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81 עֲשָׁשִׁית
עֲשָׁשִׁיתf. (v. אָשַׁש a. עֶשֶׁת) 1) ע׳ של ברזל wrought iron, bar, ball.Pl. עֲשָׁשִׁיּוֹת. Yoma 34b ע׳ של ברזלוכ׳ lumps of wrought iron were heated for the high priest on the eve of the Day of Atonement; Tosef. ib. I, 20 (Var. עששית); Y. ib. III, 40c עֲשָׁשוֹת. Ab. Zar.16a אין מוכרין להם ע׳וכ׳ we must not sell them (the Romans) iron bars, … because they forge arms out of them (expl. פרזלא הינרואה, v. הִינְדָּוָא). Snh.108b יש לנו ע׳וכ׳ we have iron plates with which we can pave the ground (to prevent water coming up). 2) (v. אֶשֶׁש) glass ball, crystal, reflector, lantern. Ber.25b בע׳ covered with a translucent substance. Ib. 53a ע׳ שהיתה דולקתוכ׳ a lantern which has been burning the whole day (of the Sabbath); Y. ib. VI, 12b bot. R. Hash. 24a ראינוהו בע׳ we have seen the reflection of the moon in a crystal, v. אֶשֶׁש; a. e.Pl. as ab. Sabb.154b היתה בהמתו … וע׳ if his beast is laden with … glass lumps, expl. ib. בבולסא, v. בּוּלְסָא. -
82 barra de hierro dulce
• muck about• muck collector• rough bar of wrought iron• wrought• wrought-iron casting -
83 сварочная сталь
1) General subject: wrought iron2) Aviation: wrought steel3) Naval: welding iron4) Construction: weld iron, weldable steel, welding steel5) Oil&Gas technology weld steel6) Automation: piled steel -
84 сварочное железо
bushelled iron, weld iron, wrought iron, wrought metalРусско-английский исловарь по машиностроению и автоматизации производства > сварочное железо
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85 kovano gvožđe
• malleable iron; wrought iron; wrought-iron -
86 Cort, Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 1740 Lancaster, Englandd. 1800 Hampstead, near London, England[br]English ironmaster, inventor of the puddling process and grooved rollers for forming iron into bars.[br]His father was a mason and brickmaker but, anxious to improve himself, Cort set up in London in 1765 as a navy agent, said to have been a profitable business. He recognized that, at that time, the conversion of pig iron to malleable or wrought iron, which was needed in increasing quantities as developments in industry and mechanical engineering gathered pace, presented a bottleneck in the ironmaking process. The finery hearth was still in use, slow and inefficient and requiring the scarce charcoal as fuel. To tackle this problem, Cort gave up his business and acquired a furnace and slitting mill at Fontley, near Fareham in Hampshire. In 1784 he patented his puddling process, by which molten pig iron on the bed of a reverberatory furnace was stirred with an iron bar and, by the action of the flame and the oxygen in the air, the carbon in the pig iron was oxidized, leaving nearly pure iron, which could be forged to remove slag. In this type of furnace, the fuel and the molten iron were separated, so that the cheaper coal could be used as fuel. It was the stirring action with the iron bar that gave the name "puddling" to the process. Others had realized the problem and reached a similar solution, notably the brothers Thomas and George Cranage, but only Cort succeeded in developing a commercially viable process. The laborious hammering of the ball of iron thus produced was much reduced by an invention of the previous year, 1783. This too was patented. The iron was passed between grooved rollers to form it into bars. Cort entered into an agreement with Samuel Jellico to set up an ironworks at Gosport to exploit his inventions. Samuel's father Adam, Deputy Paymaster of the Navy, advanced capital for this venture, Cort having expended much of his own resources in the experimental work that preceded his inventions. However, it transpired that Jellico senior had, unknown to Cort, used public money to advance the capital; the Admiralty acted to recover the money and Cort lost heavily, including the benefits from his patents. Rival ironmasters were quick to pillage the patents. In 1790, and again the following year, Cort offered unsuccessfully to work for the military. Finally, in 1794, at the instigation of the Prime Minister, William Pitt the Younger, Cort was paid a pension of £200 per year in recognition of the value of his improvements in the technology of ironmaking, although this was reduced by deductions to £160. After his death, the pension to his widow was halved, while some of his children received a pittance. Without the advances made by Cort, however, the iron trade could not have met the rapidly increasing demand for iron during the industrial revolution.[br]Bibliography1787, A Brief State of Facts Relative to the New Method of Making Bar Iron with Raw Pit Coal and Grooved Rollers (held in the Science Museum Library archive collection).Further ReadingH.W.Dickinson, 1941, "Henry Cort's bicentary", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 21: 31–47 (there are further references to grooved rollers and the puddling process in Vol. 49 of the same periodical (1978), on pp. 153–8).R.A.Mott, 1983, Henry Con, the Great Finery Creator of Puddled Iron, Sheffield: Historical Metallurgy Society.LRD -
87 lavorato
legno carved* * *lavorato agg.1 worked; (sottomesso a trattamento) processed; (confezionato) manufactured, made; (intarsiato) inlaid: lavorato a maglia, knitted; lavorato a mano, a macchina, handmade, machine-made; lavorato a caldo, hot-processed; lavorato a sbalzo, embossed; lavorato in oro, wrought in gold; articoli lavorati, manufactured articles; ben lavorato, well finished; pietra lavorata, worked (o dressed) stone; prodotto lavorato, manufactured product; merce non lavorata, unmanufactured goods; zolfo, metallo lavorato, processed sulphur, metal; ferro lavorato, wrought iron; petrolio lavorato, refined (o processed) oil; cuoio lavorato, tooled leather2 (elaborato) elaborate: quest'abito è troppo lavorato, this dress is too elaborate3 (di terreno) tilled, cultivated.* * *[lavo'rato] 1.participio passato lavorare2.1) (rifinito) [legno, pietra] carved; [ metallo] wrought; [ pelle] tooled; (industrialmente) processed2) [ terreno] tilled* * *lavorato/lavo'rato/→ lavorareII aggettivo1 (rifinito) [legno, pietra] carved; [ metallo] wrought; [ pelle] tooled; (industrialmente) processed2 [ terreno] tilled. -
