-
81 device
устройство; прибор; аппарат; средство; элемент; знакintruder alarm (proximity) device — разведывательно-сигнализационный прибор с датчиками неконтактного действия
-
82 firing
стрельба; производство выстрела [взрыва]; ркт. пуск; запуск ( двигателя) ; воспламенение запала; огневой; спусковой; стреляющий; см. тж. engagement, fire, shootingmortar firing without bipod (with hand support) — стрельба из миномета без лафета-двуноги (с удержанием ствола рукой)
— airborne firing -
83 supervisor
инструктор; инспектор, контролер; наблюдатель; руководитель; старший ( группы)— tracking supervisor -
84 полигон
м.1) воен. firing ground / range, ordnance yard2)испыта́тельный полиго́н — proving ['pruː-] ground, testing area
уче́бный полиго́н — training ground
полиго́н для захороне́ния отхо́дов — landfill, refuse dump
-
85 Abel, Sir Frederick August
[br]b. 17 July 1827 Woolwich, London, Englandd. 6 September 1902 Westminster, London, England[br]English chemist, co-inventor of cordite find explosives expert.[br]His family came from Germany and he was the son of a music master. He first became interested in science at the age of 14, when visiting his mineralogist uncle in Hamburg, and studied chemistry at the Royal Polytechnic Institution in London. In 1845 he became one of the twenty-six founding students, under A.W.von Hofmann, of the Royal College of Chemistry. Such was his aptitude for the subject that within two years he became von Hermann's assistant and demonstrator. In 1851 Abel was appointed Lecturer in Chemistry, succeeding Michael Faraday, at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and it was while there that he wrote his Handbook of Chemistry, which was co-authored by his assistant, Charles Bloxam.Abel's four years at the Royal Military Academy served to foster his interest in explosives, but it was during his thirty-four years, beginning in 1854, as Ordnance Chemist at the Royal Arsenal and at Woolwich that he consolidated and developed his reputation as one of the international leaders in his field. In 1860 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society, but it was his studies during the 1870s into the chemical changes that occur during explosions, and which were the subject of numerous papers, that formed the backbone of his work. It was he who established the means of storing gun-cotton without the danger of spontaneous explosion, but he also developed devices (the Abel Open Test and Close Test) for measuring the flashpoint of petroleum. He also became interested in metal alloys, carrying out much useful work on their composition. A further avenue of research occurred in 1881 when he was appointed a member of the Royal Commission set up to investigate safety in mines after the explosion that year in the Sealham Colliery. His resultant study on dangerous dusts did much to further understanding on the use of explosives underground and to improve the safety record of the coal-mining industry. The achievement for which he is most remembered, however, came in 1889, when, in conjunction with Sir James Dewar, he invented cordite. This stable explosive, made of wood fibre, nitric acid and glycerine, had the vital advantage of being a "smokeless powder", which meant that, unlike the traditional ammunition propellant, gunpowder ("black powder"), the firer's position was not given away when the weapon was discharged. Although much of the preliminary work had been done by the Frenchman Paul Vieille, it was Abel who perfected it, with the result that cordite quickly became the British Army's standard explosive.Abel married, and was widowed, twice. He had no children, but died heaped in both scientific honours and those from a grateful country.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsGrand Commander of the Royal Victorian Order 1901. Knight Commander of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath 1891 (Commander 1877). Knighted 1883. Created Baronet 1893. FRS 1860. President, Chemical Society 1875–7. President, Institute of Chemistry 1881–2. President, Institute of Electrical Engineers 1883. President, Iron and Steel Institute 1891. Chairman, Society of Arts 1883–4. Telford Medal 1878, Royal Society Royal Medal 1887, Albert Medal (Society of Arts) 1891, Bessemer Gold Medal 1897. Hon. DCL (Oxon.) 1883, Hon. DSc (Cantab.) 1888.Bibliography1854, with C.L.Bloxam, Handbook of Chemistry: Theoretical, Practical and Technical, London: John Churchill; 2nd edn 1858.Besides writing numerous scientific papers, he also contributed several articles to The Encyclopaedia Britannica, 1875–89, 9th edn.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography, 1912, Vol. 1, Suppl. 2, London: Smith, Elder.CMBiographical history of technology > Abel, Sir Frederick August
-
86 Archimedes of Syracuse
