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21 nula
adj.&f.1 null, void of effect, of no force.2 useless (person).* * *f., (m. - nulo)* * *
nulo,-a adjetivo
1 (no válido) null and void, invalid
Dep lanzamiento/gol nulo, disallowed shot/goal
2 (sin valor, inexistente) su repercusión fue nula, it had no repercussions
3 (inepto) useless, hopeless
' nula' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
difusión
- nulo
English:
false start
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22 irrito
irrito agg. (dir.) null, void, of no effect (pred.): il testamento è irrito, the will is null and void. -
23 сила
ж1) возможность активно действовать strength, force; мощь, могущество powerси́ла во́ли — willpower, strength of will
применя́ть си́лу — to use force, to resort to force
си́ла тя́жести — the force of gravity
свои́ми си́лами — unaided, unassisted, в одиночку single-handed, (by) oneself
си́лою обстоя́тельств — by force of circumstance(s)
си́ла привы́чки — force of habit
пози́ция си́лы — position of force/strength
демонстра́ция си́лы — show of force/strength
дви́жущая си́ла — driving force
собира́ться с си́лами — to muster lit one's forces
у него́ не хвати́ло сил взлома́ть дверь — he wasn't strong enough to break the door
выслу́шивать сейча́с её жа́лобы - свы́ше мои́х сил — listening to her complaints is more than I can bear at the moment
он не в си́лах помо́чь ей — to help her is beyond his power(s)
она́ сде́лала всё, что бы́ло в её си́лах — she has done everything in her power, she has done her best/utmost
2) правомочность power(s), force, действенность юр validityвступа́ть в си́лу — to take effect, to come into effect/force, to become effective/operational/valid юр
утра́тить зако́нную си́лу — to become invalid/inoperative, to be pronounced null and void
э́тот докуме́нт уже́ утра́тил си́лу — this document is no longer operational/valid
3) мн forces; воен force(s)вое́нно-возду́шные/сухопу́тные си́лы — air/land, ground force
вооружённые си́лы — armed forces
реакцио́нные си́лы — reactionary forces/elements
си́лы приро́ды — natural/elemental forces
•- в силу
- изо всей силы
- кричать изо всей силы -
24 изо всех сил
1. with might and mainвступающий в силу с … — with effect from
2. tooth and nail3. with all mightмощным рывком; изо всех сил — with a mighty heave
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25 Language
Philosophy is written in that great book, the universe, which is always open, right before our eyes. But one cannot understand this book without first learning to understand the language and to know the characters in which it is written. It is written in the language of mathematics, and the characters are triangles, circles, and other figures. Without these, one cannot understand a single word of it, and just wanders in a dark labyrinth. (Galileo, 1990, p. 232)It never happens that it [a nonhuman animal] arranges its speech in various ways in order to reply appropriately to everything that may be said in its presence, as even the lowest type of man can do. (Descartes, 1970a, p. 116)It is a very remarkable fact that there are none so depraved and stupid, without even excepting idiots, that they cannot arrange different words together, forming of them a statement by which they make known their thoughts; while, on the other hand, there is no other animal, however perfect and fortunately circumstanced it may be, which can do the same. (Descartes, 1967, p. 116)Human beings do not live in the object world alone, nor alone in the world of social activity as ordinarily understood, but are very much at the mercy of the particular language which has become the medium of expression for their society. It is quite an illusion to imagine that one adjusts to reality essentially without the use of language and that language is merely an incidental means of solving specific problems of communication or reflection. The fact of the matter is that the "real world" is to a large extent unconsciously built on the language habits of the group.... We see and hear and otherwise experience very largely as we do because the language habits of our community predispose certain choices of interpretation. (Sapir, 1921, p. 75)It powerfully conditions all our thinking about social problems and processes.... No two languages are ever sufficiently similar to be considered as representing the same social reality. The worlds in which different societies live are distinct worlds, not merely the same worlds with different labels attached. (Sapir, 1985, p. 162)[A list of language games, not meant to be exhaustive:]Giving orders, and obeying them- Describing the appearance of an object, or giving its measurements- Constructing an object from a description (a drawing)Reporting an eventSpeculating about an eventForming and testing a hypothesisPresenting the results of an experiment in tables and diagramsMaking up a story; and reading itPlay actingSinging catchesGuessing riddlesMaking a joke; and telling itSolving a problem in practical arithmeticTranslating from one language into anotherLANGUAGE Asking, thanking, cursing, greeting, and praying-. (Wittgenstein, 1953, Pt. I, No. 23, pp. 11 e-12 e)We dissect nature along lines laid down by our native languages.... The world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... No individual is free to describe nature with absolute impartiality but is constrained to certain modes of interpretation even while he thinks himself most free. