-
21 lobby
['lɔbɪ] 1. n( of building) westybul m, hall m; ( POL) lobby nt inv2. vtMP etc wywierać nacisk na +acc* * *['lobi] 1. plural - lobbies; noun1) (a (small) entrance-hall: a hotel lobby.) hall, westybul2) (a group of people who try to influence the Government etc in a certain way or for a certain purpose.) grupa nacisku, lobby2. verb(to try to influence (the Government etc).) naciskać na -
22 machinery
[mə'ʃiːnərɪ]n( equipment) maszyny pl; ( fig) ( of government etc) mechanizm m (funkcjonowania +gen)* * *1) (machines in general: Many products are made by machinery rather than by hand.) urządzenia mechaniczne2) (the workings or processes: the machinery of government.) mechanizm -
23 pass
[pɑːs] 1. vttime spędzać (spędzić perf); salt, glass etc podawać (podać perf); place, person mijać (minąć perf); car wyprzedzać (wyprzedzić perf); exam zdawać (zdać perf); law uchwalać (uchwalić perf); proposal przyjmować (przyjąć perf); ( fig) limit, mark przekraczać (przekroczyć perf)Phrasal Verbs:- pass by- pass for- pass on- pass out- pass up2. viperson przechodzić (przejść perf); ( in exam etc) zdawać (zdać perf); time mijać (minąć perf); vehicle przejeżdżać (przejechać perf)3. n( permit) przepustka f; ( in mountains) przełęcz f; (SPORT) podanie ntto get a pass in ( SCOL) — otrzymywać (otrzymać perf) zaliczenie z +gen
to make a pass at sb ( inf) — przystawiać się do kogoś (inf)
* * *1. verb1) (to move towards and then beyond (something, by going past, through, by, over etc): I pass the shops on my way to work; The procession passed along the corridor.) przechodzić2) (to move, give etc from one person, state etc to another: They passed the photographs around; The tradition is passed (on/down) from father to son.) przekazywać, podawać3) (to go or be beyond: This passes my understanding.) przechodzić, być ponad4) ((of vehicles etc on a road) to overtake: The sports car passed me at a dangerous bend in the road.) wyprzedzać5) (to spend (time): They passed several weeks in the country.) spędzać6) ((of an official group, government etc) to accept or approve: The government has passed a resolution.) uchwalić7) (to give or announce (a judgement or sentence): The magistrate passed judgement on the prisoner.) wydać wyrok8) (to end or go away: His sickness soon passed.) minąć, przejść9) (to (judge to) be successful in (an examination etc): I passed my driving test.) zdać2. noun1) (a narrow path between mountains: a mountain pass.) przełęcz2) (a ticket or card allowing a person to do something, eg to travel free or to get in to a building: You must show your pass before entering.) przepustka3) (a successful result in an examination, especially when below a distinction, honours etc: There were ten passes and no fails.) zdanie egzaminu, pozytywna ocena4) ((in ball games) a throw, kick, hit etc of the ball from one player to another: The centre-forward made a pass towards the goal.) podanie•- passable- passing
- passer-by
- password
- in passing
- let something pass
- let pass
- pass as/for
- pass away
- pass the buck
- pass by
- pass off
- pass something or someone off as
- pass off as
- pass on
- pass out
- pass over
- pass up -
24 republic
[rɪ'pʌblɪk]n* * *((a country with) a form of government in which there is no king or queen, the power of government, law-making etc being given to one or more elected representatives (eg a president, members of a parliament etc): The United States is a republic - the United Kingdom is not.) republika -
25 republican
[rɪ'pʌblɪkən] 1. adj 2. nrepublikanin(-anka) m(f); (US, POL)Republican — Republikanin(-anka) m(f)
* * *1) (of a republic: a republican form of government.) republikański2) (( also noun) (a person) who supports a republican form of government: He is not a monarchist - he is a republican; my republican friends.) republikanin -
26 rule
[ruːl] 1. n( norm) reguła f; ( regulation) przepis m; ( government) rządy pl, panowanie nt2. vtrządzić +instr3. vito rule (over sb/sth) — rządzić (kimś/czymś)
to rule in favour of/against/on — wydawać (wydać perf) orzeczenie na korzyść +gen /na niekorzyść +gen /w sprawie +gen
to rule that … — orzekać (orzec perf), że …
as a rule of thumb, … — można przyjąć, że …
Phrasal Verbs:- rule out* * *[ru:l] 1. noun1) (government: under foreign rule.) panowanie2) (a regulation or order: school rules.) przepis3) (what usually happens or is done; a general principle: He is an exception to the rule that fat people are usually happy.) reguła4) (a general standard that guides one's actions: I make it a rule never to be late for appointments.) zasada5) (a marked strip of wood, metal etc for measuring: He measured the windows with a rule.) miara, przymiar2. verb1) (to govern: The king ruled (the people) wisely.) rządzić2) (to decide officially: The judge ruled that the witness should be heard.) zawyrokować3) (to draw (a straight line): He ruled a line across the page.) narysować (linię)•- ruled- ruler
- ruling 3. noun(an official decision: The judge gave his ruling.) orzeczenie- rule off
- rule out -
27 act
