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1 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
2 ya
1 relative pronoun "which, what" attested in VT43:28, 34 and in the Arctic sentence, with locative suffix in Namárië: see \#yassë. According to VT47:21, ya is impersonal, "which" rather than "whom" compare the personal form ye. The dative form yan q.v. is however used for "to whom" rather than to which in one text, indicating that Tolkien did not always distinguish between personal and impersonal forms. In the phrase lúmessë uya/u variant: uyá/u firuvammë, *"in the hour uthat/u we shall die", the relative pronoun is not explicitly marked for case and is evidently understood to share the case of the preceding noun hence not *lúmessë uyassë/u... "in the hour uin which/u"... VT43:27-28 Presumably, ya has the plural form *yar e.g. *i nati yar hirnen the things that/which I found. 2 or yan, prep. "as" VT43:16, probably abandoned in favour of sívë -
3 yó
"yô", yond- see yondo. The genitive form of the relative pronoun ya which would likely also appear as yó of which, from which for ya-o, cf. tó thence from ta-o. -
4 yan
relative pronoun in dative "for/to which or "for/to whom PE16:90, 92, 96. Used for to whom" in the poem Nieninque; according to the system described elsewhere, which distinguishes personal ye who" from impersonal ya "which", "to whom would be *yen instead. A wholly distinct yan seems to appear as an ephemeral word for "as" in one version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer; see ya \#2 VT43:16, VT49:18 -
5 i
1 "the", indeclinable definite article I, Nam, RGEO:67, Markirya, WJ:369, WJ:398, MC:215, 216, 221. A variant in q.v. is also attested. Hyphenated i- in i-mar "the earth" FS, i-Ciryamo "the mariner's" UT:8, i-aldar *"the trees" Narqelion, attached with a dot in i·yulmar *"the cups" VT48:11, I·Eldanyárë "the History of the Elves" LR:199, i·arya *the best PE17:57, directly prefixed with no hyphen or dot in icilyanna = i cilyanna in SD:247, also ihyarma the left hand in VT49:22 but i hyarma in other versions of the same text. 2 relative pronoun "the one/they who; that which" both article and relative pronoun in CO: i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa: the One who is above all thrones", i hárar "they who are sitting"; cf. also the phrase i hamil mára "that which you deem good" VT42:33. Notice that before a verb, i means "the one who", or, in the case of a plural verb, "those who"; e.g. i carir quettar ómainen "those who form words with voices" WJ:391. According to VT47:21, i as a relative pronoun is the personal plural form corresponding to the personal sg. ye and the impersonal sg. ya. This agrees with the example i carir..., but as is evident from the other examples listed above, Tolkien in certain texts also used i as a singular relative pronoun, both personal Eru i... and impersonal i hamil. In the sense of a plural personal relative pronoun, i is also attested in the genitive ion and ablative illon cases, demonstrating that unlike the indeclinable article i, the relative pronoun i can receive case endings. Both are translated "from whom": ion/ illon camnelyes "from whom you received it" referring to several persons VT47:21. 3 conj. that. Savin Elessar ar ui/u nánë aran Ondórëo I believe that Elessar really existed and uthat/u he was a king of Gondor VT49:27, savin ui/u Elesarno quetië naitë *I believe uthat/u Elessars speaking is true VT49:28Also cf. nai, nái be it that see nai \#1, which may seem to incorporate this conjunction. -
6 anga
noun "iron", also name of tengwa \#7 ANGĀ, Appendix E, SA, PM:347, LT1:249, 268. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, anga was the name of letter \#19, which tengwa Tolkien would later call noldo instead VT45:6. Masc. names Angamaitë "Iron-handed" Letters:347, Angaráto "Iron-champion", Sindarin Angrod SA:ara. See also Angamando, tornanga and cf. Angainor as the name of the chain with which Melkor was bound Silm -
7 epetai
adv. consequently VT49:11. Since this is to contain tai that which epe-ta-i before that which, a form Tolkien may later have abandoned, the less problematic synonym etta should perhaps be preferred. Compare potai. -
8 fana
noun term denoting the "veils" or "raiment" in which the Valar presented themselves to physical eyes, the bodies in which they were self-incarnated, usually in the shape of the bodies of Elves and Men RGEO:74, PE17:173-180. According to PE17:26, fana may be said to mean shape with added notion of light and whiteness, it is thus often used where we might use a vision of something beautiful or sublime, yet with no connotation of uncertainty or unreality. -
9 pá
1 prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall; also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" VT44:26. Another variant gives pá and apa with the meaning on above but touching. 2 Variants of apa "after" VT44:36, which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, pá and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" see entries for apa \#1 and \#2, or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa after, as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *years upon years VT44:36 -