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 153, 213-214)We dissect nature along the lines laid down by our native languages.The categories and types that we isolate from the world of phenomena we do not find there because they stare every observer in the face; on the contrary, the world is presented in a kaleidoscopic flux of impressions which has to be organized by our minds-and this means largely by the linguistic systems in our minds.... We are thus introduced to a new principle of relativity, which holds that all observers are not led by the same physical evidence to the same picture of the universe, unless their linguistic backgrounds are similar or can in some way be calibrated. (Whorf, 1956, pp. 213-214)9) The Forms of a Person's Thoughts Are Controlled by Unperceived Patterns of His Own LanguageThe forms of a person's thoughts are controlled by inexorable laws of pattern of which he is unconscious. These patterns are the unperceived intricate systematizations of his own language-shown readily enough by a candid comparison and contrast with other languages, especially those of a different linguistic family. (Whorf, 1956, p. 252)It has come to be commonly held that many utterances which look like statements are either not intended at all, or only intended in part, to record or impart straightforward information about the facts.... Many traditional philosophical perplexities have arisen through a mistake-the mistake of taking as straightforward statements of fact utterances which are either (in interesting non-grammatical ways) nonsensical or else intended as something quite different. (Austin, 1962, pp. 2-3)In general, one might define a complex of semantic components connected by logical constants as a concept. The dictionary of a language is then a system of concepts in which a phonological form and certain syntactic and morphological characteristics are assigned to each concept. This system of concepts is structured by several types of relations. It is supplemented, furthermore, by redundancy or implicational rules..., representing general properties of the whole system of concepts.... At least a relevant part of these general rules is not bound to particular languages, but represents presumably universal structures of natural languages. They are not learned, but are rather a part of the human ability to acquire an arbitrary natural language. (Bierwisch, 1970, pp. 171-172)In studying the evolution of mind, we cannot guess to what extent there are physically possible alternatives to, say, transformational generative grammar, for an organism meeting certain other physical conditions characteristic of humans. Conceivably, there are none-or very few-in which case talk about evolution of the language capacity is beside the point. (Chomsky, 1972, p. 98)[It is] truth value rather than syntactic well-formedness that chiefly governs explicit verbal reinforcement by parents-which renders mildly paradoxical the fact that the usual product of such a training schedule is an adult whose speech is highly grammatical but not notably truthful. (R. O. Brown, 1973, p. 330)he conceptual base is responsible for formally representing the concepts underlying an utterance.... A given word in a language may or may not have one or more concepts underlying it.... On the sentential level, the utterances of a given language are encoded within a syntactic structure of that language. The basic construction of the sentential level is the sentence.The next highest level... is the conceptual level. We call the basic construction of this level the conceptualization. A conceptualization consists of concepts and certain relations among those concepts. We can consider that both levels exist at the same point in time and that for any unit on one level, some corresponding realizate exists on the other level. This realizate may be null or extremely complex.... Conceptualizations may relate to other conceptualizations by nesting or other specified relationships. (Schank, 1973, pp. 191-192)The mathematics of multi-dimensional interactive spaces and lattices, the