. rejected the labial, even when they are separated by the insertion of s, as abspello and absporto pass into aspello and asporto; or the place of the labial is supplied by u, as in aufero and aufugio (cf. ab init. and au); before f and p it is assimilated, as suffero, suppono; before m assimilated or not, as summergo or submergo; before c sometimes assimilated, as succedo, succingo, sometimes taking the form sus (as if from subs; cf. abs), as suscenseo; and sometimes su before s followed by a consonant, as suspicor. When b belonged to the root of a word it seems to have been retained, as plebs from plebis, urbs from urbis, etc.; so in Arabs, chalybs ( = Araps, chalups), the Gr. ps was represented by bs; as also in absis, absinthi-um, etc. But in scripsi from scribo, nupsi from nubo, etc., b was changed to p, though some grammarians still wrote bs in these words; cf. Prisc. pp. 556, 557 P.; Vel. Long. pp. 2224, 2261 ib. Of the liquids, l and r stand either before or after b, but m only before it, with the exception of abmatertera, parallel with the equally anomalous abpatruus (cf. ab init. and fin.), and n only after it; hence con and in before b always become com and im; as inversely b before n is sometimes changed to m, as Samnium for Sabinium and scamnum for scabnum, whence the dim. scabellum. B is so readily joined with u that not only acubus, arcubus, etc., were written for acibus, arcibus, etc., but also contubernium was formed from taberna, and bubile was used for bovile, as also in dubius ( = doios, duo) a b was inserted. B could be doubled, as appears not only from the foreign words abbas and sabbatum, but also from obba and gibba, and the compounds with ob and sub. B is reduplicated in bibo (cf the Gr. piô), as the shortness of the first syllable in the preterit bĭbi, compared with dēdi and stĕti or sti/ti, shows; although later bibo was treated as a primitive, and the supine bibitum formed from it. Sometimes before b an m was inserted, e. g. in cumbo for cubo kuptô, lambo for laptô, nimbus for nephos; inversely, also, it was rejected in sabucus for sambucus and labdacismus for lambdacismus. As in the middle, so at the beginning of words, b might take the place of another labial, e. g. buxis for pyxis, balaena for phalaina, carbatina for carpatina, publicus from poplicus, ambo for amphô; as even Enn. wrote Burrus and Bruges for Pyrrhus and Phryges; Naev., Balantium for Palatium (v. the latter words, and cf. Fest. p. 26).—In a later age, but not often before A.D. 300, intercourse with the Greeks caused the pronunciation of the b and v to be so similar that Adamantius Martyrius in Cassiod. pp. 2295-2310 P., drew up a separate catalogue of words which might be written with either b or v. So, Petronius has berbex for verbex, and in inscrr., but not often before A. D. 300, such errors as bixit for vixit, abe for ave, ababus for abavus, etc. (as inversely vene, devitum, acervus, vasis instead of bene, debitum, acerbus, basis), are found; Flabio, Jubentius, for Flavio, Juventius, are rare cases from the second century after Christ.—The interchange between labials, palatals, and linguals (as glans for balanos, bilis for fel or cholê) is rare at the beginning of words, but more freq. in the middle; cf. tabeo, têkô, and Sanscr. tak, terebra and teretron, uber and outhar; besides which the change of tribus Sucusana into Suburana (Varr. L. L. 5, § 48 Müll.; Quint. 1, 7, 29) deserves consideration. This interchange is most freq. in terminations used in forming words, as ber, cer, ter; brum or bulum, crum or culum, trum, bundus and cundus; bilis and tilis, etc.—Finally, the interchange of b with du at the beginning of words deserves special mention, as duonus for bonus, Bellona for Duellona, bellum for duellum, bellicus for duellicus, etc., and bis from duis.—As an abbreviation, B usually designates bonus or bene. Thus, B. D. = Bona Dea, Inscr. Orell. 1524; 2427; 2822:B. M. = bene merenti,
ib. 99; 114; 506:B. M. P. = bene merenti posuit,
ib. 255:B. D. S. M. = bene de se meritae,
ib. 2437:B. V. V. = bene vale valeque,
ib. 4816:B. M. = bonae memoriae,
ib. 1136; 3385:B. M. = bonā mente,
ib. 5033;sometimes it stands for beneficiarius, and BB. beneficiarii,
ib. 3489; 3868; 3486 al. -
32 cursoria
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33 cursorium
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34 cursorius
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35 fateor
fătĕor, fassus, 2 (archaic inf. praes. faterier, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 148), v. dep. a. [from the root PHA, phaô, fari], to confess, own, grant, acknowledge.I.Prop. (freq. and class.; syn.: confiteor, profiteor); construed for the most part with acc. and inf. as object; rarely with the acc., de, or absol.(α).With acc.:(β).si verum mihi eritis fassae, vinclis exsolvemini,
Plaut. Truc. 4, 3, 10: so,verum fateri,
Plin. 27, 1, 1, § 2; Curt. 6, 3:ut verius fatear,
Eum. Grat. Act. 1:quid fatebor?
