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1 Algenblüte
рост водорослей
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
algal bloom
Excessive and rapid growth of algae and other aquatic plants when they are stimulated to grow too quickly by pollution. It takes place when there are too many nutrients in the water and is aggravated when accompanied by a rise in temperature. Although the algae grow quickly they soon die because they have swallowed up all the water's nutrients. As they decompose they tend to rise to the surface and form a green slime. Algal bloom have increased because higher levels of nitrogen and phosphates from agricultural areas have leached from the fields into water courses. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Algenblüte
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2 abiotischer Faktor
абиотический фактор
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
abiotic factor
Physical, chemical and other non-living environmental factors. They are essential for living plants and animals of an ecosystem, providing the essential elements and nutrients that are necessary for growth. The abiotic elements also include the climatic and pedologic components of the ecosystem. (Source: LBC / WRIGHT)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > abiotischer Faktor
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3 Bodenfeuchtigkeit
влажность почвогрунта
Содержание воды в почвогрунте.
Примечание
Различают: весовую влажность, которая выражается в процентах от веса абсолютно сухого почвогрунта или в процентах от веса сырого почвогрунта; объемную влажность - количество воды в почвогрунте, выраженное отношением объема воды к объему почвогрунта.
[ ГОСТ 19179-73]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
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влажность почвы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil moisture
1) Water stored in soils.
2) One of the most important elements involved in pedological processes and plant growth. There are three basic forms:
a) water adhering in thin films by molecular attraction to the surface of soil particles and not available for plants is termed hygroscopic water.
b) Water forming thicker films and occupying the smaller pore spaces is termed capillary water. Since it is held against the force of gravity it is permanently available for plant growth and it is this type of soil water which contains plant nutrients in solution.
c) Water in excess of hygroscopic and capillary water is termed gravitational water, which is of a transitory nature because it flows away under the influence of gravity. When the excess has drained away the amount of water retained in the soil is termed its field capacity, when some of its pore spaces are still free of water.
(Source: LANDY / DUNSTE)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodenfeuchtigkeit
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4 Umweltbelastung durch Aquakultur
воздействие аквакультуры на окружающую среду
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental impact of aquaculture
Fish farming pollutes the water with nutrients, methane and hydrogen sulphide which threaten both farmed fish and other marine life. Dangerous pesticides have been used to treat infestations of sea lice. (Source: WPR)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltbelastung durch Aquakultur
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5 Umweltbelastung durch Landwirtschaft
воздействие сельскохозяйственной деятельности на окружающую среду
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental impact of agriculture
Agricultural activities have significant impacts on water quality, including increases in stream sedimentation from erosion, and increases in nutrients, pesticides, and salt concentrations in runoff. In certain regions, the misuse of pesticides has led to the development of pesticide-resistant strains of pests, destroyed natural predators, killed local wildlife, and contaminated human water supplies. Improper application of fertilizers has changed the types of vegetation and fish types inhabiting nearby waterways and rivers. (Source: RAU / WPR)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Umweltbelastung durch Landwirtschaft
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6 Roden und Verbrennen
- вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
вырубка и сжигание леса как метод увеличения сельскохозяйственных площадей
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
slash and burn culture
A traditional farming system that has been used by generations of farmers in tropical forests and the savannah of north and east Africa. It is known to be an ecologically sound form of cultivation, and because the soil is poor in tropical rain forests it is a sustainable method of farming. It is still practised today, primarily in the developing countries. Small areas of bush or forests are cleared and the smaller trees burned. This unlocks the nutrients in the vegetation and gives the soil fertilizer that is easily taken up by plants. A few years later the soil is degraded and the farmer moves on to do the same at another site. The original ground is left fallow for anything up to 20 years so that the forest can regenerate. With the growth in population and in the subsequent need for more farming land to produce food, the method is increasingly being used today to clear large areas of tropical forests for cattle ranching, and in most cases the ground is not left fallow for long enough and, with modern mechanized farming systems, not enough tree stumps or suitable habitats for plant life are left to start the regeneration process. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Roden und Verbrennen