projection of "computer behavior" on to possible models of cerebral functions, the theoretical and mechanical investigation of artificial intelligence, are producing a stream of sophisticated, often suggestive ideas.But it is, I believe, fair to say that nothing put forward until now in either theoretic design or mechanical mimicry comes even remotely in reach of the most rudimentary linguistic realities. (Steiner, 1975, p. 284)The step from the simple tool to the master tool, a tool to make tools (what we would now call a machine tool), seems to me indeed to parallel the final step to human language, which I call reconstitution. It expresses in a practical and social context the same understanding of hierarchy, and shows the same analysis by function as a basis for synthesis. (Bronowski, 1977, pp. 127-128)t is the language donn eґ in which we conduct our lives.... We have no other. And the danger is that formal linguistic models, in their loosely argued analogy with the axiomatic structure of the mathematical sciences, may block perception.... It is quite conceivable that, in language, continuous induction from simple, elemental units to more complex, realistic forms is not justified. The extent and formal "undecidability" of context-and every linguistic particle above the level of the phoneme is context-bound-may make it impossible, except in the most abstract, meta-linguistic sense, to pass from "pro-verbs," "kernals," or "deep deep structures" to actual speech. (Steiner, 1975, pp. 111-113)A higher-level formal language is an abstract machine. (Weizenbaum, 1976, p. 113)Jakobson sees metaphor and metonymy as the characteristic modes of binarily opposed polarities which between them underpin the two-fold process of selection and combination by which linguistic signs are formed.... Thus messages are constructed, as Saussure said, by a combination of a "horizontal" movement, which combines words together, and a "vertical" movement, which selects the particular words from the available inventory or "inner storehouse" of the language. The combinative (or syntagmatic) process manifests itself in contiguity (one word being placed next to another) and its mode is metonymic. The selective (or associative) process manifests itself in similarity (one word or concept being "like" another) and its mode is metaphoric. The "opposition" of metaphor and metonymy therefore may be said to represent in effect the essence of the total opposition between the synchronic mode of language (its immediate, coexistent, "vertical" relationships) and its diachronic mode (its sequential, successive, lineal progressive relationships). (Hawkes, 1977, pp. 77-78)It is striking that the layered structure that man has given to language constantly reappears in his analyses of nature. (Bronowski, 1977, p. 121)First, [an ideal intertheoretic reduction] provides us with a set of rules"correspondence rules" or "bridge laws," as the standard vernacular has it-which effect a mapping of the terms of the old theory (T o) onto a subset of the expressions of the new or reducing theory (T n). These rules guide the application of those selected expressions of T n in the following way: we are free to make singular applications of their correspondencerule doppelgangers in T o....Second, and equally important, a successful reduction ideally has the outcome that, under the term mapping effected by the correspondence rules, the central principles of T o (those of semantic and systematic importance) are mapped onto general sentences of T n that are theorems of Tn. (P. Churchland, 1979, p. 81)If non-linguistic factors must be included in grammar: beliefs, attitudes, etc. [this would] amount to a rejection of the initial idealization of language as an object of study. A priori such a move cannot be ruled out, but it must be empirically motivated. If it proves to be correct, I would conclude that language is a chaos that is not worth studying.... Note that the question is not whether beliefs or attitudes, and so on, play a role in linguistic behavior and linguistic judgments... [but rather] whether distinct cognitive structures can be identified, which interact in the real use of language and linguistic judgments, the grammatical system being one of these. (Chomsky, 1979, pp. 140, 152-153)23) Language Is Inevitably Influenced by Specific Contexts of Human InteractionLanguage cannot be studied in isolation from the investigation of "rationality." It cannot afford to neglect our everyday assumptions concerning the total behavior of a reasonable person.... An integrational linguistics must recognize that human beings inhabit a communicational space which is not neatly compartmentalized into language and nonlanguage.... It renounces in advance the possibility of