-
41 VEIG
(pl. -ar), f.1) strong beverage, drink (hann skal drekka dýrar veigar);2) pith, strength (fór þat líð aptr, er honum, þótti minni veig í).* * *f., pl. veigar, [A. S. wæge; Hel. wêgi], a kind of strong beverage, drink; öl heitir með mönnum … kalla veig Vanir, Alm. 35; dýrar veigar, Hdl. 49, Hkv. 2. 44; skírar veigar, Vtkv. 7; fagrar veigar, Fas. i. 494 (in a verse); kná-at sú veig vanask, Gm. 25; Fjölnis veig, the drink of F., i. e. poetry, Kormak; Dvalins veig, id.; bjór-veig, a draught of beer, Hým. 8.2. metaph. pith, strength, gist; in the popular phrase, það er engin veig í honum (mod. veigr); spyrr Oddr hvar hann vísi honum til þess víkings er nokkur veig sé í, Fas. ii. 522; fór þat lið aptr er honum þótti minni veig í, Fms. iv. 350, v. l. (fylgð, Ó. H. 159, l. c.)II. in pr. names of women, Gull-veig (Vsp.), Þór-veig, Sól-veig, Álm-veig (Hdl.), Mjað-veig (Maurer’s Volks.) -
42 víð-förull
adj. far-travelling, Fms. i. 100, Al. 11; as a nickname, inn víðförli, the far-traveller, Oddr, Þorvaldr, Eiríkr, Hrani inn víðförli, Fms. i. 60, 274, Fb, i. 29 sqq. -
43 YDDA
* * *(yddi), v. to show the point on the other side (S. lagði sverðinu í gegnum hann, svá at út yddi um bakit).* * *d, [oddr], to shew the point on the other side, when a weapon is run through; gegnum skjöld ok brjóst svá at yddi um bakit, Eg. 380, Fms. viii. 332; laust undir kverkina, svá at yddi út um hnakkann, vii. 211; [róa] svá langt vestr sem yddir bænhuss-krossinn heima á Sævarlandi, to pull westwards till the point of the cross at home at S. is just seen, Dipl. iv. 9; það yddir á e-u, the point is seen, e. g. of a steeple or mountain seen at a distance. -
44 ygla
(-da, -dr), v. to wrinkle; hann yglir brýnn, he knits the brows, he frowns;refl., yglast á e-n, to frown at or upon one (konungrinn ygldist á sveininn).* * *ð, [ugla; rp. Engl. ugly], to frown; hann yglir brýnn, Sks. 228; hann yglir augu, 227; but ygla brúnum, 226; með reiðum augum ok ygldum brúnum, Karl. 136: reflex., konungrinn ygldisk á hann en sveinninn sá upp í móti honum. Ó. H. 63, Fas. iii. 178; Oddr var ygldr mjök, Fb. i. 254; hann var ygldr mjök ok spurði hvat komit væri, Fms. ii. 98. -
45 ÞEIR
(þær, þau), dem. pron. pl. they, those, answering to the sing. ‘sá, sú, þat’, and ‘hann, hón, þat’;1) the neut. pl. ‘þau’ as collective for a masc. and fem.; síðan gengu þau (sc. Njáll and Bergthora) inn bæði;2) ‘þeir’ is frequently used before an adv., or a prep. with its complement; þeir norðr þar, those there in the north; þeir fyrir austan árnar, those east of the rivers;3) pleonast. before the names of two or more persons; þau Ásgerðr ok Þorsteinn, Asgerd and Thorstein; börn þeira Hildigunnar ok Kára váru þeir Starkaðr ok Flosi, the children of H. and K. were these, S. and F.; þeir feðgar, father and son;4) ellipt., before the name of a single person; þeir Oddr, O. and his men; frá skiptum þeira Þórðar, about the dealings of Thord and Björn; þau Asgerðr, Asgerd and her son (Thorstein).* * *þær, þau. This is the plur. of the personal pron., answering to sing. hann, hón, þat; gen. þeira and mod. þeirra; dat. þeim; acc. þá, þær, þau; in mod. speech þau is sounded þaug, which form occurs as early as Run. Gramm. of 1651, and often rhymes in mod. poets with words ending in g, e. g. flaug, þaug, Bb. 2. 17: [the A. S. uses the forms hi, hira, him, hi, and so in early South. E., whereas the North. E. has thay, thair, thaim; South. E. and Chaucer hii, here, hem, Morris’ Specimens, p. xv; Dan. de, deres, early Dan. deræ, dat. dem.]A. They, them, theirs (see Gramm. p. xxi); töluðu þeir mart, ríða þeir heim af þingi; þeir kómu í Fljótshlíð, Gunnarr tók vel við þeim; Njáll mælti til þeirra …, slíkar fortölur hafði hann fyrir þeim, … þeir spurðu þær tíðenda, báðu þær eigi leyna, þær sögðu svá vera skyldu; at þeim muni ílla sækjask at vinna oss, … vér getum þá eigi með vápnum sótta, and so in endless instances.2. a peculiarity of the