Plaut. Capt. 3, 4, 3; 2, 2, 67:multi in tormentis mori maluerunt falsum fatendo quam infitiando dolere,
Cic. Part. 14, 50:peccatum, culpam,
Ov. Tr. 1, 315; Hor. S. 2, 4, 4:delicta,
Ov. M. 4, 685:mores suos,
Quint. 10, 1, 100:sensus suos,
Ov. H. 21, 204:paupertatem,
id. M. 8, 634 et saep.—Prov.:fatetur facinus, si quis judicium fugit,
Pub. Syr. 174 Rib.—With acc. and inf. as object:(γ).fateor atque etiam profiteor et prae me fero, te, etc.,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 5, 17:me despexe ad te per impluvium tuum, Fateor,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 6, 73:fateor eam esse importunam,
id. As. 1, 1, 47:si quis contra rem publicam se amici causa fecisse fateatur,
Cic. Lael. 12, 40: qui se debere fateantur, *Caes. B. C. 3, 20, 3:cum se Cicero ab illis plurimum fateatur adjutum,
Quint. 10, 1, 40:fateor me duci ventre,
Hor. S. 2, 7, 37:jura inventa metu injusti fateare necesse est,
id. ib. 1, 3, 111; id. Ep. 2, 1, 85:hominum igitur causa eas rerum copias comparatas fatendum est,
Cic. N. D. 2, 63, 158.—With ellips. of acc.:fateor peccavisse,
Plaut. Most. 5, 2, 18:non didici sane nescire fateri,
Hor. A. P. 418.—With two acc.:cum se servum fateatur tuum,
Ter. Eun. 5, 2, 24:eum (i. e. Jovem) ipsi lapides hominem fatebuntur,
Lact. 1, 11, 28:fassus hujus se spectaculi debitorem,
Sen. Contr. 1, 1, 11.—With de:(δ).cum de facto turpi aliquo aut inutili aut utroque fateatur,
Cic. Inv. 2, 26, 77.—Absol.:II.ita libenter confitetur, ut non solum fateri, sed etiam profiteri videatur,
Cic. Caecin. 9, 24: Me. Est tibi nomen Menaechmo? M. Fateor, Plaut. Men. 5, 9, 48:leno sum, fateor,
Ter. Ad. 2, 1, 34:non potest sine malo fateri,
id. Eun. 4, 4, 47:qui a Naevio vel sumpsisti multa, si fateris, vel, si negas, surripuisti,
Cic. Brut. 19, 76; cf. Quint. 5, 12, 13:nulline faterier audes?