setting up systems of forms and meanings which will "account for" a central core of linguistic behavior irrespective of the situation and communicational purposes involved. (Harris, 1981, p. 165)By innate [linguistic knowledge], Chomsky simply means "genetically programmed." He does not literally think that children are born with language in their heads ready to be spoken. He merely claims that a "blueprint is there, which is brought into use when the child reaches a certain point in her general development. With the help of this blueprint, she analyzes the language she hears around her more readily than she would if she were totally unprepared for the strange gabbling sounds which emerge from human mouths. (Aitchison, 1987, p. 31)Looking at ourselves from the computer viewpoint, we cannot avoid seeing that natural language is our most important "programming language." This means that a vast portion of our knowledge and activity is, for us, best communicated and understood in our natural language.... One could say that natural language was our first great original artifact and, since, as we increasingly realize, languages are machines, so natural language, with our brains to run it, was our primal invention of the universal computer. One could say this except for the sneaking suspicion that language isn't something we invented but something we became, not something we constructed but something in which we created, and recreated, ourselves. (Leiber, 1991, p. 8)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Language
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26 нарушение условий конкуренции
нарушение условий конкуренции
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
distortion of competition
Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > нарушение условий конкуренции
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27 ограничение конкуренции
ограничение конкуренции
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
restriction on competition
Article 85(1) of the EEC Treaty prohibits all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market. All such arrangements are automatically null and void under Article 85(2), unless exempted by the Commission pursuant to Article 85(3). The text of Article 85 is as follows: "1. The following shall be prohibited as incompatible with the common market: all agreements between undertakings, decisions by associations of undertakings and concerted practices which may affect trade between member states and which have as their object or effect the prevention, restriction or distortion of competition within the common market, and in particular those which: (a) directly or indirectly fix purchase or selling prices or any other trading conditions; (b) limit or control production, markets, technical development, or investment; (c) share markets or sources of supply; (d) apply dissimilar conditions to equivalent transactions with other trading parties, thereby placing them at a competitive disadvantage; (e) make the conclusion of contracts subject to acceptance by the other parties of supplementary obligations which, by their nature or according to commercial usage, have no connection with the subject of such contracts. (Source: CLAORG)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > ограничение конкуренции
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28 никакого эффекта, таким образом, не получается
General subject: the effect is thus nullУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > никакого эффекта, таким образом, не получается
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29 сделка
сущ.bargain; deal; transaction; ( контракт) contract; юр (juridical) actзаключать сделку — to bargain; close (conclude, effect, make) a deal (a transaction); cut (strike) a deal; enter into a transaction; settle (strike) a bargain; transact business ( with); ( мировую сделку) to reach an out-of-court (amicable, peaceful) compromise (agreement, settlement); settle amicably (by a compromise); settle a case; settle out of court
предлагать сделку — to offer a deal; ( мировую сделку) to make an offer of settlement
заключение сделки (не)уполномоченным лицом — effecting (making) a deal (a transaction) by an (un)authorized person
последствия несоблюдения сделки — consequences of non-compliance with (non-observance of) a contract (a transaction)
участник сделки — bargainer; participant in (of) a bargain (deal, transaction); party to a contract
сделка, заключённая гражданами одной страны — domestic (home) transaction
сделка, совершаемая в простой письменной форме — transaction made in simple written form
сделка, совершённая лицом, признанным недееспособным — transaction made by a person who, is recognized as legally incapable
