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101 صانع الأدوات البصرية
n. optician -
102 occhialaio
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103 оптик
м. -
104 оптик
м. -
105 оптика
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106 оптик
муж.optician; optometrist -
107 نظاراتي
نَظّارَاتِيّoptician; optometrist -
108 ottico
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109 okulista okuli·sta
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110 optyk opty·k
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111 оптика
ж1) ( наука) opticsволоко́нная о́птика — fiber optics
3) (магазин, где заказывают и покупают очки) optician -
112 ottico
optical, optician -
113 optiko
English Definition: (noun) opticianNotes: Spanish -
114 оптик
[optik] optician (n/m) -
115 opticien
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116 ოპტიკოსი
noptician -
117 Barlow, Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 13 October 1776 Norwich, Englandd. 1 March 1862 Kent, England[br]English mathematician, physicist and optician.[br]Barlow had little formal academic education, but by his own efforts rectified this deficiency. His contributions to various periodicals ensured that he became recognized as a man of considerable scientific understanding. In 1801, through competitive examination, he became Assistant Mathematics Master at the Royal Military Academy, Woolwich, and some years later was promoted to Professor. He resigned from this post in 1847, but retained full salary in recognition of his many public services.He is remembered for several notable achievements, and for some experiments designed to overcome problems such as the deviation of compasses in iron ships. Here, he proposed the use of small iron plates designed to overcome other attractions: these were used by both the British and Russian navies. Optical experiments commenced around 1827 and in later years he carried out tests to optimize the size and shape of many parts used in the railways that were spreading throughout Britain and elsewhere at that time.In 1814 he published mathematical tables of squares, cubes, square roots, cube roots and reciprocals of all integers from 1 to 10,000. This volume was of great value in ship design and other engineering processes where heavy numerical effort is required; it was reprinted many times, the last being in 1965 when it had been all but superseded by the calculator and the computer. In the preface to the original edition, Barlow wrote, "the only motive which prompted me to engage in this unprofitable task was the utility that I conceived might result from my labour… if I have succeeded in facilitating abstruse arithmetical calculations, then I have obtained the object in view."[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1823; Copley Medal (for discoveries in magnetism) 1825. Honorary Member, Institution of Civil Engineers 1820.Bibliography1811, An Elementary Investigation of the Theory of Numbers.1814, Barlow's Tables (these have continued to be published until recently, one edition being in 1965 (London: Spon); later editions have taken the integers up to 12,500).1817, Essay on the Strength of Timber and Other Materials.Further ReadingDictionary of National Biography.FMW -
118 Barnack, Oskar
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1879 Berlin, Germanyd. January 1936 Wetzlar, Germany[br]German camera designer who conceived the first Leica camera and many subsequent models.[br]Oskar Barnack was an optical engineer, introspective and in poor health, when in 1910 he was invited through the good offices of his friend the mechanical engineer Emil Mechau, who worked for Ernst Leitz, to join the company at Wetzlar to work on research into microscope design. He was engaged after a week's trial, and on 2 January 1911 he was put in charge of microscope research. He was an enthusiastic photographer, but excursions with his large and heavy plate camera equipment taxed his strength. In 1912, Mechau was working on a revolutionary film projector design and needed film to test it. Barnack suggested that it was not necessary to buy an expensive commercial machine— why not make one? Leitz agreed, and Barnack constructed a 35 mm movie camera, which he used to cover events in and around Wetzlar.The exposure problems he encountered with the variable sensitivity of the cine film led him to consider the design of a still camera in which short lengths of film could be tested before shooting—a kind of exposure-meter camera. Dissatisfied with the poor picture quality of his first model, which took the standard cine frame of 18×24 mm, he built a new model in which the frame size was doubled to 36×24 mm. It used a simple focal-plane shutter adjustable to 1/500 of a second, and a Zeiss Milar lens of 42 mm focal length. This is what is now known as the UR-Leica. Using his new camera, 1/250 of the weight of his plate equipment, Barnack made many photographs around Wetzlar, giving postcard-sized prints of good quality.Ernst Leitz Junior was lent the camera for his trip in June 1914 to America, where he was urged to put it into production. Visiting George Eastman in Rochester, Leitz passed on Barnack's requests for film of finer grain and better quality. The First World War put an end to the chances of developing the design at that time. As Germany emerged from the postwar chaos, Leitz Junior, then in charge of the firm, took Barnack off microscope work to design prototypes for a commercial model. Leitz's Chief Optician, Max Berek, designed a new lens, the f3.5 Elmax, for the new camera. They settled on the name Leica, and the first production models went on show at the Leipzig Spring Fair in 1925. By the end of the year, 1,000 cameras had been shipped, despite costing about two months' good wages.The Leica camera established 35 mm still photography as a practical proposition, and film manufacturers began to create the special fine-grain films that Barnack had longed for. He continued to improve the design, and a succession of new Leica models appeared with new features, such as interchangeable lenses, coupled range-finders, 250 exposures. By the time of his sudden death in 1936, Barnack's life's work had forever transformed the nature of photography.[br]Further ReadingJ.Borgé and G.Borgé, 1977, Prestige de la, photographie.BC -
