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1 estь
estь Grammatical information: 3sg. Proto-Slavic meaning: `is'Page in Trubačev: VI 32Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:je `is' [3sg]Polish:Serbo-Croatian:jȅst `is' [3sg];je `is' [3sg]Slovene:jè `is' [3sg]Bulgarian:e `is' [3sg]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: estiLithuanian:ẽsti `is' [3sg]Old Prussian:ast `is';est `is'Indo-European reconstruction: h₁es-tiIE meaning: isCertainty: +Page in Pokorny: 340Other cognates:Skt. ásti `is' [3sg]; -
2 ěsti
ěsti Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `eat'Page in Trubačev: VI 53-54Old Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:jísti `eat' [verb]Slovak:Polish:jeść `eat' [verb]Slovincian:jìe̯sc `eat' [verb]Serbo-Croatian:jȅsti `eat' [verb], jȅdem [1sg];Čak. ȉsti or ĩsti (Vrgada) `eat' [verb], idẽ [3sg];Čak. jȅs (Orbanići) `eat' [verb], (j)ĩ [3sg]Slovene:jẹ́sti `eat' [verb], jẹ́m [1sg]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: eʔstiLithuanian:ė́sti `eat' [verb]Latvian:Old Prussian:Indo-European reconstruction: h₁ed-miIE meaning: eatPage in Pokorny: 288Other cognates:Skt. átti `eat' [verb];Hitt. ed-zi / ad- `eat' [verb]; -
3 berstъ
berstъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `elm'Page in Trubačev: I 199-200Russian:bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens] \{1\}Belorussian:bérast `elm' [m o], bérasta [Gens]Ukrainian:bérest `elm' [m o], béresta [Gens]Czech:břest `elm' [m o]Slovak:Polish:brzóst (dial.) `elm' [m o]Serbo-Croatian:brȉjest `elm' [m o], brijèsta [Gens];Čak. brĩst (Vrgada) `a herb similar to rosemary' [m o], brīstȁ [Gens];brést (Novi) `elm' [m o], brēstȁ [Gens];Čak. briȇs (Orbanići) `elm' [m o], brȅsta [Gens]Slovene:brẹ́st `elm' [m o]Bulgarian:Comments: If we assume that * berstъ is cognate with -> *bèrza, which has an acute root, we must explain the variant belonging AP (b). In my view, a form bʰerHǵ-tó- (admittedly with slightly unexpected end-stress) would remain oxytone in Balto-Slavic, in which case the root would be affected by the Proto-Slavic loss of pretonic laryngeals. As I consider it possible that the generalization of accentual mobility in masculine o-stems with a non-acute root vowel did not apply to the marginal class of Balto-Slavic oxytona, Illič-Svityč's reconstruction of a substantivized neuter adjective is not necessarily correct.Other cognates:Notes:\{1\} Illič-Svityč (1963: 52), mentions a Gsg. berestá (dial.). -
4 cě̄và
cě̄và Grammatical information: f. ā Accent paradigm: b Proto-Slavic meaning: `shin-bone, tube, bobbin, spool'Page in Trubačev: III 190-191Russian:Czech:céva `vein' [f ā]Old Czech:cěva `tube, spool' [f ā];Slovak:Upper Sorbian:Serbo-Croatian:Čak. cȋva (Vrgada) `bobbin, spool' [f ā]Slovene:cẹ̑vka `bobbin, spool' [f ā]Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: koi-u-aʔ; ḱoi-u-aʔLithuanian:šaivà `spool' [f ā] 4;šeivà `spool, forearm, shin(-bone)' [f ā] 2/4Latvian:saĩva `bobbin' [f ā];saĩve `bobbin' [f ē] \{2\}Indo-European reconstruction: koi-u-Page in Pokorny: 919-920Comments: Apparently, the Baltic evidence points to *ḱ-, while Slavic hapoints to *k, while *c- < *k- as a result of the second palatalization. The plain velar must have originated in root variants with an s mobile.Other cognates:Skt. aṣṭhīvá(nt)- `shin'\{3\};Notes:\{1\} North Russian attestations of this root showing initial k- are presented in Nikolaev 1988: 142-143. \{2\} Much better attested are sàiva2, saîva2, sàive2 and saîve2. \{3\} This may be a compound containing ast- and cīu̯a- (see Lubotsky 2002). -
5 màkъ
màkъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: a Proto-Slavic meaning: `poppy'Page in Trubačev: XVII 149-151Church Slavic:Russian:Czech:mák `poppy' [m o]Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mȁk `poppy' [m o], mȁka [Gens], màka [Gens];Čak. mȁk (Vrgada) `poppy' [m o], makȁ [Gens]Slovene:màk `poppy' [m o], máka [Gens]Bulgarian:Proto-Balto-Slavic reconstruction: ?Lithuanian:aguonà `poppy' [f ā] 2;mãguonė (dial.) `poppy' [f ē] 1 \{1\}Latvian:Old Prussian:IE meaning: poppyCertainty: -Page in Pokorny: 698Comments: The Germanic forms show grammatischer Wechsel as well as an alternation *ā: a. The vocalism, which could reflect PIE *eh₁: h₁, does not match the ā of the Greek and the Slavic forms, which leads us to assume that the vowel alternation arose when at a comparatively late stage the root māk- was borrowed into Germanic (cf. Kluge 1989, 484). The Lithuanian and Latvian forms are usually considered borrowings from Germanic, whereas OPr. moke may have been borrowed from Polish. The Estonian and Livonian forms must be borrowings from Baltic, probably Latvian. It is generally agreed upon that ultimately we are dealing with a word of non-Indo-European (Mediterranean?) origin.Other cognates:Dor. μά̑κων `poppy' [f];Notes:\{1\} Besides, we find the variants maguona and magūna. The forms with m are restricted to the area around Klaipėda. \{2\} I have found the variants magùona2, magana, magane and magūne. \{3\} The initial m of the word for `poppy' was apparently lost in Lithuanian but not in Latvian. The Lithuanian dialect forms with m- may be due to the influence of the (Latvian) language of the fishermen of the Couronian Isthmus (cf. Būga RR III: 320). Sabaliauskas suggests dissimilatory loss of m, parallel to the loss of r in arotai: rarotai, akrūtas: rakrūtas, Latv. ruodere: uodere, ūk̨eris (1960, 71-72). \{4\} The first element means `sleep', cf. Nw. dial. vale `deep sleep', Sw. dial. valbjörn `Schlafdorn'. -
6 nȇrstъ
nȇrstъ; nȇrstь Grammatical information: m. o; f. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `spawning'Page in Trubačev: XXV 9-11Russian:nérest `spawning' [m o]Old Czech:neřest `spawning' [f i]Slovak:Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mrȉjest `roe of a small fish' [m o], mrȉjesta [Gens]Slovene:drẹ̑st `spawning' [m o]Lithuanian:ner̃štas `spawning' [m o] 2Latvian:nę̄̀rsts2 `spawning' [m o] -
7 nȇrstь
nȇrstъ; nȇrstь Grammatical information: m. o; f. i Accent paradigm: c Proto-Slavic meaning: `spawning'Page in Trubačev: XXV 9-11Russian:nérest `spawning' [m o]Old Czech:neřest `spawning' [f i]Slovak:Polish:Old Polish:Serbo-Croatian:mrȉjest `roe of a small fish' [m o], mrȉjesta [Gens]Slovene:drẹ̑st `spawning' [m o]Lithuanian:ner̃štas `spawning' [m o] 2Latvian:nę̄̀rsts2 `spawning' [m o] -
8 voskъ
voskъ Grammatical information: m. o Accent paradigm: b?/c Proto-Slavic meaning: `wax'Old Church Slavic:Russian:Ukrainian:vísk `wax' [m o], vósku [Gens]Czech:Slovak:Polish:Serbo-Croatian:vȍsak `wax' [m o], vȍska [Gens];Čak. (v)ȍsak (Vrgada, Orbanići) `wax' [m o], (v)ȍska [Gens]Slovene:vọ̑sǝk `wax' [m o], vọ̑ska [Gens];vọ̑sk `wax' [m o]Bulgarian:vósăk `wax' [m o]Lithuanian:vãškas `wax' [m o] 4Latvian:Indo-European reconstruction: uoḱs-ko-m??Other cognates: -
9 zьdati
zьdati Grammatical information: v. Proto-Slavic meaning: `build'Old Church Slavic:Old Russian:Serbo-Croatian:zídati `build' [verb], zȋdām [1sg];Čak. zīdȁt (Orbanići) `build, lay bricks' [verb], zĩdan [1sg]Slovene:zídati `build a wall' [verb], zídam [1sg]Bulgarian:zídam `lay bricks' [verb]Lithuanian:žiẽsti `form (from clay)' [verb], žiẽdžia [3sg]Latvian:zìest `coat with clay' [verb]Indo-European reconstruction: ǵʰidʰ-Notes:\{1\} Metathesized variant of *dʰeiǵʰ `knead clay, coat with loam'?
См. также в других словарях:
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