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41 причитающаяся сумма
1. amount due2. owing3. sum owingигра с накопленной суммой; ненулевая игра — general sum game
сумма произведений; дизъюнкция конъюнкций — sum of products
запоминающее устройство сумм; хранение сумм — sum storage
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > причитающаяся сумма
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42 действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
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[Интент]Параллельные тексты EN-RU
Effects of the electric arc inside switchgear and controlgear assemblies
In the proximity of the main boards, i.e. in the proximity of big electrical machines, such as transformers or generators, the short-circuit power is high and consequently also the energy associated with the electrical arc due to a fault is high.
Without going into complex mathematical descriptions of this phenomenon, the first instants of arc formation inside a cubicle can be schematized in 4 phases:
1. compression phase: in this phase the volume of the air where the arc develops is overheated owing to the continuous release of energy; due to convection and radiation the remaining volume of air inside the cubicle warms up; initially there are temperature and pressure values different from one zone to another;
2. expansion phase: from the first instants of internal pressure increase a hole is formed through which the overheated air begins to go out. In this phase the pressure reaches its maximum value and starts to decrease owing to the release of hot air;
3. emission phase: in this phase, due to the continuous contribution of energy by the arc, nearly all the air is forced out under a soft and almost constant overpressure;
4. thermal phase: after the expulsion of the air, the temperature inside the switchgear reaches almost that of the electrical arc, thus beginning this final phase which lasts till the arc is quenched, when all the metals and the insulating materials coming into contact undergo erosion with production of gases, fumes and molten material particles.
Should the electrical arc occur in open configurations, some of the described phases could not be present or could have less effect; however, there shall be a pressure wave and a rise in the temperature of the zones surrounding the arc.
Being in the proximity of an electrical arc is quite dangerous; here are some data to understand how dangerous it is:
• pressure: at a distance of 60 cm from an electrical arc associated with a 20 kA arcing fault a person can be subject to a force of 225 kg; moreover, the sudden pressure wave may cause permanent injuries to the eardrum;
• arc temperatures: about 7000-8000 °C;
• sound: electrical arc sound levels can reach 160 db, a shotgun blast only 130 db.
[ABB]Действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
Короткое замыкание вблизи больших силовых устройств, таких как трансформаторы или генераторы имеет очень большую мощность. Поэтому энергия электрической дуги, возникшей в результате короткого замыкания, очень большая.
Не вдаваясь в сложное математическое описание данного явления, можно сказать, что первые мгновения формирования дуги внутри шкафа можно упрощенно разделить на четыре этапа:
1. Этап сжатия: на этом этапе объем воздуха, в котором происходит зарождение дуги перегревается вследствие непрерывного высвобождения энергии. За счет конвекции и излучения оставшийся объем воздуха внутри шкафа нагревается. На этом начальном этапе значения температуры и давления воздуха в разных зонах НКУ разные.
2. Этап расширения: с первых мгновений внутреннее давление создает канал, через который начинается движение перегретого воздуха. На этом этапе давление достигает своего максимального значения, после чего начинает уменьшаться вследствие выхода горячего воздуха.
3. Этап эмиссии: на этом этапе вследствие непрерывного пополнения энергией дуги почти весь воздух выталкивается под действием мягкого и почти постоянного избыточного давления.
4. Термический этап: после выхлопа воздуха температура внутри НКУ почти достигает температуры электрической дуги. Так начинается заключительный этап, который длится до тех пор, пока дуга не погаснет. При этом все металлические и изоляционные материалы, вступившие в контакт с дугой, оказываются подвергнутыми эрозии с выделением газов, дыма и частиц расплавленного материала.
Если электрическая дуга возникнет в открытом НКУ, то некоторые из описанных этапов могут не присутствовать или могут иметь меньшее воздействие. Тем не менее будет иметь место воздушная волна и подъем температуры вблизи дуги.