10 pahta
1 adj. "closed, shut, private" VT39:23, VT41:6, PE17:171 2 noun speech, i.e. language PE17:126; accompanied by the intransitive verb pakta- speak, talk, which would be *pahta- in Quenya, of which the transitive equivalent is quet-, q.v. The intransitive verb speak is also given as carpa-, q.v. -
11 pa
1 prep. "on" with reference to contact of surfaces, especially vertical surface in the sense in which a picture hangs on a wall; also used = "touching, as regards, concerning" VT44:26. Another variant gives pá and apa with the meaning on above but touching. 2 Variants of apa "after" VT44:36, which preposition is in one source also ascribed the first meaning here discussed. For Neo-Quenya purposes, pá and pa may be used for "on" or "concerning", whereas apa is used for "after" see entries for apa \#1 and \#2, or pa may also be seen as a shorter form of apa after, as in the phrase yéni pa yéni *years upon years VT44:36 -
12 nëa
1 once, at one time in the past VT49:31. Also néya. 2 an optative form of the verb na- "to be"? nëa = LotR-style Quenya nai?: ya rato nëa *"which soon may it be" = *"which I hope will be soon" Arct -
13 vaiya
waiya also vaia, waia noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter entry was struck out. In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, vaiya is simply translated "sky". In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, vaiya / waiya was also the name of a tengwa letter that does not appear in Tolkien's later table, but which was apparently intended to have the value w v, like the letter wilya vilya in the later, canonical system VT46:21. According to Arden R. Smith, the form of the pre-classical letter is a variant of \#21, which letter Tolkien would later call vala VT46:32. -
14 ampano
noun "building" especially of wood, "wooden hall" PAN; alternative form umpano, VT45:36, which Tolkien in one case altered to ampano, VT46:8. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, ampano was also the name of tengwa \#6 VT46:8, which letter Tolkien would later call umbar instead changing its value from mp to mb. -
15 te
pron. "they, them", 3rd person pl. VT49:51, LotR3:VI ch. 4, translated in Letters:308. The pronoun te represents an original stem-form VT49:50. Dative ten, téna or tien for them, to them q.v. Stressed té VT49:51. Ótë *"with them", q.v. VT43:20 connects te "them" with a discussion of Common Eldarin pronominal stems ca. 1940s, where te is the "personal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring to persons rather than abstracts or inanimates which are denoted by ta instead; see, however, the entry ta \#3 regarding the problems with this form, and the hints that te may possibly be used with reference to inanimates as well. Also consider the reflexive pronoun intë *"themselves", the final element of which is apparently this pronoun te; see also tú for the dual form. -
16 ita
adv. 2 very, extremely PE17:112. Like \#1 above, this element emerged as part of Tolkiens efforts to explain the initial element of the name Idril Q Itaril, so it is questionable if \#1 and \#2 were ever meant to coexist in the same version of Quenya. 3 pron that which VT49:12, emended from tai \#1, q.v. The form ita is compounded from the relative pronoun i + the pronoun ta that, it. -
17 hyellë
noun "glass" KHYELES, VT45:23; the later source also provides the unglossed form hyelma, which may be a synonym of hyellë; alternatively hyellë could be "glass" as a substance, whereas hyelma rather refers to "a glass" as a drinking vessel. In later sources, cilin or calca is given as the word for "glass". -
18 pirindë
noun a flower that opened and shut quickly with any change of light at ?some ?not even a pansy closed PE17:146; reading uncertain and meaning obscure; read perhaps at which not even a pansy closed Also pirnë. -
19 Eruman
place-name; this is a word to which various meanings are ascribed, but it always denotes some region. In the earliest phases of Tolkien's mythology, it was a region south of Taniquetil LT1:91, 252-253. In the Etymologies, entry ERE, Eruman is a "desert north-east of Valinor". In the final version of the Quenya Lord's Prayer, where the locative form Erumandë appears, Tolkien appears to have moved Eruman out of this world entirely, making it the abode of God Eru; Erumandë translates "in heaven". -
20 Taniquetil(Taniquetild-)
, place-name: the highest of the mountains of Valinor, upon which were the mansions of Manwë and Varda. Properly, this name refers to the topmost peak only, the whole mountain being called Oiolossë SA:til. The Etymologies has Taniquetil, Taniquetildë "q" Ta-niqe-til "g.sg." Taniquetilden, in LotR-style Quenya this is the dative singular "High White Horn" NIK-W, TIL, TA/TA3, OY. Variant Taníquetil with a long í, translated high-snow-peakPE17:26, 168.Quettaparma Quenyallo (Quenya-English) > Taniquetil(Taniquetild-)
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