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 148:in fatendo lenis et summissa (vox),
Quint. 11, 3, 63:ad fatendum impulsus,
id. 5, 13, 46:da veniam fasso,
Ov. P. 4, 2, 23; parenthetically: [p. 729] fateor, Plaut. Aul. 4. 4, 16:fatebor enim,
Verg. E. 1, 31; id. A. 4, 20; Ov. M. 9, 362 al.—Transf.A.In gen., to discover, show, indicate, manifest (rare; not in Cic.): Laterensis nostri et fidem et animum singularem in rem publicam semper fatebor, bear witness to, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 4; Quint. 1, 6, 23:B.innocentem fuisse patrem fatetur,
id. 7, 1, 56; 1, 10, 37:utque sedet vultu fassus Telamonius iram,
Ov. Tr. 2, 525:patinarum calore pisces vitalem motum fateri,
Plin. 9, 57, 83, § 177:mors sola fatetur, Quantula sint hominum corpuscula,
Juv. 10, 172; 15, 132:properabo fateri, quae, etc.,
id. 3, 59:Belus amnis non nisi refuso mari harenas fatetur,
Plin. 36, 26, 65, § 190.—In gram. lang.:► 1.fatendi modus,
the indicative, Quint. 1, 6, 7; Varr. L. L. 8, 5, 8.In pass. signif.:2.hunc (agrum) excipere nominatim, qui publicus esse fateatur,
Cic. Agr. 2, 21, 57 (dub.).—Impers.:vulgo fatebatur, utique minorem eum legasse,
Dig. 30, 1, 39, § 6. -
36 impossibilis
impossĭbĭlis ( inp-), e, adj. [2. inpossibilis], impossible (post-Aug.):impossibile aut potius infinitum est,
Quint. 5, 10, 18:impossibilia aggrediantur,
id. 5, 13, 34:nihil impossibile arbitror,
App. M. 1, p. 111:ut Herculi quasi impossibile imperaverit, ut, etc.,
Just. 2, 4; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 38:impossibile est, ut alveus fluminis publici non sit publicus,
Dig. 43, 11, 1 med.:condicio,
Gai. Inst. 3, 98. -
37 inpossibilis
impossĭbĭlis ( inp-), e, adj. [2. inpossibilis], impossible (post-Aug.):impossibile aut potius infinitum est,
Quint. 5, 10, 18:impossibilia aggrediantur,
id. 5, 13, 34:nihil impossibile arbitror,
App. M. 1, p. 111:ut Herculi quasi impossibile imperaverit, ut, etc.,
Just. 2, 4; App. Dogm. Plat. 3, p. 38:impossibile est, ut alveus fluminis publici non sit publicus,
Dig. 43, 11, 1 med.:condicio,
Gai. Inst. 3, 98. -
38 P
P, p, the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, the character for which is derived from the ancient form of the Greek II (P or P), as is shown by inscriptions and coins, which exhibit the P in these forms.The P -sound, like the K - and T -sounds, was not aspirated in the ancient language; whence the spelling TRIVMPE for triumphe, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.As an initial, P combines, in pure Latin words, only with the consonants l and r; the combinations pn, ps, and pt belong to words borrowed from the Greek, with the sole exception of the pron. suffix pte. — Hence it often disappears before t; as TOLOMEA, Inscr. Fabr. 9, 438.—It has also been dropped before l in the words lanx, Gr. plax; latus, Gr. platus; later, Gr. plinthos, linter, Gr. pluntêr, and others (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 114).—As a medial, its combination with s and t was so acceptable to the Latins that ps and pt are often put for bs and bt; so, OPSIDESQVE and OPTENVI in the Epitaphs of the Scipios; and so, too, in later inscrr.: APSENS, APSENTI, SVPSIGNARE, etc., and in MSS.—A final p occurs only in the apocopated volup.For the very frequent interchange of p and b, see under B.— P is put for v in opilio for ovilio, from ovis.—An instance of its commutation with palatals appears in lupus and lukos, and perhaps also spolium and skulon, spuma and O.H.G. scum, Germ. Schaum, as, on the other hand, equus and hippos, palumba and columba, jecur and hêpar; cf., also, the letter Q.—Its commutation with a lingual is shown in pavo and taôs, and perh. also in hospes and hostis. — P is assimilated to a following f in officina for opificina, and is altogether elided by syncope in Oscus for Opscus.—It is euphonically inserted between ms and mt: sumpsi, sumptum, hiemps for hiems; cf.: exemplum, templum, and late Lat. dampnum.—It is suppressed in amnis for ap-nis from apa = aqua.As an abbreviation, P denotes most frequently the prænomen Publius, but also stands for parte, pater, pedes, pia, pondo, populus, posuerunt, publicus, etc. P. C. stands for patres conscripti, patronus civitatis or coloniae, ponendum curavit, potestate censoriā, etc. P. M. pontifex maximus, patronus municipii, posuit merito. P. P. pater patriae, praepositus, primi pilus, pro parte. P. R. populus Romanus. P. S. pecunia sua. -
39 p