Находиться вблизи электрической дуги довольно опасно. Ниже приведены некоторые сведения, помогающие осознать эту опасность:
• давление: На расстоянии 60 см от электрической дуги, вызванной током короткого замыкания 20 кА, человек может подвергнуться воздействию силы 225 кг. Более того, резкая волна давления может нанести тяжелую травму барабанным перепонкам;
• температура дуги: около 7000-8000 °C;
• шумовое воздействие: Уровень шумового воздействия электрической дуги может достигнуть 160 дБ (выстрел из дробовика – 130 дБ).
[Перевод Интент]Тематики
- НКУ (шкафы, пульты,...)
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > действие электрической дуги, возникающей внутри НКУ распределения и управления
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43 вследствие
вследствие — because of, on account of, owing toРусско-английский словарь биологических терминов > вследствие
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44 изза
из-за — because of, on account of, owing to -
45 в результате
•The hypothesis assumes that the genetic code was universal in (or as a) consequence of its being established in the ancestral stock.
•The internal energy increases as a result of the reaction.
•In this zone, mixing occurs as the result of convection.
•In response to the increase of pressure the emergency system went into action.
•The changes in band intensity associated with changes in pH...
•A hydrogen atom is first formed by collision.
•The work is done by virtue of the volume change.
•The first term is the energy contribution due to the translational motion of...
•The possible carbonium ions that can form the addition of...
•With the single-heterostructure laser some of the light is still lost owing to its penetration across...
•Contamination of condensate may occur leakage of...
•The pulse shapes were derived scanning different types of particles.
•This work has resulted in two waveguides.
•Bentonite shrinks upon drying.
* * *В результате -- as a result of, as a consequence of, in consequence; because of; fromAs a result of the present evaluation of existing two-phase flow correlations, the following conclusions can be stated.In consequence, considerable attention has been paid to the operator interface with the intention of making the transition to digital control as painless as possible.Wastage, if any, in these regions would be masked because of the signal problems.Perturbations should develop in the toroidal fields from a fault condition.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в результате
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46 в силу
. ввиду•In view of (or On the strength of, or By virtue of) Eq. (.2) flow is governed by...
•The molecule has kinetic energy by virtue of its motion through space.
* * *В силу -- because of, on account of, owing to, by virtue of, due toEach part depicts half of a square plate, the other half being omitted by virtue of symmetry.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в силу
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47 ввиду
•The indicated horse power is less than the thermal horse power by virtue of (or owing to) radiation losses.
•The water moderator was adopted for reasons of expediency.
•In view of (or Because of) the presence of hydrogen...
•On account of the small magnitude... the observation of these effects presents many difficulties.
•Through its inertness the DNA molecule remains stable...
* * *Ввиду -- in view of; on account ofIn view of the pressure fluctuations, an electronic integrator was employed to obtain time-averaged pressures.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > ввиду
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48 вследствие этого
•As a consequence (or Hence, or As a result) heat is exchanged by...
•The deck of the triple-hull submarine is situated much lower and in consequence (or therefore) better utilization of space is possible.
•Owing to (or Because of) this the deposit developed cracks.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вследствие этого
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49 в результате
•The hypothesis assumes that the genetic code was universal in (or as a) consequence of its being established in the ancestral stock.
•The internal energy increases as a result of the reaction.
•In this zone, mixing occurs as the result of convection.
•In response to the increase of pressure the emergency system went into action.
•The changes in band intensity associated with changes in pH...
•A hydrogen atom is first formed by collision.
•The work is done by virtue of the volume change.
•The first term is the energy contribution due to the translational motion of...
•The possible carbonium ions that can form the addition of...
•With the single-heterostructure laser some of the light is still lost owing to its penetration across...
•Contamination of condensate may occur leakage of...
•The pulse shapes were derived scanning different types of particles.
•This work has resulted in two waveguides.
•Bentonite shrinks upon drying.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > в результате
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50 ввиду
•The indicated horse power is less than the thermal horse power by virtue of (or owing to) radiation losses.
•The water moderator was adopted for reasons of expediency.
•In view of (or Because of) the presence of hydrogen...
•On account of the small magnitude... the observation of these effects presents many difficulties.
•Through its inertness the DNA molecule remains stable...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > ввиду
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51 вследствие
•In consequence of these features the axial pump has a distinct advantage for variable-speed services.
•The spark was preferred to the arc on account of (or because of, or owing to) its ease of control.