88 ferro sm
['fɛrro]1) (metallo) iron2) (strumento: gen) toolessere sotto i ferri — (di chirurgo) to be under the knife
cucinare o fare qc ai ferri — to grill sth
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89 ferro
sm ['fɛrro]1) (metallo) iron2) (strumento: gen) toolessere sotto i ferri — (di chirurgo) to be under the knife
cucinare o fare qc ai ferri — to grill sth
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90 ковкий чугун
1) Engineering: ductile iron, malleable cast iron, annealed cast iron2) Construction: wrought iron3) Railway term: malleable casting4) Metallurgy: di, malleable iron, malleable iron (США)8) Electrochemistry: annealed cast-iron -
91 чугун
I муж.; только ед.II муж.зеркальный чугун — specular cast iron, spiegeleisen
cast-iron kettle/pot (посуда) -
92 Bessemer, Sir Henry
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. 19 January 1813 Charlton (near Hitchin), Hertfordshire, Englandd. 15 January 1898 Denmark Hill, London, England[br]English inventor of the Bessemer steelmaking process.[br]The most valuable part of Bessemer's education took place in the workshop of his inventor father. At the age of only 17 he went to London to seek his fortune and set himself up in the trade of casting art works in white metal. He went on to the embossing of metals and other materials and this led to his first major invention, whereby a date was incorporated in the die for embossing seals, thus preventing the wholesale forgeries that had previously been committed. For this, a grateful Government promised Bessemer a paid position, a promise that was never kept; recognition came only in 1879 with a belated knighthood. Bessemer turned to other inventions, mainly in metalworking, including a process for making bronze powder and gold paint. After he had overcome technical problems, the process became highly profitable, earning him a considerable income during the forty years it was in use.The Crimean War presented inventors such as Bessemer with a challenge when weaknesses in the iron used to make the cannon became apparent. In 1856, at his Baxter House premises in St Paneras, London, he tried fusing cast iron with steel. Noticing the effect of an air current on the molten mixture, he constructed a reaction vessel or converter in which air was blown through molten cast iron. There was a vigorous reaction which nearly burned the house down, and Bessemer found the iron to be almost completely decarburized, without the slag threads always present in wrought iron. Bessemer had in fact invented not only a new process but a new material, mild steel. His paper "On the manufacture of malleable iron and steel without fuel" at the British Association meeting in Cheltenham later that year created a stir. Bessemer was courted by ironmasters to license the process. However, success was short-lived, for they found that phosphorus in the original iron ore passed into the metal and rendered it useless. By chance, Bessemer had used in his trials pig-iron, derived from haematite, a phosphorus-free ore. Bessemer tried hard to overcome the problem, but lacking chemical knowledge he resigned himself to limiting his process to this kind of pig-iron. This limitation was removed in 1879 by Sidney Gilchrist Thomas, who substituted a chemically basic lining in the converter in place of the acid lining used by Bessemer. This reacted with the phosphorus to form a substance that could be tapped off with the slag, leaving the steel free from this harmful element. Even so, the new material had begun to be applied in engineering, especially for railways. The open-hearth process developed by Siemens and the Martin brothers complemented rather than competed with Bessemer steel. The widespread use of the two processes had a revolutionary effect on mechanical and structural engineering and earned Bessemer around £1 million in royalties before the patents expired.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1879. FRS 1879. Royal Society of Arts Albert Gold Medal 1872.Bibliography1905, Sir Henry Bessemer FRS: An Autobiography, London.LRD -
93 кованая ограда
General subject: wrought iron railings (с вертикальными прутьями), wrought iron fence -
94 ограждение из стальных прутьев
Architecture: wrought iron fence, wrought iron fencingУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ограждение из стальных прутьев
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95 решётка из кованого железа
1) Construction: wrought-iron lattice2) Architecture: wrought iron latticeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > решётка из кованого железа
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96 Schweißeisenkabel
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97 kuty
The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > kuty
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98 forja
f.1 forge.2 forging.pres.indicat.3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: forjar.imperat.2nd person singular (tú) Imperative of Spanish verb: forjar.* * *1 (fragua) forge2 (forjado) forging3 (ferrería) ironworks, foundry4 figurado (formación) formation* * *noun f.* * *SF1) (=fragua) forge; (=fundición) foundry2) (=acción) forging* * ** * *= forge.Ex. Greeks and Egyptians first used bellows before 1500 B.C to heat up furnaces in forges.* * ** * *= forge.Ex: Greeks and Egyptians first used bellows before 1500 B.C to heat up furnaces in forges.
