-
1 olla
prep over = beyond, of things passed over, as in I went over a river or they went over the hill PE17:65 -
2 langa-
vb. to cross, go over, pass over VT49:65 -
3 vanwa
adj. "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past, past and over, gone on the road, over" WJ:366, Nam, RGEO:67, WAN, LT1:264; older wanwa, PE17:143. The word was not applied to dead persons except those who would not return, either because of a special doom as in the case of Men or because of a special will of their own as Felagund or Míriel or a special ban of Mandos as Feanor PE17:143. Also see avanwa. -
4 telluma
noun "dome, copula", especially the "Dome of Varda" over Valinor, but also applied to the domes of the mansion of Manwë and Varda upon Taniquetil. Adopted from Valarin delgūmāunder the influence of pure Quenya telumë WJ:399, 411. Pl. tellumar is attested Nam, RGEO:66. -
5 halya-
vb. "veil, conceal, screen from light" SKALsup1/sup, VT46:13 Tolkien noted that √SKAL applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things PE17:184, contrasting it with √SPAN, the rejected stem of fanta-, q.v. -
6 or
prep. "over" CO; in early "Qenya", this preposition was also defined as "on, upon" LT1:256, MC:216. Prefixed or- is translated "up" in ortil, q.v. -
7 auta-
1 vb. "go away, leave" leave the point of the speaker's thought; old "strong" past tense anwë, usually replaced by vánë, perfect avánië but when the meaning is purely physical "went away to another place" rather than "disappear", the past tense oantë, perfect oantië was used. Past participle vanwa "gone, lost, no longer to be had, vanished, departed, dead, past and over" WJ:366 2 vb. "invent, originate, devise" GAWA/GOWO This could be obsoleted by \# 1 above; on the other hand, the verbs would be quite distinct in the past tense, where auta- \#2 would likely have the straightforward form *autanë. -
8 lá
1 adv. no, not" LA, VT45:25 According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" VT42:32-33, but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb when another verb is not expressed VT49:13, apparently where the phrase is not is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English I do not i.e. I do not do whatever the context indicates. With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë I do not, am not etc. Tolkien abandoned the form lamin. Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa ulanyë/u hé *I love him but uI do not love/u him another person VT49:15. Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva. 2 prep. athwart, over, across, beyond PE17:65, also used in phrases of comparison, e.g. "A ná calima lá B", A is bright beyond = brighter than B VT42:32. 3 interjection? "please" reading of gloss uncertain VT45:25 -
9 lahta-
vb. pass over, cross, surpass, excel PE17:92 -
10 turu-
1 vb. master, defeat, have victory over PE17:113, not clearly said to be Quenya, but the Q name Turucundo Victory-prince is listed immediately afterwards. Compare tur-; cf. also *turúna. 2 vb. "kindle" a Qenya form from LT1:270; rather narta- or tinta- in LotR-style Quenya -
11 Vala
1 noun "Power, God, angelic power", pl. Valar or Vali BAL, Appendix E, LT2:348, described as angelic governors or angelic guardians Letters:354, 407. The Valar are a group of immensely powerful spirits guarding the world on behalf of its Creator; they are sometimes called Gods as when Valacirca, q.v., is translated Sickle of the Gods, but this is strictly wrong according to Christian terminology: the Valar were created beings. The noun vala is also the name of tengwa \#22 Appendix E. Genitive plural Valion "of the Valar" FS, MR:18; this form shows the pl. Vali, irregular alternative to Valar the straightforward gen. pl. Valaron is also attested, PE17:175. Pl. allative valannar *"to/on the Valar" LR:47, 56; SD:246. Feminine form Valië Silm, in Tolkiens earlier material also Valdë; his early writings also list Valon or Valmo q.v. as specifically masc. forms. The gender-specific forms are not obligatory; thus in PE17:22 Varda is called a Vala not a Valië, likewise Yavanna in PE17:93. Vala is properly or originally a verb "has power" sc. over the matter of Eä, the universe, also used as a noun "a Power" WJ:403. The verb vala- "rule, order", exclusively used with reference to the Valar, is only attested in the sentences á vala Manwë! "may Manwë order it!" and Valar valuvar "the will of the Valar will be done" WJ:404. However, Tolkien did not originally intend the word Valar to signify "powers"; in his early conception it apparently meant "the happy ones", cf. valto, vald- LT2:348. For various compounds including the word Valar, see below. -