•As a consequence (or result) of its change in speed, a light ray passing obliquely from a vacuum to a material medium is refracted.
•The body loses heat by radiation.
•The hole density fluctuation is small by virtue of the condition ((())" 1).
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вследствие
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52 вследствие этого
•As a consequence (or Hence, or As a result) heat is exchanged by...
•The deck of the triple-hull submarine is situated much lower and in consequence (or therefore) better utilization of space is possible.
•Owing to (or Because of) this the deposit developed cracks.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > вследствие этого
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53 для обозначения
•The term "hot tearing" is used in reference to the rupture of a casting owing to...
•The term "hydride" is used to describe a compound of an element with hydrogen.
•To denote, To designate.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > для обозначения
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54 износ
•The rate of wear of iron from the piston ring in mg/hr...
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > износ
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55 недостаточный
•Deficient air supply is indicated by...
•The rate of response of the conventional synchronizing system is quite often inadequate to synchronize the motor.
•Uranium resources appeared scarce in relation to the projected needs.
•The most critical deterrent of the use of martensitic steels is their inadequate corrosion resistance.
•No qualitative interferences owing to a lack of solvent purity have been observed.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > недостаточный
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56 неполадка
. в случае неполадки; выявление неисправностей; главный источник неполадок; метод устранения неполадки; устранять недостатки••Malfunction in the lines of hydraulic control...
•This prevents valve troubles (or mishaps, or upsets).
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > неполадка
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57 отходить назад
•Immediately after completing the reading the micrometer screw backs off automatically to clear the workpiece.
•Owing to compression of the oil in the chamber during the feeding stroke, the piston backs off very slightly.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > отходить назад
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58 помеха
•The size of the ship is no barrier to the application of this principle.
•Interference with the operation of the pump owing to the proximity of... was eliminated.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > помеха
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59 cсуществующая или возникающая задолженность
Finances: amounts owed or owingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > cсуществующая или возникающая задолженность
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60 благодаря тому, что
Mathematics: due to( or owing to, thanks to, by virtue of, on account of through, by) + герундийУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > благодаря тому, что
См. также в других словарях:
owing — ow‧ing [ˈəʊɪŋ ǁ ˈoʊ ] adjective [only after a noun] ACCOUNTING FINANCE an amount of money owing has not been paid yet: • We will send an estimate of the amount owing for the goods or services provided. • The brewery settled the £149 debt owing to … Financial and business terms
Owing — Ow ing, p. p. & a. [Used in a passive sense for owed (AS. [=a]gen. See {Own}).] 1. Had or held under obligation of paying; due. [1913 Webster] There is more owing her than is paid. Shak. [1913 Webster] 2. Had or experienced as a consequence,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
owing to — is an acceptable, idiomatically correct phrase meaning because of or attributable to : Owing to the lateness of the bus, we were unable to make connection with the train. As with due to, avoid adding the fact that to owing to. See also due to … Dictionary of problem words and expressions
owing — [ˈəuıŋ US ˈou ] adj [not before noun] especially BrE if money is owing, it has not yet been paid to the person who should receive it →↑outstanding ▪ You need to pay the amount owing, plus the interest … Dictionary of contemporary English
owing to — preposition because of something: Flights from Boston were canceled owing to bad weather. Owing to the rising cost of fuel, more people are using public transport … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
owing — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ yet to be paid or supplied. ● owing to Cf. ↑owing to … English terms dictionary
owing — [ō′iŋ] adj. [ME owynge] 1. that owes 2. due; unpaid [ten dollars owing on a bill] owing to because of; as a result of … English World dictionary
owing to — ► owing to because of or on account of. Main Entry: ↑owing … English terms dictionary
owing — index accountable (responsible), delinquent (overdue), due (owed), indebted, outstanding (unpaid … Law dictionary
owing nothing — index solvent Burton s Legal Thesaurus. William C. Burton. 2006 … Law dictionary
owing to — the severity of the weather, tonight s concert will be postponed until next Tuesday Syn: because of, as a result of, on account of, due to, as a consequence of, thanks to, in view of, by dint of; formal by reason of … Thesaurus of popular words