сделка, совершённая под влиянием заблуждения / обмана — transaction made under delusion / under the influence of fraud
- сделка купли-продажисделка юридического лица, выходящая за пределы его правоспособности — transaction by a legal entity (person) exceeding the limits of its legal capacity
- сделка на открытом рынке
- сделка на срок
- сделка, не соответствующая закону
- сделка по передаче права
- сделка репо
- сделка с превышением правомочий
- сделка с премией
- арбитражная сделка
- бартерная сделка - внешнеторговая сделка
- встречная сделка
- выгодная сделка
- инкассовая сделка
- клиринговая сделка
- коммерческая сделка
- компенсационная сделка
- консигнационная сделка
- кредитная сделка
- маргинальная сделка
- мировая сделка
- мнимая сделка
- мошенническая сделка
- невидимая сделка
- недействительная сделка
- незаконная валютная сделка
- ничтожная сделка
- нотариально удостоверенная сделка
- односторонняя сделка
- онкольная сделка
- оспоримая сделка
- пакетная сделка
- письменная сделка
- посредническая сделка
- преступная сделка
- притворная сделка
- противозаконная сделка
- реальная биржевая сделка
- рыночная сделка
- сепаратная сделка
- сомнительная сделка
- спекулятивная сделка
- срочная сделка
- товарообменная сделка
- торговая сделка
- устная сделка
- фиктивная сделка
- форвардная сделка
- фьючерсная сделка
- честная сделка
- экспортная сделка
- юридическая сделка -
30 прибор
м. device; instrumentградуировать измерительный прибор в единицах частоты — calibrate an instrument in units of frequency
электровакуумный прибор — electronic device; tube
туннельный прибор; туннельный элемент — tunnel effect device
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31 считать не имеющим законной силы
Русско-английский большой базовый словарь > считать не имеющим законной силы
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32 geçersiz
1. invalid, not valid, null and void. 2. noncurrent, invalid, not in effect. 3. not in demand, out of vogue. -
33 geçersizlik
1. invalidity, lack of validity, being null and void. 2. being noncurrent, invalidity, not being in effect. 3. not being in demand, being out of vogue. -
34 hatálytalan
of no effect, null, unavailable
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
null effect — null effect. См. нулевой эффект. (Источник: «Англо русский толковый словарь генетических терминов». Арефьев В.А., Лисовенко Л.А., Москва: Изд во ВНИРО, 1995 г.) … Молекулярная биология и генетика. Толковый словарь.
null — [nʌl] adjective [only before a noun] 1. STATISTICS a null effect, result etc is one that is zero or nothing 2. LAW another name for null and void: • Their suit also asks the court to declare null the buyer s shareholder rights plan. * * * … Financial and business terms
null — / nəl/ adj [Anglo French nul, literally, not any, from Latin nullus, from ne not + ullus any]: having no legal or binding force: void a null contract Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
Null — may refer to: Contents 1 In computing 2 In art 3 In mathematics 4 In science 5 People … Wikipedia
null — [ nʌl ] adjective with no value or effect null and void LEGAL with no legal effect: Due to irregularities, the election has been declared null and void … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
null and void — ˌnull and ˈvoid adjective [not before a noun] LAW a contract, agreement etc that is null and void has no effect because it is against the law: • The judge declared this agreement null and void because it contravened an earlier ruling of the… … Financial and business terms
Null fill — is used in radio antenna systems which are located on mountains or tall towers, to prevent too much of the signal from overshooting the nearest part of intended coverage area. Phasing is used between antenna elements to take power away from the… … Wikipedia
null — [nul] adj. [MFr nul < L nullus, not any, none < OL * n(e) oin(o)los, not a one < ne, not (see NO1) + dim. of oinos < IE * oinos: see ONE] 1. without legal force; not binding; invalid: usually in the phrase null and void 2. amounting… … English World dictionary
null and void — {adj.} Not worth anything; no longer valid. * /Both the seller and the buyer agreed to forget about their previous contract and to consider it null and void./ … Dictionary of American idioms
null and void — {adj.} Not worth anything; no longer valid. * /Both the seller and the buyer agreed to forget about their previous contract and to consider it null and void./ … Dictionary of American idioms
null and void — I adjective abolished, abrogated, annulled, canceled, defeated, defunct, disannulled, disestablished, effectless, extinct, extinguished, forceless, impotent, ineffective, ineffectual, inefficacious, inoperative, invalid, negated, no longer law,… … Law dictionary