12 Ae
Quenya? noun "day" LEP/LEPEN/LEPEK - ae was written over ar \# 2 in the names of the Valinorean week, but ar was not struck out. -
13 palta-
2 vb. "feel with the hand, stroke" etc. basic meaning: "pass the sensitive palm palta over a surface" VT47:9 -
14 palan
adv.? afar PE17:86, "far, distant, wide, to a great extent" PAL, "wide, over a wide space, to a distance" VT45:21, "far and wide" in palantír pl. palantíri"Far-gazer", the magical far-seeing stones made by the Noldor in the First Age SA:palan, PAL, PE17:86. For etymology, see Letters:427. The spelling pálan-tìr in PE17:86 may seem to indicate an unusual stress pattern with primary stress on the initial syllable and a secondary stress on the final one normally a Quenya word of this shape would be stressed on ant; it is unclear if this source describes the Quenya accents or some older pattern. Also Palantir masc. name, "Far-sighted" Appendix A, SA:palan, PAL, TIR; assimilated palar- in Palarran "Far-Wanderer", name of a ship palan + ran UT:179 -
15 lango
1 noun "broad sword", also "prow of a ship" LAG 2 noun passage, especially across or over an obstacle, also neck PE17:92 3 noun "throat" Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi; in the Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem \#angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco. LANG, see LANK -
16 fanta-
vb. "to veil, cloak, mantle" VT43:22, mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or that were brighter and more vivid PE17:174; according to Tolkien usually the strong past tense fánë and perfect afánië were used, but later also fantanë in the past tense and then perhaps *afantië in the perfect? PE17:179-180 Cf halya- q.v., the stem of which Tolkien contrasted with the stem of this verb PE17:184. -
17 ortírië
noun "patronage", isolated from ortírielyanna "to thy patronage" VT44:7. A verbal stem \#ortir- over-watch look after, care for, protect seems implied. -
18 tir-
vb. "watch, watch over, guard, heed", 1st pers. aorist tirin "I watch", pa.t. tirnë TIR, imperative tira VT47:31 or á tirë PE17:94, future tense tiruva "shall heed" in Markirya also MC:213, 214; also in CO with pronominal endings: tiruvantes "they will guard it" tir-uva-nte-s "guard-will-they-it". The stem also occurs in palantíri q.v., Tirion place-name "Great Watchtower", a city of the Elves SA:tir; in MR:176 the translation is "Watchful City" -
19 Utumno
stem *Utumnu-, place-name, the first great stronghold of Melkor in the North SA:tum, TUB. The etymology apparently has something to do with "very deep" or "very hidden"; the phrase "Utumno the Deep-hidden" in MR:67 may include a rough translation of the name. This later source derives the name from a root meaning "cover over, hide", whereas in Etym it was derived from the root TUB having to do with low-lying things. Whether the primitive form is ¤Utubnu as in Etym TUB or ¤Utupnu as in MR:69, the stem-form would be *Utumnu-. -
20 cár(cas-)
"k" noun "head" KAS.The given stem-form appears doubtful within the phonological framework of LotR-style Quenya. Probably we should read cas with stem car- PE14:69 indeed reads kas head, pl. kari, and VT49:17 quotes the sg. kas from a post-LotR source. Compare other forms found in late sources: hlas ear with stem hlar- PE17:62 and olos dream, pl. olori UT:396. In Tolkiens early Qenya, post-vocalic -s became -r at the end of words but was preserved when another vowel followed. His later scheme either lets -r appear in both positions, or reverses the scenario altogether hence olos, olor-. It would seem that the forms cár, cas- were distractedly carried over into the Etymologies from the Qenya Lexicon kar, kas-, QL:45 even though they presuppose an earlier version of the phonology. An apparent variant form in late material, cára from earlier cáza k, however fits the later phonology since intervocalic s would become z r PE17:188.
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