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1 -t
1 dual ending, on nouns denoting a pair of something: attat "2 fathers or neighbours" VT48:19; see atto, máryat "her pair of hands" Nam, siryat "two rivers" VT47:11, ciriat "2 ships" Letters:427 read ciryat as in the Plotz Letter?, maquat "group of ten" from maqua, meaning among other things "group of five" VT47:7, nápat "thumb and index as a pair" VT48:5, also compare met "us two" as the dual form of me "us" Nam, VT47:11. Other dual endings known from the Plotz letter: genitive -to, possessive -twa, dative -nt, locative -tsë, allative -nta, ablative -lto, instrumental -nten, plus -tes as a possible short locative. It may be that these endings only apply to nouns that would have nominative dual forms in -t, and that nouns preferring the alternative dual ending -u would simply add the otherwise "singular" case endings to this vowel, e.g. *Alduo rather than ?Alduto as the genitive form of "Two Trees" Aldu. The ending -t is also used as a verbal inflection, corresponding to pl. -r elen atta siluvaut/u, two stars shall shine, VT49:45; the verb carit do would also be used with a dual subject, VT49:16; cf. also the endings listed in VT49:48, 50. 2 "them", pronominal ending; seen in the word laituvalmet "we shall bless them" lait-uva-lme-t "bless-shall-we-them". According to PE17:110, this -t covers both sg. and dual. Also independent word te pl. and tú dual possibly *tu when unstressed. 3 reduced pronominal affix of the 2. person, "you" sg., the long form being -tyë both endings are listed in VT49:48. See heca regarding the example hecat WJ:364. However, in a later source, Tolkien denies that -tyë has any short form VT49:51, 57. The status of the ending -t is therefore doubtful. -
2 veru
1 noun husband VT49:45. An earlier source gives the word for husband as venno. 2 dual noun "husband and wife, married pair" BES. Obsoleted by \#1 above? Notice that the word veru married pair comes from the same source that has venno rather than veru as the word for husband. -
3 má
noun "hand" MA3, LT2:339, Narqelion, VT39:10, VT45:30, VT47:6, 18, 19; the dual "a pair of hands" is attested both by itself as mát VT47:6 and with a pronominal suffix as máryat "his/her pair of hands" see -rya, -t Nam, RGEO:67. The nominative plural form was only máli, not **már VT47:6, though plurals in -r may occur in some of the cases, as indicated by the pl. allative mannar "into hands" FS. Mánta their hand, dual mántat their hands two hands each PE17:161. Cf. also the compounds mátengwië "language of the hands" VT47:9 and Lungumá "Heavyhand" VT47:19; also compare the adj. -maitë "-handed". See also málimë. -
4 -yë
4 conj. "and" as a suffix added to the second of a pair, as Menel Cemenyë "Heaven and Earth" VT47:30, 31, VT49:25. Other "pairs" are mentioned as examples but not actually translated into Quenya by Tolkien: Sun and Moon *Anar Isilyë, Land and Sea *Nór Eäryë, fire and water *nárë nenyë, or *úr nenyë. -
5 nápat
noun "thumb and index as a pair", a dual formation. Apparently formed from \#nápa, an alternative form of nápo "thumb"; Telerin also has a final -a rather than -o in this word VT48:5; etymology, VT48:16 -
6 lár
1 noun "league", a linear measure, 5000 rangar q.v.. A ranga was approximately 38 inches, so a lár was "5277 yards, two feet and four inches ca. 4826 m, supposing the equivalence to be exact" - close enough to our league of 5280 yards to justify this translation. The basic meaning of lár is "pause";in marches a brief halt was made for each league. UT:285 2 noun "ear" ?. Tolkien's wording is not clear, but ¤lasū is given as an ancient dual form "pair of ears"; Quenya lár could represent the old singular las- LASsup2/sup. In a post-LotR source, Tolkien derives hlas ear dual hlaru from a stem SLAS PE17:62. Initial hl- rather than l- reflects the revised form of the stem LAS becoming SLAS, and in the later version of the phonology, postvocalic -s does not become -r when final. Compare the noun dream, given as olor in the Etymologies LOS, but as olos pl. olori in a later source UT:396 -
7 onóna
1 adj. "twin-born"; 2 noun "one of a pair of twins"; pl. ónoni "twins" WJ:367
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