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1 océanographie
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2 océanographie
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3 océanographie optique
Dictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > océanographie optique
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4 océanographie par satellite
Dictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > océanographie par satellite
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5 océanographie physique
marine hydrophysics; physical oceanographyDictionnaire français-anglais de géographie > océanographie physique
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6 observatoire
observatoire [ɔpsεʀvatwaʀ]masculine noun* * *ɔpsɛʀvatwaʀnom masculin1) ( astronomique) observatory2) Armée observation post, look-out post3) ( organisme) watchdog* * *ɔpsɛʀvatwaʀ nm1) [astronomie, océanographie] observatory2) (lieu élevé) vantage point, MILITAIRE observation post3) (= organisation) watchdogl'Observatoire européen de... — the European Observatory on...
* * *observatoire nm1 Astron observatory;2 Mil observation post, look-out post;3 ( organisme) watchdog; observatoire de la concurrence competition watchdog.[ɔpsɛrvatwar] nom masculin3. ÉCONOMIE -
7 satellite
satellite; sputnik* -
8 Cousteau, Jacques-Yves
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 11 June 1910 Saint-André-de-Cubzac, France[br]French marine explorer who invented the aqualung.[br]He was the son of a country lawyer who became legal advisor and travelling companion to certain rich Americans. At an early age Cousteau acquired a love of travel, of the sea and of cinematography: he made his first film at the age of 13. After an interrupted education he nevertheless passed the difficult entrance examination to the Ecole Navale in Brest, but his naval career was cut short in 1936 by injuries received in a serious motor accident. For his long recuperation he was drafted to Toulon. There he met Philippe Tailliez, a fellow naval officer, and Frédéric Dumas, a champion spearfisher, with whom he formed a long association and began to develop his underwater swimming and photography. He apparently took little part in the Second World War, but under cover he applied his photographic skills to espionage, for which he was awarded the Légion d'honneur after the war.Cousteau sought greater freedom of movement underwater and, with Emile Gagnan, who worked in the laboratory of Air Liquide, he began experimenting to improve portable underwater breathing apparatus. As a result, in 1943 they invented the aqualung. Its simple design and robust construction provided a reliable and low-cost unit and revolutionized scientific and recreational diving. Gagnan shunned publicity, but Cousteau revelled in the new freedom to explore and photograph underwater and exploited the publicity potential to the full.The Undersea Research Group was set up by the French Navy in 1944 and, based in Toulon, it provided Cousteau with the Opportunity to develop underwater exploration and filming techniques and equipment. Its first aims were minesweeping and exploration, but in 1948 Cousteau pioneered an extension to marine archaeology. In 1950 he raised the funds to acquire a surplus US-built minesweeper, which he fitted out to further his quest for exploration and adventure and named Calypso. Cousteau also sought and achieved public acclaim with the publication in 1953 of The Silent World, an account of his submarine observations, illustrated by his own brilliant photography. The book was an immediate success and was translated into twenty-two languages. In 1955 Calypso sailed through the Red Sea and the western Indian Ocean, and the outcome was a film bearing the same title as the book: it won an Oscar and the Palme d'Or at the Cannes film festival. This was his favoured medium for the expression of his ideas and observations, and a stream of films on the same theme kept his name before the public.Cousteau's fame earned him appointment by Prince Rainier as Director of the Oceanographie Institute in Monaco in 1957, a post he held until 1988. With its museum and research centre, it offered Cousteau a useful base for his worldwide activities.In the 1980s Cousteau turned again to technological development. Like others before him, he was concerned to reduce ships' fuel consumption by harnessing wind power. True to form, he raised grants from various sources to fund research and enlisted technical help, namely Lucien Malavard, Professor of Aerodynamics at the Sorbonne. Malavard designed a 44 ft (13.4 m) high non-rotating cylinder, which was fitted onto a catamaran hull, christened Moulin à vent. It was intended that its maiden Atlantic crossing in 1983 should herald a new age in ship propulsion, with large royalties to Cousteau. Unfortunately the vessel was damaged in a storm and limped to the USA under diesel power. A more robust vessel, the Alcyone, was fitted with two "Turbosails" in 1985 and proved successful, with a 40 per cent reduction in fuel consumption. However, oil prices fell, removing the incentive to fit the new device; the lucrative sales did not materialize and Alcyone remained the only vessel with Turbosails, sharing with Calypso Cousteau's voyages of adventure and exploration. In September 1995, Cousteau was among the critics of the decision by the French President Jacques Chirac to resume testing of nuclear explosive devices under the Mururoa atoll in the South Pacific.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsLégion d'honneur. Croix de Guerre with Palm. Officier du Mérite Maritime and numerous scientific and artistic awards listed in such directories as Who's Who.Bibliography1953, The Silent World.1972, The Ocean World of Jacques Cousteau, 21 vols.Further ReadingR.Munson, 1991, Cousteau, the Captain and His World, London: Robert Hale (published in the USA 1989).LRD -