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7 Hydrokultur
гидрокультура
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
hydroculture
Growing plants without soil but in sand or vermiculite or other granular material, using a liquid solution of nutrients to feed them. (Source: PHC)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Hydrokultur
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8 Abbau von natürlichen Ressourcen
деградация природных ресурсов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
degradation of natural resources
The result of the cumulative activities of farmers, households, and industries, all trying to improve their socio-economic well being. These activities tend to be counterproductive for several reasons. People may not completely understand the long-term consequences of their activities on the natural resource base. The most important ways in which human activity is interfering with the global ecosystem are: a) fossil fuel burning which may double the atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration by the middle of the next century, as well as further increasing the emissions of sulphur and nitrogen very significantly; b) expanding agriculture and forestry and the associated use of fertilizers (nitrogen and phosphorous) are significantly altering the natural circulation of these nutrients; c) increased exploitation of the freshwater system both for irrigation in agriculture and industry and for waste disposal. (Source: WPR)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Abbau von natürlichen Ressourcen
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9 Entlaubung
дефолиация
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
defoliation
1) The drop of foliage from plants caused by herbicides such as Agent Orange, diuron, triazines, all of which interfere with photosynthesis. The use of defoliants, as in Vietnam or in jungle clearance for agriculture, can permanently destroy tropical forests. Once the tree cover is removed, the soil is subjected to erosion and precious nutrients are rapidly leached away.
2) Destroying (an area of jungle, forest, etc.) as by chemical sprays or incendiary bombs, in order to give enemy troops or guerilla forces no place of concealment.
(Source: PORT / WEBSTE)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Entlaubung
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10 Bodenversauerung
закисление почвы
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil acidification
A naturally occurring process in humid climates that has long been the subject of research, whose findings suggest acid precipitation effects. The generally accepted impact of soil acidification on the productivity of terrestrial plants is summarised as follows: as soil becomes more acidic the basic cations (Ca, Mg) on the soil exchange are replaced by hydrogen ions or solubilized metals. The basic cation, now in solution, can be leached through the soil. As time progresses the soil becomes less fertile and more acidic. Resultant decreases in soil pH cause reduced, less-active population of soil microorganisms, which in turn slow decomposition of plant residues and cycling of essential plant nutrients. (Source: PARCOR)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodenversauerung
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11 Bodenschutzrecht
законодательство в области сохранения почв
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
soil conservation legislation
A binding rule or body of rules prescribed by a government to protect and prevent the loss of an area's surface layer of decomposed rock and organic material, valued for its nutrients and ability to support life. (Source: DES)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Bodenschutzrecht
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12 Unterernährung
недоедание
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
malnutrition
Defective nutrition due to inadequate intake of nutrients or to their faulty digestion, assimilation or metabolism. (Source: MGH)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Unterernährung
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13 Mineraldünger
неорганическое удобрение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
inorganic fertiliser
Inorganic chemical which promotes plant growth by enhancing the supply of essential nutrients such as ammonium sulphate or lime. (Source: PORT)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Mineraldünger
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14 Nährwert
питательная ценность продуктов
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
nutritive value of food
The measure of the quantity or availability of nutrients found in materials ingested and utilized by humans or animals as a source of nutrition and energy. (Source: RHW / MHD)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Nährwert
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15 Nährstoffhaushalt
питательный баланс
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
nutrient balance