n abbr= American College Test standardowy test dla kandydatów na studia* * *[ækt] 1. verb1) (to do something: It's time the government acted to lower taxes.) działać2) (to behave: He acted foolishly at the meeting.) zachowywać się3) (to perform (a part) in a play: He has acted (the part of Romeo) in many theatres; I thought he was dying, but he was only acting (= pretending).) grać, występować2. noun1) (something done: Running away is an act of cowardice; He committed many cruel acts.) akt, wyczyn2) ((often with capital) a law: Acts of Parliament.) akt3) (a section of a play: `Hamlet' has five acts.) akt, prawo, ustawa4) (an entertainment: an act called `The Smith Family'.) występ sceniczny, numer•- acting- actor
- act as
- act on
- act on behalf of / act for
- in the act of
- in the act
- put on an act -
28 administration
[ədmɪnɪs'treɪʃən]nthe Administration (US) — rząd
* * *1) (management: He's in charge of administration at the hospital.) kierownictwo2) ((the people who carry on) the government of a country etc.) rząd -
29 agency
['eɪdʒənsɪ]n ( COMM)agencja f; ( government body) urząd m, biuro ntthrough/by the agency of — za pośrednictwem +gen
* * * -
30 amnesty
['æmnɪstɪ]namnestia fto grant an amnesty to — udzielać (udzielić perf) amnestii +dat
* * *['æmnəsti]plural - amnesties; noun(a general pardon given to people who have done wrong especially against the government: The murderer was released under the amnesty declared by the new president.) amnestia -
31 anarchist
['ænəkɪst] 1. nanarchista(-tka) m(f)2. adj* * *1) (a person who believes that governments are unnecessary or undesirable.) anarchista2) (a person who tries to overturn the government by violence.) anarchista -
32 approach
[ə'prəutʃ] 1. vi 2. vtplace zbliżać się (zbliżyć się perf) do +gen; person, problem podchodzić (podejść perf) do +gen; (ask, apply to) zwracać się (zwrócić się perf) do +gen3. n( of person) nadejście nt; ( proposal) propozycja f, oferta f; (access, path) droga f, dojście nt; ( to problem) podejście ntto approach sb about sth — zwracać się (zwrócić się perf) do kogoś o coś
* * *[ə'prəu ] 1. verb(to come near (to): The car approached (the traffic lights) at top speed; Christmas is approaching.) zwracać/zbliżać się do2. noun1) (the act of coming near: The boys ran off at the approach of a policeman.) zbliżanie się2) (a road, path etc leading to a place: All the approaches to the village were blocked by fallen rock.) podejście, podjazd3) (an attempt to obtain or attract a person's help, interest etc: They have made an approach to the government for help; That fellow makes approaches to (= he tries to become friendly with) every woman he meets.) zwrócenie się, podejście, zaloty•- approaching -
33 authority
[ɔː'θɔrɪtɪ]n( power) władza f; ( expert) autorytet m; ( government body) administracja f; ( official permission) pozwolenie nt* * *[o:'Ɵorəti]plural - authorities; noun1) (the power or right to do something: He gave me authority to act on his behalf.) pełnomocnictwo, upoważnienie2) (a person who is an expert, or a book that can be referred to, on a particular subject: He is an authority on Roman history.) autorytet3) ((usually in plural) the person or people who have power in an administration etc: The authorities would not allow public meetings.) władze4) (a natural quality in a person which makes him able to control and influence people: a man of authority.) autorytet•- authoritative -
34 autocracy
[o:'tokrəsi]noun (government by an autocrat.) autokracja -
35 autocratic
[ɔːtə'krætɪk]adj* * *1) (having absolute power: an autocratic government.) autokratyczny2) (expecting complete obedience: a very autocratic father.) autokratyczny -
36 axe
[æks] 1. (US ax) nsiekiera f, topór m2. vtrobić (zrobić perf) cięcia w +loc* * *[æks] 1. noun(a tool with a (long) handle and a metal blade for cutting down trees and cutting wood etc into pieces.) siekiera2. verb1) (to get rid of; to dismiss: They've axed 50% of their staff.) zwolniać2) (to reduce (costs, services etc): Government spending in education has been axed.) obciąć -
37 ban
[bæn] 1. nzakaz m2. vtzakazywać (zakazać perf) +gen* * *[bæn] 1. noun(an order that a certain thing may not be done: a ban on smoking.) zakaz2. verb(to forbid: The government banned publication of his book.) zakazać -
38 bring down
vt* * *(to cause to fall: The storm brought all the trees down.) zwalić, przewrócić -
39 capital
['kæpɪtl]n* * *I 1. ['kæpitl] noun1) (the chief town or seat of government: Paris is the capital of France.) stolica2) ((also capital letter) any letter of the type found at the beginning of sentences, proper names etc: THESE ARE CAPITAL LETTERS / CAPITALS.) duża litera, wersalik3) (money (for investment etc): You need capital to start a new business.) kapitał2. adjective1) (involving punishment by death: a capital offence.) główny2) (excellent: a capital idea.) znakomity3) ((of a city) being a capital: Paris and other capital cities.) stołeczny•- capitalist
- capitalist
- capitalistic II ['kæpitl] noun(in architecture, the top part of a column of a building etc.) kapitel -
40 career
[kə'rɪə(r)] 1. nkariera f2. vi(also: career along) pędzić (popędzić perf)change/choice of career — zmiana/wybór zawodu
* * *[kə'riə] 1. noun1) (a way of making a living (usually professional): a career in publishing.) kariera, zawód2) (course; progress (through life): The present government is nearly at the end of its career.) kadencja, okres2. verb(to move rapidly and dangerously: The brakes failed and the car careered down the hill.) pędzić
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