9 Papanicolaou, George Nicolas
SUBJECT AREA: Medical technology[br]b. 13 May 1883 Kimi, Greeced. 19 February 1962 Miami, Florida, USA[br]Greek physician and pathological anatomist, developer of the Papanicolaou cytological smear test (Pap test).[br]Of a medical family, he graduated at Athens in 1904. After postgraduate study at Jena, Freiburg and Munich, he returned to Greece and turned to an academic career. After a year at the Oceanographie Institute at Monaco and a period in Paris, he again returned to Greece and in 1911 served in the army in the Balkan War.In 1913 he emigrated to the United States and was appointed to the pathology department of New York Hospital and Cornell Medical College. He became Emeritus Professor of Clinical Anatomy at Cornell in 1951. In 1961 he moved to Florida to head the Miami Cancer Institute, but he died shortly thereafter.Almost all his research was devoted to the physiology of reproduction and exfoliative cyto-logy, and from his studies in 1917 on vaginal discharge in animals he developed his human studies culminating in cancer diagnostic tests, which after some early scepticism soon gained wide acceptance as a routine screening technique. There are laboratories at both Cornell and Miami that are named after him.[br]Bibliography1943, with H.Traut, Diagnosis of Uterine Cancer by the Vaginal Smear, New York. 1954, Atlas of Exfoliative Cytology, Cambridge, Mass.Further ReadingD.E.Carmichael, 1973, The Pap Smear: Life of George N.Papanicolaou, Springfield, 111.MGBiographical history of technology > Papanicolaou, George Nicolas
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10 океанография
океанография
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
oceanography
The scientific study and exploration of the oceans and seas in all their aspects. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > океанография
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11 океанография эстуариев
океанография эстуариев
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
estuarine oceanography
The study of the physical, chemical, biological and geological characteristics of a semi-enclosed coastal body of water which has a free connection with the open sea and within which sea water is measurably diluted with fresh water. (Source: MHE / APD)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > океанография эстуариев
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12 физическая океанография
физическая океанография
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
physical oceanography
The study of the physical aspects of the ocean, the movements of the sea, and the variability of these factors in relationship to the atmosphere and the ocean bottom. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > физическая океанография
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13 химическая океанография
химическая океанография
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
chemical oceanography
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > химическая океанография
См. также в других словарях:
OCÉANOGRAPHIE — Définie traditionnellement comme l’«ensemble des disciplines scientifiques spécialisées dans l’étude de l’océan» (Vocabulaire de l’océanographie , 1976), l’océanographie apparaît plus que jamais comme une activité pluridisciplinaire dans laquelle … Encyclopédie Universelle
Oceanographie — Océanographie Navire de recherche/plateforme d instruments, utilisé depuis 1962 … Wikipédia en Français
Oceanographie — Oceanographie, die Beschreibung des Meeres … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
Océanographie — Navire de recherche/plateforme d instruments, utilisé depuis 1962 … Wikipédia en Français
océanographie — (entrée créée par le supplément) (o sé a no gra fie) s. f. Description de l Océan. L attention du lecteur est attirée par une fort bonne carte des courants maritimes, placée à la fin du volume par M. Neumayer, comme appendice de son important… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
Oceanographie physique — Océanographie physique L océanographie physique est l étude de l état et des processus physiques au sein de l océan, principalement des mouvements et des propriétés des masses d eau océaniques. L océanographie physique est une des cinq branches… … Wikipédia en Français
OCÉANOGRAPHIE CHIMIQUE — Le grand développement de l’océanographie chimique au cours des années soixante dix est dû principalement à notre meilleure compréhension de la circulation générale des masses d’eaux dans l’océan profond (océanographie physique) et à… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Océanographie physique — L océanographie physique est l étude de l état et des processus physiques au sein de l océan, principalement des mouvements et des propriétés des masses d eau océaniques. L océanographie physique est une des cinq branches que compte l… … Wikipédia en Français
Océanographie chimique — L océanographie chimique est une branche de l océanographie qui s intéresse à la chimie des eaux marines. Étudiée depuis plus de 100 ans, la chimie des océans s est particulièrement développée à partir des années 1970, notamment du fait du… … Wikipédia en Français
OCÉANOGRAPHIE — n. f. Description, étude des océans … Dictionnaire de l'Academie Francaise, 8eme edition (1935)
Etage (oceanographie) — Étage (océanographie) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Étage. Un étage en océanographie est une zone bathymétrique. On va distinguer différents étages dans l estran, c est à dire la zone du littoral comprise entre les niveaux connus des plus… … Wikipédia en Français