* * *(fragua, taller) forge; (acción) forgingla forja de su carácter the molding o forging of his character* * *
Del verbo forjar: ( conjugate forjar)
forja es:
3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) presente indicativo2ª persona singular (tú) imperativo
Multiple Entries:
forja
forjar
forjar ( conjugate forjar) verbo transitivo
‹ metal› to work
‹ plan› to make;
‹ilusiones/esperanzas› to build up
‹amistad/alianza› to forge
forjarse verbo pronominal ‹ porvenir› to shape, forge;
‹ ilusiones› to build up
forja sustantivo femenino
1 forge
2 wrought iron: me he comprado unos muebles de jardín de forja, I bought some wrought-iron patio furniture
forjar verbo transitivo
1 (un metal) to forge
2 (una empresa, una ilusión) to create, make
' forja' also found in these entries:
English:
forge
* * *forja nf1. [taller] forge2. [forjadura] forging* * *f1 taller forge2 acción forging* * *forja nffragua: forge -
99 fer forgé
Dictionnaire d'ingénierie, d'architecture et de construction > fer forgé
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100 ferro battuto
См. также в других словарях:
Wrought iron — is commercially pure iron. In contrast to steel, it has a very low carbon content. It is a fibrous material due to the slag inclusions (a normal constituent). This is also what gives it a grain resembling wood, which is visible when it is etched… … Wikipedia
wrought iron — wrought iron, adj. a form of iron, almost entirely free of carbon and having a fibrous structure including a uniformly distributed slag content, that is readily forged and welded. [1670 80] * * * One of the two forms in which iron is obtained by… … Universalium
Wrought iron — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen, [=i]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [=i]sarn, OHG. [=i]sarn, [=i]san, G. eisen, Icel. [=i]sarn, j[=a]rn, Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
wrought iron — Iron I ron ([imac] [u^]rn), n. [OE. iren, AS. [=i]ren, [=i]sen, [=i]sern; akin to D. ijzer, OS. [=i]sarn, OHG. [=i]sarn, [=i]san, G. eisen, Icel. [=i]sarn, j[=a]rn, Sw. & Dan. jern, and perh. to E. ice; cf. Ir. iarann, W. haiarn, Armor. houarn.]… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Wrought iron furniture — is furniture made by bending, shaping, and welding wrought iron. It has a long history, dating back to Roman times. [ wrought iron door furniture being commonplace in Roman times in [http://www.realwroughtiron.com/wiac.htm realwroughtiron.com] ] … Wikipedia
Wrought iron — Wrought Wrought, a. Worked; elaborated; not rough or crude. [1913 Webster] {Wrought iron}. See under {Iron}. [1913 Webster] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
wrought iron — n. a kind of iron that contains some slag and very little carbon: it is resistant to corrosion, tough, and ductile, and is used in fences, grating, rivets, etc. wrought iron adj … English World dictionary
wrought-iron — wroughtˈ iron adjective • • • Main Entry: ↑wrought … Useful english dictionary
wrought iron — n [U] long thin pieces of iron formed into shapes to make gates, fences etc … Dictionary of contemporary English
wrought iron — noun uncount iron used for making things such as fences and gates, especially for decoration … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
wrought iron — ► NOUN ▪ a tough malleable form of iron suitable for forging or rolling rather than casting … English terms dictionary