[br]b. 287 BCd. 212 BC[br]Greek engineer who made the first measurement of specific gravity.[br]He studied in Alexandria, after which he returned to Syracuse where he spent most of the rest of his life. He made many mathematical discoveries, including the most accurate calculation of pi made up to that time. In engineering he was the founder of the science of hydrostatics. He is well known for the discovery of "Archimedes" Law', that a body wholly or partly immersed in a fluid loses weight equal to the weight of the fluid displaced. He thus made the first measurement of specific gravity.Archimedes also proved the law of the lever and developed the theory of mechanical advantage, boasting to his cousin Hieron, "Give me a place to stand on and with a lever I will move the whole world." To prove his point, he launched one of the biggest ships built up to that date. During his time in Egypt, he devised the "Archimedean Screw", still used today in Middle Eastern countries for pumping water. He also built an astronomical instrument to demonstrate the movements of the heavenly bodies, a form of orrery.He was General of Ordnance to Heiron, and when the Romans besieged Syracuse, a legionary came across Archimedes drawing geometrical diagrams in the sand. Archimedes immediately told him to 'Keep off and the soldier killed him. He also experimented with burning glasses and mirrors for setting fire to wooden ships.[br]Further ReadingL.Sprague de Camp, 1963, Ancient Engineers, Souvenir Press. E.J.Dijksterhuis, 1956, Archimedes, Copenhagen: Munksgaard.IMcN -
87 Bardeen, John
[br]b. 23 May 1908 Madison, Wisconsin, USAd. 30 January 1991 Boston, Massachusetts, USA[br]American physicist, the first to win the Nobel Prize for Physics twice.[br]Born the son of a professor of anatomy, he studied electrical engineering at the University of Wisconsin. He then worked for three years as a geophysicist at the Gulf Research Laboratories before taking a PhD in mathematical physics at Princeton, where he was a graduate student. For some time he held appointments at the University of Minnesota and at Harvard, and during the Second World War he joined the US Naval Ordnance Laboratory. In 1945 he joined the Bell Telephone Laboratories to head a new department to work on solid-state devices. While there, he and W.H. Brattain in 1948 published a paper that introduced the transistor. For this he, Brattain and Shockley won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1956. In 1951 he moved to the University of Illinois as Professor of Physics and Electrical Engineering. There he worked on superconductivity, a phenomenon described in 1911 by Kamerling-Onnes. Bardeen worked with L.N. Cooper and J.A.Schrieffer, and in 1972 they were awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics for the "BCS Theory", which suggested that, under certain circumstances at very low temperatures, electrons can form bound pairs.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with Brattain and Shockley) 1956, (jointly with Cooper and Schrieffer) 1972.Further ReadingIsaacs and E.Martin (eds), 1985, Longmans Dictionary of 20th Century Biography.IMcN -
88 Boxer, Major-General Edward Mourrier
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. February 1822d. 11 January 1897 Isle of Wight, England[br]English Ammunition designer and inventor of the brass, fully obturating cartridge case.[br]Commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1839, Boxer's flair for the technical aspects of gunnery led to his appointment, at the early age of 33, as Superintendent of the Laboratory at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. He was able to devote his attention to the design of more effective shells, cartridges and fuses, with his greatest achievement being the invention, in 1866, of the Boxer cartridge, which had a case made of brass and a percussion cap set into the base. The real significance of the cartridge was that for the first time the chamber could be fully sealed, by way of the propellant gases expanding the case against the chamber wall, with the result that effective weapon range and accuracy could be dramatically increased. His achievement was recognized when Parliament voted a special financial grant, and the Boxer cartridge is still in wide use today. Boxer was promoted Colonel in 1868 and retired the following year as an honorary Major-General.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1858.Bibliography1855, Treatise on Artillery. Prepared for the Use of the Practical Class, Royal Military Academy, London: Eyre \& Spottiswode.1858, Diagrams to Illustrate the Service and Management of Heavy Ordnance Referredto in Treatise on Artillery, London: Eyre \& Spottiswode.CMBiographical history of technology > Boxer, Major-General Edward Mourrier
-
89 Drummond, Thomas
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 10 October 1797 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 15 April 1840 Dublin, Ireland[br]Scottish inventor of limelight.[br]Drummond entered Woolwich Arsenal as a cadet in 1813 and the Royal Engineers two years later. In 1820 he joined Colonel Colby at work on the ordnance survey, meanwhile continuing his studies in mathematics and chemistry under Brand and Faraday at the Royal Institution. His two chief inventions, limelight, or Drummond light, and the heliostatia, were aimed to facilitate the work of the survey by day and night. The light had a sensational effect on the scientific world; Sir John Herschel has left a vivid account of demonstrations of various lights far surpassed in brilliance by limelight. Limelight was brought into use in the autumn of 1825 during the survey of Ireland. In 1829 Drummond began adapting it for use in lighthouses. It was effective, but expensive to operate, and Drummond was seeking ways of making it cheaper when, after a meeting with Brougham in 1831, he gave up the work and turned to politics and administration. From 1835, he was in all but name governor of Ireland, spending himself in the service of his adopted country until overwork brought about his early death in 1840.LRD -