P, p, the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, the character for which is derived from the ancient form of the Greek II (P or P), as is shown by inscriptions and coins, which exhibit the P in these forms.The P -sound, like the K - and T -sounds, was not aspirated in the ancient language; whence the spelling TRIVMPE for triumphe, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.As an initial, P combines, in pure Latin words, only with the consonants l and r; the combinations pn, ps, and pt belong to words borrowed from the Greek, with the sole exception of the pron. suffix pte. — Hence it often disappears before t; as TOLOMEA, Inscr. Fabr. 9, 438.—It has also been dropped before l in the words lanx, Gr. plax; latus, Gr. platus; later, Gr. plinthos, linter, Gr. pluntêr, and others (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 114).—As a medial, its combination with s and t was so acceptable to the Latins that ps and pt are often put for bs and bt; so, OPSIDESQVE and OPTENVI in the Epitaphs of the Scipios; and so, too, in later inscrr.: APSENS, APSENTI, SVPSIGNARE, etc., and in MSS.—A final p occurs only in the apocopated volup.For the very frequent interchange of p and b, see under B.— P is put for v in opilio for ovilio, from ovis.—An instance of its commutation with palatals appears in lupus and lukos, and perhaps also spolium and skulon, spuma and O.H.G. scum, Germ. Schaum, as, on the other hand, equus and hippos, palumba and columba, jecur and hêpar; cf., also, the letter Q.—Its commutation with a lingual is shown in pavo and taôs, and perh. also in hospes and hostis. — P is assimilated to a following f in officina for opificina, and is altogether elided by syncope in Oscus for Opscus.—It is euphonically inserted between ms and mt: sumpsi, sumptum, hiemps for hiems; cf.: exemplum, templum, and late Lat. dampnum.—It is suppressed in amnis for ap-nis from apa = aqua.As an abbreviation, P denotes most frequently the prænomen Publius, but also stands for parte, pater, pedes, pia, pondo, populus, posuerunt, publicus, etc. P. C. stands for patres conscripti, patronus civitatis or coloniae, ponendum curavit, potestate censoriā, etc. P. M. pontifex maximus, patronus municipii, posuit merito. P. P. pater patriae, praepositus, primi pilus, pro parte. P. R. populus Romanus. P. S. pecunia sua. -
40 poplicus
poplĭcus, a, um, v. publicus.
См. также в других словарях:
PUBLICUS — in L. Longob. in LL. Luitprandi Regis et LL. Rachis, Iudex est publicus, de quo vide supra, in voce Iudex … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Publicus — (lat.), öffentlich … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
publicus — index common (shared), official, political, public (known) Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
PUBLICUS Equus — vide infra Transvectio … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
Ager publicus — Der ager publicus war in der römischen Republik das im Besitz des Staates – anfangs das Gemeindeland der Stadt Rom – befindliche Land, die auch hier ursprünglich übliche Form des Eigentums an Grund und Boden. Die immer wieder versuchte und… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ager Publicus — L’ager publicus doit être différencié de l’ager romanus. Littéralement, c est le territoire qui appartient au peuple romain contrairement à l’ager romanus qui appartient à Rome. Le Decemviri Agris Dandis Adsignandis était le collège de magistrats … Wikipédia en Français
Cursus publicus — Römische Reisekutsche Mit dem Begriff cursus publicus (lateinisch etwa: „staatliche Beförderung“) wird ein System zur Beförderung von Nachrichten, Gütern und Personen während der Römischen Kaiserzeit … Deutsch Wikipedia
Ager publicus — L’ager publicus doit être différencié de l’ager romanus. Littéralement, c est le territoire qui appartient au peuple romain contrairement à l’ager romanus qui appartient à Rome. Le Decemviri Agris Dandis Adsignandis était le collège de magistrats … Wikipédia en Français
Ager publicus — (ˈaɡɛr ˈpuːblɪkʊs, tierra pública) es el término latino para referirse a la tierra pública en la Antigua Roma. Normalmente, era adquirida por medio de la confiscación a los enemigos de Roma. Historia En los primeros momentos de la expansión… … Wikipedia Español
Ager publicus — The Ager publicus is the Latin language name for the public land of the Roman Republic and Empire. It was usually acquired by expropriation from Rome s enemies. In the earliest periods of Roman expansion in central Italy, the ager publicus was… … Wikipedia
Cursus Publicus — Le cursus publicus est le service de poste impérial qui assurait les échanges au sein de l’Empire romain. L’organisation de ce service commence sous Auguste : « Pour que l’on pût facilement et plus vite lui annoncer et lui faire… … Wikipédia en Français