119 Chevalier, Charles-Louis
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 18 April 1804 Franced. 21 November 1859 Paris, France[br]French instrument maker and optician.[br]The son of a distinguished Parisian instrument maker, Charles Chevalier supplied equipment to all the major photographic pioneers of the period. He sold a camera obscura to Niepce de St Victor as early as 1826 and was largely responsible for bringing Niepce de St Victor and Daguerre together. Chevalier was one of the first opticians to design lenses specifically for photographic use; the first photographic camera to be offered for sale to the public, the Giroux daguerreotype camera of 1839, was in fact fitted with a Chevalier achromatic lens. Chevalier also supplied lenses, equipment and examples of daguerreotypes to Talbot in England. In 1841 Chevalier was awarded first prize in a competition for the improvement of photographic lenses, sponsored by the Société d'Encouragement of Paris. Contemporary opinion, however, favoured the runner-up, the Petzval Portrait lens by Voigtländer of Vienna, and Chevalier subsequently became embroiled in an acrimonious dispute which did him little credit. It did not stop him designing lenses, and he went on to become an extremely successful supplier of quality daguerreotype equipment. He was a founder member of the Société Héliographique in 1851.[br]Further ReadingPavillon de Photographie du Parc Naturel Régional de Brotonne, 1974, Charles-Louis Chevalier (an authoritative account of Chevalier's life and work).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JWBiographical history of technology > Chevalier, Charles-Louis
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120 Dagron, Prudent René-Patrice
SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics[br]b. 1819 Beaumont, Franced. June 1900 Paris, France[br]French photographer who specialized in microphotography.[br]Dagron studied chemistry, but little else is known of his early career. He was the proprietor of a Paris shop selling stationery and office equipment in 1860, when he proposed making microscopic photographs mounted in jewellery. Dagron went on to produce examples using equipment constructed by the optician Debozcq. In 1864 Dagron became one of the celebrities of the day when he recorded 450 portraits on a single photograph that measured 1 mm3. The image was viewed by means of a tiny magnifying lens popularly known as a "Stanhope" after its supposed inventor, the English Lord Charles Stanhope. The great demand for Stanhoped jewellery soon allowed Dagron to build a factory for its manufacture. Dagron's main claim to fame rests on his work during the Franco-Prussian War. At the siege of Paris, Dagron was ballooned out of the city to organize a carrier-pigeon communication service. Thousands of microphotographed dispatches could be carried by a single pigeon, and Dagron set up a regular service between Paris and Tours. In Paris the messages from the outside world were enlarged and projected onto a white wall and transcribed by a team of clerks. After the war, Dagron dabbled in aerial photography from balloons, but his interest in microphotography continued until his death in 1900.[br]Further ReadingG.Tissandier, 1874, Les Merveilles de la photographie, Paris (a contemporary account of Dagron's work during the siege of Paris).H.Gernsheim and A.Gernsheim, 1969, The History of Photography, rev. edn, London.JWBiographical history of technology > Dagron, Prudent René-Patrice
См. также в других словарях:
optician — OPTICIÁN, Ă, opticieni, e, s.m. şi f. Specialist în optică (I 1); persoană care face, repară sau vinde instrumente optice. [pr.: ci an] – Din fr. opticien. Trimis de oprocopiuc, 10.05.2004. Sursa: DEX 98 opticián s. m. (sil. ci an), pl.… … Dicționar Român
optician — ► NOUN ▪ a person qualified to prescribe and dispense glasses and contact lenses, and to detect eye diseases (ophthalmic optician), or to make and supply glasses and contact lenses (dispensing optician) … English terms dictionary
Optician — Op*ti cian, n. [Cf. F. opticien. See {Optic}, a.] 1. One skilled in optics. [R.] A. Smith. [1913 Webster] 2. One who deals in optical glasses and instruments. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
optician — (n.) 1680s, after Fr. opticien; see OPTIC (Cf. optic) + IAN (Cf. ian) … Etymology dictionary
optician — [äp tish′ən] n. [Fr opticien] a person who makes or deals in optical instruments, esp. one who prepares and dispenses eyeglasses … English World dictionary
Optician — An optician uses a lensometer to check eye glasses. An optician is a person who is trained to fill prescriptions for eye correction in the field of medicine … Wikipedia
optician — [[t]ɒptɪ̱ʃ(ə)n[/t]] opticians 1) N COUNT An optician is someone whose job involves testing people s sight, and making or selling glasses and contact lenses. 2) N COUNT: oft the N An optician or an optician s is a shop where you can have your eyes … English dictionary
optician — UK [ɒpˈtɪʃ(ə)n] / US [ɑpˈtɪʃ(ə)n] noun [countable] Word forms optician : singular optician plural opticians 1) British someone whose job is to test people s sight and make and sell glasses. The shop that they work in is also called an optician or … English dictionary
Optician — A specialist in fitting eyeglasses and making lenses to correct vision problems. An optometrist performs eye examinations and writes prescriptions for corrective lenses; an optician fills that prescription. * * * One who practices opticianry. * * … Medical dictionary
optician — noun (BrE) ⇨ See also ↑optometrist ADJECTIVE ▪ dispensing, ophthalmic PHRASES ▪ at the optician s, to the optician s ▪ I ve got to go to the optician s tomorrow … Collocations dictionary
optician — noun Brit. a person qualified to prescribe and dispense glasses and contact lenses, and to detect eye diseases (ophthalmic optician), or to make and supply glasses and contact lenses (dispensing optician). ↘US a dispensing optician. Origin C17:… … English new terms dictionary