90 Parkhurst, Edward G.
[br]b. 29 August 1830 Thompson, Connecticut, USAd. 31 July 1901 Hartford, Connecticut, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]Little is known of the early training of Edward G. Parkhurst, but at the time of Civil War (1861–5) he was employed by the Savage Arms Company of Middletown, Connecticut. In 1869 he joined the Pratt \& Whitney Company of Hartford, Connecticut, as Assistant Superintendent and later took charge of their gun department. He was the inventor of many improvements in machine tools and armaments. Among these was an automatic rod feeder for turret lathes, in which movement of a single lever enabled bar stock to be fed through the lathe spindle and gripped by a collet chuck while the machine was in motion. This was patented in August 1871 and was followed by other patents, particularly for improvements in machine guns and their accessories. Parkhurst retired from Pratt \& Whitney c. 1895 but was afterwards associated with the American Ordnance Company and the Bethlehem Steel Company. He was a founder member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1880 and served his home city of Hartford as Councillor and Alderman. In 1900 he contributed to the journal American Machinist some articles of reminiscences dealing with the early history of the American machine-tool industry and, in particular, the earliest milling machines and the origin of the turret lathe.RTS -
91 Ramsden, Jesse
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 6 October 1735 (?) Halifax, Yorkshire, Englandd. 5 November 1800 Brighton, Sussex, England[br]English instrument-maker who developed machines for accurately measuring angular and linear scales.[br]Jesse Ramsden was the son of an innkeeper but received a good general education: after attending the free school at Halifax, he was sent at the age of 12 to his uncle for further study, particularly in mathematics. At the age of 16 he was apprenticed to a cloth-worker in Halifax and on completion of the apprenticeship in 1755 he moved to London to work as a clerk in a cloth warehouse. In 1758 he became an apprentice in the workshop of a London mathematical instrument-maker named Burton. He quickly gained the skill, particularly in engraving, and by 1762 he was able to set up on his own account. He married in 1765 or 1766 the youngest daughter of the optician John Dollond FRS (1706– 61) and received a share of Dollond's patent for making achromatic lenses.Ramsden's experience and reputation increased rapidly and he was generally regarded as the leading instrument-maker of his time. He opened a shop in the Haymarket and transferred to Piccadilly in 1775. His staff increased to about sixty workers and apprentices, and by 1789 he had constructed nearly 1,000 sextants as well as theodolites, micrometers, balances, barometers, quadrants and other instruments.One of Ramsden's most important contributions to precision measurement was his development of machines for obtaining accurate division of angular and linear scales. For this work he received a premium from the Commissioners of the Board of Longitude, who published his descriptions of the machines. For the trigonometrical survey of Great Britain, initiated by General William Roy FRS (1726–90) and continued by the Board of Ordnance, Ramsden supplied a 3 ft (91 cm) theodolite and steel measuring chains, and was also engaged to check the glass tubes used to measure the fundamental base line.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1786; Royal Society Copley Medal 1795. Member, Imperial Academy of St Petersburg 1794. Member, Smeatonian Society of Civil Engineers 1793.Bibliography1774, Description of a New Universal Equatorial Instrument, London; repub. 1791. 1777, Description of an Engine for Dividing Mathematical Instruments, London. 1779, Description of an Engine for Dividing Straight Lines on MathematicalInstruments, London.1779, "Description of two new micrometers", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 69:419–31.1782, "A new construction of eyeglasses for such telescopes as may be applied to mathematical instruments", Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society 73:94–99.Further ReadingR.S.Woodbury, 1961, History of the Lathe to 1850, Cleveland, Ohio; W.Steeds, 1969, A History of Machine Tools 1700–1910, Oxford (both provide a brief description of Ramsden's dividing machines).RTS -