Icel. is the constant use of the neut. plur. ‘þau’ as collective for a masc. and fem.; síðan gengu þau inn bæði (i. e. Njall and Bergthora), at hann skyldi breiða yfir þau húðina; börn þeirra Þjálfa ok Rösku, ok görðusk þau … þá er þau höfðu gengit litla hríð, Edda 28; Ask ok Emblu … önd þau né áttu óð þau né höfðu, Vsp.; and so also of things, e. g. þau páll og reka; þau hönd og fótr, and so on.B. Special usages; this pronoun is used collectively before the names of two or more persons, the neuter being used when the persons are of different sexes:1. where more than one are expressly named; þau Ásgerðr ok Þorsteinn, they, Asgerd and Thorstein, Eg. 702; þeir Starkaðr ok Þórðr, ok Flosi, Nj. 282; börn þeirra Hildigunnar ok Kára, the children of H. and K., id.; synir þeirra Starkaðar ok Hallberu vóru þeir Þorgeirr ok Börkr ok Þorkell, 89; synir hans vóru þeir Kolr ok Óttarr ok Haukr, id.; bræðr Hallgerðar vóru þeir Þorleikr, faðir Bolla, ok Ólafr faðir Kjartans, ok Bárðr, they, Thorleik, Olave, and Bard, 2; faðir þeirra Þorkels föður Brands, ok Þorgils föður míns, Jb. 20 (restored by Maurer; the emendation in the Editions is an error; the passage is parallel to that given above from Nj.); Þórr ok þeir lagsmenn, Thor and they—his followers, Edda 28.2. ellipt., as it seems, where the one part is understood, and not named; in this case the neut. þau is used whenever the name understood is different in gender; þeim Oddi, to Odd and his men, Fms. vi. 379; þeir Vagn, W. and his men; þeir Pálnatóki, P. and his men, xi. 95; þeir Þóroddr, … þeim Þóroddi, Hkr. ii. 251; frá skiptum þeirra Þórðar, the dealings of Thord ( and Björn), Fms. iv. 110; þeir feðgar, they, father and son, Nj. 8; þau Ásgerðr, Asgerd and her son, Eg. 702; vinátta var með þeim frændum þeirra, i. e. between him and their kinsmen, Grett. 132; þeirra bræðra, Fms. xi. 160; þeir í Orkneyjum, Nj. 270; af þeim ( those) fyrir austan árnar, 210.—This use of the pronoun þeir, þær, þau is peculiar to the old Scandin. and Icel. tongue, and is not found in any other Teut. language. We take it to be a remnant from an ancient time when the article was still used detached and not suffixed, being, as in Homeric Greek, used half as a demonstrative pronoun; thus Iliad viii. 457, αϊδ Ἀθηναίη τε και Ἤρη, sounds quite Icel., þær Aþena og Hera; Icel. extend it also to the other cases, þeirra (gen.) Aþenu og Heru, þeim Aþenu og Heru; cp. also II. xiii. 496, 526; the usage of the neut., as above, seems peculiar to Icel. It is therefore an error to explain ‘þeir Þóroddr,’ etc., as if a copula ‘ok’ had been dropped between the pronoun and the pr. name, þeir ‘ok’ Þóroddr; it is in fact an elliptical abbreviated version of the usage in B. 1: similar is the use of hann and hón for the sing. (see hann B. II. p. 239, col. 1), and of Gr. ὁ as in Od. xxi. 181.C. For this pronoun as demonstrative, see þat, p. 731. -
46 ÞÓRR
m. the god Thor.* * *m., gen. Þórs, dat. and acc. Þór, but Þóri dat., Bragi; in Runic inscriptions spelt Þur; [A. S. þunor; Engl. thunder; North. E. thunner; Dutch donder; O. H. G. donar; Germ. donner; Hel. thunar; Dan. Tor, in tor-den; cp. Lat. tŏno and tonitrus; the word Þór-r is therefore formed by absorption of the middle n, and contraction of an older dissyllabic Þonor into one syllable, and is a purely Scandinavian form; hence in A. S. charters or diplomas it is a sure sign of forgery when names compd with þur- appear in deeds pretending to be of a time earlier than the Danish invasion in the 9th century; although in later times they abound; the Engl. Thurs-day is a later form, in which the phonetic rule of the Scandin. tongue has been followed; perh. it is a North. E. form. There is a short essay by Jacob Grimm on the etymology of this word.]A. The god Thor, the god of thunder, keeper of the hammer, the ever-fighting slayer of trolls and destroyer of evil spirits, the friend of mankind, the defender of the earth, the heavens, and the gods, for without Thor and his hammer the earth would become the helpless prey of the giants. He was the consecrator, the hammer being the cross or holy sign of the ancient heathen, hence the expressive phrase on a heathen Danish Runic stone, Þurr vigi þassi runar, ‘Thor, consecrate these Runes!’ Rafn 193. Thor was the son of mother Earth; blunt, hot-tempered, without fraud or guile, of few words and ready stroke,—such was Thor, the favourite deity of the ancients. The finest legends of the Edda, - and the best lays (the lays of Hymir, Thrym, and Harbard) refer to Thor, see the Edda passim, Eb. the first chapters—hann varðveitti þar í eyinni Þórs-hof, ok var mikill vin Þórs, … hann gékk til fréttar við Þór ástvin sinn …, Eb.; Helgi var blandinn í trú, hann trúði á Krist, en hét á Þór til sjófara ok harðræða, Landn. 206. For a head of Thor carved on the high-seat pillars, see Eb., Fbr.: or on a talisman, Fs. 97.B. COMPDS OF PROPER NAMES.—The name of Thor has always been thought to sound well, and is much used in pr. names; (hann átti) son er Steinn hét, þann svein gaf Þórólfr Þór vin símim ok kallaði Þorstein, Eb.; uncompd only in the form Þórir of a man, Þóra of a woman, but common in compds, where in mod. usage the vowel is sounded long before a vowel, and before b and d, elsewhere short, but in old times it was no doubt ó throughout;—thus, as a prefix, Þór-álfr, Þórólfr, Þórarr, Þór-arinn, Þór-oddr, Þór-haddr, Þór-halli, Þór-hallr; but Þor-bergr, Þor-björn, Þor-brandr, Þor-finnr, Þor-gautr, Þor-geirr, Þor-gestr (Þórgestlingar, the family of Th., Eb.), Þor-grímr, Þor-gils, Þor-gnýr, Þor-kell (qs. Þorketill), Þor-lákr (sounded Þollákr, Bs. i. 356, l. 18, and so in mod. usage), Þor-leifr, Þor-leikr, Þor-ljótr, Þor-móðr, Þor-mundr (Dan. Runic stone), Þor-steinn (sounded Þosteinn, and often, spelt so in later vellums), Þor-valdr, Þor-varðr, Þór-viðr; of women, Þór-ey, Þór-arna, Þor-finna, Þor-gríma, Þor-gunna, Þór-halla, Þór-hildr, Þór-unn, Þór-dís, Þor-gerðr, Þor-björg, Þor-katla, Þór-ný, Þor-veig, Þór-vör. 2. as a suffix. -Þórr, -Þóra, -dórr, -dóra; Arn-órr, qs. Arn-þórr and Arn-óra, Stein-dórr, Hall-dórr and Hall-dóra, Berg-þórr and Berg-þóra, Ey-þórr and Ey-þóra, Haf-þórr. Of all these names, three demand special mention, viz. Þórðr, being a contr. qs. Þór-røðr (as Bárðr = Bár-röðr), the old uncontr. form occurs in poems of the 10th century, e. g. Þórröðr vinon óra, Korm. 132; so Sighvat calls his own father Þórröðr (dissyll.). yet he makes it rhyme as if contracted (Þorröðr er var forðum), so Þ orðr sk orðu, Bjarn. (in a verse): the other name is Þuríðr, a fem. name, a weakened form for Þóríðr, Íb. 363 (qs. Þór-ríðr, like Sig-ríðr); thirdly, Þyri, a fem. name, weakened from Þór-vé, or still older Þór-veig, mod. Dan. Thyra, see Landn. 309; Þurvi (Þiurvi), gen. Þurviar, on Runic stones.II. in local names, Þórs-mörk, Þórs-nes, Þórs-á, Landn., Eb.; whence Þórs-nes-ingar, the men from Th., Landn.; and Þórs-ness-lönd, -þing, Eb., Landn., Korm.: Þórsnesinga-goðord, Landn., Eb., Sturl.: Þórs-engi, n., i. e. Þórs-vengi, = Thaasinge in Fünen, Denmark.C. COMPDS: Þórsdagr, Þórshani, Þórshof. -
47 múlbinda
v. to muzzle (Oddr múlbindr unga gammsins). -
48 ofrefli
n.1) overwhelming force (þessi maðr brýzt í móti miklu ofrefli);2) Oddr kvað sér þat eigi ofrefli, O. said it was not beyond his strength;3) excess, immensity (ofrefli frosts ok kulda). -
49 àite
a place, Irish, Early Irish áit. Possibly Celtic po$$-d-ti, *panti? root po$$-d, ped, Latin oppidum, Greek $$G pédon, ground, Sanskrit padám, place; as in eadh, q.v. Stokes has referred áit to the root that appears in German ort, place, Norse oddr, Old English ord, point, Teutonic uzd-, Indo-European uzdh-; but this in Gaelic would give ud or od. -
50 oda
Itongue of land; oddr.IIhorse-race (Uist), race, race-course (Carm.); cf. Norse at, horse-fight.
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