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1 ó-
usually reduced to o- when unstressed a prefix "used in words describing the meeting, junction, or union of two things or persons, or of two groups thought of as units". In omentië, onóna, ónoni, q.v. WJ:367, PE17:191; in the Etymologies, stem WŌ, the prefix o-, ó- is simply defined as "together". In VT43:29 is found a table showing how pronominal endings can be added to the preposition ó-; the resulting forms are onyë or óni *"with me", ómë *"with us" also in VT43:36, where "us" is said to be exclusive, ólyë or ólë *"with you" olyë only sg. "you", whereas ólë can be either sg. or pl., ósë *"with him/her", ótë *"with them" of animates where "them" refers to non-persons, óta or shortened ót is used, though the conceptual validity of ta as a pl. pronoun is questionable, ósa or shortened ós "with it". Two additional forms, ótar and ótari, presumably mean with them of inanimate things; see VT49:56 for a possible second attestation of tar as the word for plural inanimate they. However, Tolkien's later decision to the effect that ó- refers to two parties only may throw doubt upon the conceptual validity of some of these forms, where at least three persons would be implied like ótë "with them", where one person is "with" two or more others though Tolkien indicates that two groups may also be involved where the preposition ó- is used. The explicit statement in WJ:367 that the prepostion o variant of ó did not exist independently in Quenya is however difficult to get around, so instead using the preposition ó/o with or without endings for "with", writers may rather use as, the form appearing in the last version of Tolkien's Quenya Hail Mary also attested with a pronominal suffix: aselyë "with you". -
2 vaiya
waiya also vaia, waia noun "envelope", especially of the Outer Sea or Air enfolding the world within the Ilurambar or world-walls WAY, capitalized Vaiya under GEY; the latter entry was struck out. In a "Qenya" text in MC:214, vaiya is simply translated "sky". In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, vaiya / waiya was also the name of a tengwa letter that does not appear in Tolkien's later table, but which was apparently intended to have the value w v, like the letter wilya vilya in the later, canonical system VT46:21. According to Arden R. Smith, the form of the pre-classical letter is a variant of \#21, which letter Tolkien would later call vala VT46:32. -
3 -ngwë
we, 1st person dual inclusive pronominal ending: *thou and I compare the exclusive dual form -mmë. Caringwë, *the two of us do VT49:16. One source lists the ending as -inke -inque instead VT49:51, 53, 57; inke was apparently Old Quenya. In an earlier pronoun table reproduced in VT49:48, the ending -ngwë is listed as an alternative to -lmë, which Tolkien at the time used as the plural inclusive ending a later revision made it plural exclusive.
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