92 Sellers, William
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 19 September 1824 Upper Darby, Pennsylvania, USAd. 24 January 1905 Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]William Sellers was educated at a private school that had been established by his father and other relatives for their children, and at the age of 14 he was apprenticed for seven years to the machinist's trade with his uncle. At the end of his apprenticeship in 1845 he took charge of the machine shop of Fairbanks, Bancroft \& Co. in Providence, Rhode Island. In 1848 he established his own factory manufacturing machine tools and mill gearing in Philadelphia, where he was soon joined by Edward Bancroft, the firm becoming Bancroft \& Sellers. After Bancroft's death the name was changed in 1856 to William Sellers \& Co. and Sellers served as President until the end of his life. His machine tools were characterized by their robust construction and absence of decorative embellishments. In 1868 he formed the Edgemoor Iron Company, of which he was President. This company supplied the structural ironwork for the Centennial Exhibition buildings and much of the material for the Brooklyn Bridge. In 1873 he reorganized the William Butcher Steel Works, renaming it the Midvale Steel Company, and under his presidency it became a leader in the production of heavy ordnance. It was at the Midvale Steel Company that Frederick W. Taylor began, with the encouragement of Sellers, his experiments on cutting tools.In 1860 Sellers obtained the American rights of the patent for the Giffard injector for feeding steam boilers. He later invented his own improvements to the injector, which numbered among his many other patents, most of which related to machine tools. Probably Sellers's most important contribution to the engineering industry was his proposal for a system of screw threads made in 1864 and later adopted as the American national standard.Sellers was a founder member in 1880 of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers and was also a member of many other learned societies in America and other countries, including, in Britain, the Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Iron and Steel Institute.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. President, Franklin Institute 1864–7.Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, Ill. (describes Sellers's work on machine tools).Bruce Sinclair, 1969, "At the turn of a screw: William Sellers, the Franklin Institute, and a standard American thread", Technology and Culture 10:20–34 (describes his work on screw threads).RTS -
93 Twiss, William
[br]b. 1745d. 14 March 1827 Hardon Grange, Bingley, Yorkshire, England.[br]English army officer and military engineer.[br]William Twiss entered the Ordnance Department at the age of 15, and in 1762, aged 17, he was appointed Overseer of Works at Gibraltar. At the end of the Seven Years War, in 1763, he was commissioned Ensign in the Engineers, and further promotion followed while he still remained in Gibraltar. In 1771, as a Lieutenant, he returned to England to be employed on Port-smouth's dockyard fortifications. In 1776 he was posted to Canada, where he was soon appointed Controller of Works for the building of a British fleet for Lake Champlain. He was involved in military operations in the American War of Independence and in 1777 was present at the capture of Fort Ticonderoga (New York State). He was taken prisoner shortly afterwards, but was soon exchanged, and a year later he was promoted Captain.In 1779 he was given the task of constructing a short canal at Coteau du Lac, Quebec, to bypass rough water at this point in the St Lawrence River between Montreal and Pointe Maligne. This was probably the first locked canal in North America. In 1781, following his appointment as Chief Engineer for all military works in Canada, he supervised further navigational improvements on the St Lawrence with canals at Les Cèdres and the Cascades. In parallel with these projects, he was responsible for an amazing variety of works in Canada, including hospitals, windmills, store-houses, barracks, fortifications, roads, bridges, prisons, ironworks and dams. He was also responsible for a temporary citadel in Quebec.In 1783 he returned to England, and from 1794–1810 he served as Lieutenant- Governor of the Royal Military Academy at Woolwich, although in 1799 he was sent to Holland as Commanding Engineer to the Duke of York. In 1802 he was promoted Colonel and was in Ireland reporting on the defences there. He became Colonel Commandant, Royal Engineers, in 1809, and retired two years later. In retirement he was promoted Lieu tenant-General in 1812 and General in 1825.[br]Further ReadingW.Porter, 1889–1915, History of the Corps of Royal Engineers, London: Longmans.JHB -