Condition in which there is equilibrium between intake and excretion of nutrients. (Source: STEDMA)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Nährstoffhaushalt
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16 Nährstoffzyklus
питательный цикл
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
nutrient cycle
A biogeochemical cycle, in which inorganic nutrients move through the soil, living organisms, air and water or through some of these. (Source: ALL2)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Nährstoffzyklus
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17 Fruchtfolge
ротация сельскохозяйственных культур
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
crop rotation
An agricultural technique in which, season after season, each field is sown with crop plants in a regular rotation, each crop being repeated at intervals of several years. Crop rotation minimizes the risks of depleting the soil of particular nutrients. In rotation systems, a grain crop is often grown the first year, followed by a leafy-vegetable crop in the second year, and a pasture crop in the third. The last usually contains legumes; such plants can restore nitrogen to the soil. Notwithstanding, high yields tend to depend upon the continued addition of chemical fertilizers to the soil. (Source: GILP96)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Fruchtfolge
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18 Selbstreinigung
самоочищение
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
self-purification
A natural process of organic degradation that produces nutrients utilized by autotrophic organisms. (Source: LBC)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Selbstreinigung
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19 Agrarschädling
сельскохозяйственные вредители
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
agricultural pest
Insects and mites that damage crops, weeds that compete with field crops for nutrients and water, plants that choke irrigation channels or drainage systems, rodents that eat young plants and grain, and birds that eat seedlings or stored foodstuffs. (Source: WRIGHT)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > Agrarschädling
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20 trophische Ökologie
трофическая экология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
trophic ecology
The study of the feeding relationships of organisms in communities and ecosystems. Trophic links between populations represent flows of organisms, organic energy and nutrients. Trophic transfers are important in population dynamics, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem energetics. (Source: PARCOR)
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Немецко-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > trophische Ökologie
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См. также в других словарях:
nutrients — 01. Farmers today rely too heavily on fertilizers to supply their crops with the needed [nutrients]. 02. Studies show that fruits and vegetables sold in supermarkets today contain far fewer [nutrients] than they did 50 years ago. 03. Jellyfish… … Grammatical examples in English
nutrients — n. basic, essential nutrients * * * essential nutrients basic … Combinatory dictionary
nutrients — biogeniniai elementai statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Gyviesiems organizmams būtini cheminiai elementai. Skirstomi į makroelementus ir mikroelementus. atitikmenys: angl. nutrients; nutrients salts vok. Nährsalze, n;… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
nutrients — maisto medžiagos statusas Aprobuotas sritis maistas apibrėžtis Žmogaus organizmui būtinos maisto sudedamosios dalys (maiste esantys baltymai, riebalai, angliavandeniai, vitaminai, mineralinės ir kitos medžiagos, taip pat specialūs maisto papildai … Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)
Nutrients (journal) — Nutrients Abbreviated title (ISO) Nutrients Discipline nutrients, nutraceuticals … Wikipedia
nutrients salts — biogeniniai elementai statusas T sritis ekologija ir aplinkotyra apibrėžtis Gyviesiems organizmams būtini cheminiai elementai. Skirstomi į makroelementus ir mikroelementus. atitikmenys: angl. nutrients; nutrients salts vok. Nährsalze, n;… … Ekologijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
nutrients — nu·tri·ent || nuËtrɪənt / nju n. nutritious substance adj. nourishing, wholesome … English contemporary dictionary
conditionally essential nutrients — nutrients that must be supplied to the body only under special conditions, such as stress, illness, or aging … Medical dictionary
essential nutrients — nutrients (proteins, minerals, carbohydrates, fats, vitamins) necessary for growth, normal functioning, and maintaining life; they must be supplied by food, since they cannot be synthesized by the body … Medical dictionary
Tolerable upper intake level for selected nutrients for adults — ▪ Table Tolerable upper intake level (UL) for selected nutrients for adults nutrient UL per day calcium 2,500 milligrams copper 10 milligrams fluoride 10 milligrams folic acid* 1,000 micrograms iodine 1,100 micrograms iron 45 milligrams… … Universalium
primary nutrients — pagrindinės augalų maisto medžiagos statusas Aprobuotas sritis augalininkystė apibrėžtis Cheminiai elementai, būtini augalams augti: azotas (N), fosforas (P) ir kalis (K). atitikmenys: angl. primary nutrients vok. Primärnährstoffe pranc. éléments … Lithuanian dictionary (lietuvių žodynas)