94 ACO
[lang name="English"]ACO, acceptance checkout————————[lang name="English"]ACO, accountable officerматериально ответственный сотрудник; офицер по учету и отчетности————————[lang name="English"]ACO, action cut-out————————[lang name="English"]ACO, Administrative Contracting Officer————————[lang name="English"]ACO, adviser on combined operations————————[lang name="English"]ACO, air contact officer————————[lang name="English"]ACO, air control officer————————[lang name="English"]ACO, airborne control officer————————[lang name="English"]ACO, airspace coordination order————————[lang name="English"]ACO, area clearance officer————————[lang name="English"]ACO, Army Corps Ordnance————————[lang name="English"]ACO, assembly and checkout————————[lang name="English"]ACO, Бр Atomic Coordinating Office————————[lang name="English"]ACO, attack cut-outEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > ACO
-
95 AOR
AOR, air operations room————————AOR, area of responsibilityзона [район] ответственности————————AOR, Army operational research————————AOR, Army Ordnance Regulation————————AOR, assembly and operations recordEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > AOR
-
96 COA
COA, central operating agency [authority]центральный орган управления; центральный исполнительный орган; главный оперативный центр————————COA, change of address————————COA, change of assignmentизменения назначения [задания]————————COA, change order account————————COA, change order, aircraft————————COA, chief of operations analysis————————COA, cognizant operating authority————————COA, commanding officer, area————————COA, compass operation alarm————————COA, Comptroller of the Army————————COA, Controller of Ordnance Accounting————————COA, current operating allowancesEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > COA
-
97 RAOC
RAOC, rear area operations center————————RAOC, regional air operations center————————RAOC, Бр Royal Army Ordnance CorpsEnglish-Russian dictionary of planing, cross-planing and slotting machines > RAOC
См. также в других словарях:
Ordnance Survey — Welsh: Arolwg Ordnans Non ministerial government department overview Formed 1791 ( … Wikipedia
Ordnance QF 18 pounder — Australian gun crew in action in the Ypres sector, 28 September 1917 Type Field gun Place& … Wikipedia
Ordnance Factory Muradnagar — city Coordinates Country India State Uttar Pradesh … Wikipedia
Ordnance, Oregon — Ordnance Ghost town … Wikipedia
ordnance survey map — UK US noun [countable] [singular ordnance survey map plural ordnance survey maps] a very detailed official map of a part of the UK http://www.macmillandictionary.com/med2cd/weblinks/ordnance survey map.htm The … Useful english dictionary
Ordnance ML 4.2 inch Mortar — Ordnance SB 4.2 inch Mortar Ordnance ML 4.2 inch Mortar on mobile baseplate Type Mortar Place of or … Wikipedia
Ordnance QF 13 pounder — Battery and crews of Honourable Artillery Company (HAC) near Belah, Palestine, March 1918 Type Light field gun … Wikipedia
Ordnance Survey map — Ordnance Survey .map n BrE [Date: 1800 1900; Origin: Because the maps were originally made for the department responsible for ordnance: ordnance military materials (14 20 centuries), from Old French ordenance] a map which shows all the roads,… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Area denial weapons — are used to prevent an adversary from occupying or traversing an area of land. The specific method used does not have to be totally effective in preventing passage (and usually isn t) as long as it is sufficient to severely restrict, slow down,… … Wikipedia
Ordnance Annex — is the name of a US naval base situated on the Island of Guam, which used to be known as Naval Magazine, Guam. The base is situated on the south central section of the island and occupies an area of 8,800 acres (36 km2).[1] See also Naval… … Wikipedia
Ordnance Survey National Grid — For the electricity network, see National Grid (Great Britain). Geodesy Fundamentals … Wikipedia