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81 аплонис, норфолкский
—1. LAT Aplonis fusca ( Gould)2. RUS норфолкский аплонис m3. ENG Lord Howe Island starling, Norfolk Island starling4. DEU Norfolk-Star m5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > аплонис, норфолкский
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82 белоглазка, белогорлая
—1. LAT Zosterops albogularis ( Gould)2. RUS норфолкская [белогорлая] белоглазка f3. ENG Norfolk (Island) white-eye, white-chested white-eye4. DEU Norfolk-Brillenvogel m5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > белоглазка, белогорлая
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83 белоглазка, норфолкская
—1. LAT Zosterops albogularis ( Gould)2. RUS норфолкская [белогорлая] белоглазка f3. ENG Norfolk (Island) white-eye, white-chested white-eye4. DEU Norfolk-Brillenvogel m5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > белоглазка, норфолкская
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84 геригона, скромная
DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > геригона, скромная
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85 Cubitt, William
[br]b. 1785 Dilham, Norfolk, Englandd. 13 October 1861 Clapham Common, Surrey, England[br]English civil engineer and contractor.[br]The son of a miller, he received a rudimentary education in the village school. At an early age he was helping his father in the mill, and in 1800 he was apprenticed to a cabinet maker. After four years he returned to work with his father, but, preferring to leave the parental home, he not long afterwards joined a firm of agricultural-machinery makers in Swanton in Norfolk. There he acquired a reputation for making accurate patterns for the iron caster and demonstrated a talent for mechanical invention, patenting a self-regulating windmill sail in 1807. He then set up on his own as a millwright, but he found he could better himself by joining the engineering works of Ransomes of Ipswich in 1812. He was soon appointed their Chief Engineer, and after nine years he became a partner in the firm until he moved to London in 1826. Around 1818 he invented the treadmill, with the aim of putting prisoners to useful work in grinding corn and other applications. It was rapidly adopted by the principal prisons, more as a means of punishment than an instrument of useful work.From 1814 Cubitt had been gaining experience in civil engineering, and upon his removal to London his career in this field began to take off. He was engaged on many canal-building projects, including the Oxford and Liverpool Junction canals. He accomplished some notable dock works, such as the Bute docks at Cardiff, the Middlesborough docks and the coal drops on the river Tees. He improved navigation on the river Severn and compiled valuable reports on a number of other leading rivers.The railway construction boom of the 1840s provided him with fresh opportunities. He engineered the South Eastern Railway (SER) with its daringly constructed line below the cliffs between Folkestone and Dover; the railway was completed in 1843, using massive charges of explosive to blast a way through the cliffs. Cubitt was Consulting Engineer to the Great Northern Railway and tried, with less than his usual success, to get the atmospheric system to work on the Croydon Railway.When the SER began a steamer service between Folkestone and Boulogne, Cubitt was engaged to improve the port facilities there and went on to act as Consulting Engineer to the Boulogne and Amiens Railway. Other commissions on the European continent included surveying the line between Paris and Lyons, advising the Hanoverian government on the harbour and docks at Hamburg and directing the water-supply works for Berlin.Cubitt was actively involved in the erection of the Crystal Palace for the Great Exhibition of 1851; in recognition of this work Queen Victoria knighted him at Windsor Castle on 23 December 1851.Cubitt's son Joseph (1811–72) was also a notable civil engineer, with many railway and harbour works to his credit.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1851. FRS 1830. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1850 and 1851.Further ReadingObituary, 1862, Minutes of 'the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 21:552– 8.LRD -
86 Curr, John
[br]b. 1756 Kyo, near Lanchester, or in Greenside, near Ryton-on-Tyne, Durham, Englandd. 27 January 1823 Sheffield, England[br]English coal-mine manager and engineer, inventor of flanged, cast-iron plate rails.[br]The son of a "coal viewer", Curr was brought up in the West Durham colliery district. In 1777 he went to the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at Sheffield, where in 1880 he was appointed Superintendent. There coal was conveyed underground in baskets on sledges: Curr replaced the wicker sledges with wheeled corves, i.e. small four-wheeled wooden wagons, running on "rail-roads" with cast-iron rails and hauled from the coal-face to the shaft bottom by horses. The rails employed hitherto had usually consisted of plates of iron, the flange being on the wheels of the wagon. Curr's new design involved flanges on the rails which guided the vehicles, the wheels of which were unflanged and could run on any hard surface. He appears to have left no precise record of the date that he did this, and surviving records have been interpreted as implying various dates between 1776 and 1787. In 1787 John Buddle paid tribute to the efficiency of the rails of Curr's type, which were first used for surface transport by Joseph Butler in 1788 at his iron furnace at Wingerworth near Chesterfield: their use was then promoted widely by Benjamin Outram, and they were adopted in many other English mines. They proved serviceable until the advent of locomotives demanded different rails.In 1788 Curr also developed a system for drawing a full corve up a mine shaft while lowering an empty one, with guides to separate them. At the surface the corves were automatically emptied by tipplers. Four years later he was awarded a patent for using double ropes for lifting heavier loads. As the weight of the rope itself became a considerable problem with the increasing depth of the shafts, Curr invented the flat hemp rope, patented in 1798, which consisted of several small round ropes stitched together and lapped upon itself in winding. It acted as a counterbalance and led to a reduction in the time and cost of hoisting: at the beginning of a run the loaded rope began to coil upon a small diameter, gradually increasing, while the unloaded rope began to coil off a large diameter, gradually decreasing.Curr's book The Coal Viewer (1797) is the earliest-known engineering work on railway track and it also contains the most elaborate description of a Newcomen pumping engine, at the highest state of its development. He became an acknowledged expert on construction of Newcomen-type atmospheric engines, and in 1792 he established a foundry to make parts for railways and engines.Because of the poor financial results of the Duke of Norfolk's collieries at the end of the century, Curr was dismissed in 1801 despite numerous inventions and improvements which he had introduced. After his dismissal, six more of his patents were concerned with rope-making: the one he gained in 1813 referred to the application of flat ropes to horse-gins and perpendicular drum-shafts of steam engines. Curr also introduced the use of inclined planes, where a descending train of full corves pulled up an empty one, and he was one of the pioneers employing fixed steam engines for hauling. He may have resided in France for some time before his death.[br]Bibliography1788. British patent no. 1,660 (guides in mine shafts).1789. An Account of tin Improved Method of Drawing Coals and Extracting Ores, etc., from Mines, Newcastle upon Tyne.1797. The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion; reprinted with five plates and an introduction by Charles E.Lee, 1970, London: Frank Cass, and New York: Augustus M.Kelley.1798. British patent no. 2,270 (flat hemp ropes).Further ReadingF.Bland, 1930–1, "John Curr, originator of iron tram roads", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 11:121–30.R.A.Mott, 1969, Tramroads of the eighteenth century and their originator: John Curr', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 42:1–23 (includes corrections to Fred Bland's earlier paper).Charles E.Lee, 1970, introduction to John Curr, The Coal Viewer and Engine Builder's Practical Companion, London: Frank Cass, pp. 1–4; orig. pub. 1797, Sheffield (contains the most comprehensive biographical information).R.Galloway, 1898, Annals of Coalmining, Vol. I, London; reprinted 1971, London (provides a detailed account of Curr's technological alterations).WK / PJGR -
87 Marshall, William
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. baptized 28 July 1745 Yorkshire, Englandd. 1818 Pickering, Yorkshire, England[br]English commentator and writer on agriculture who established the first agricultural college in Britain.[br]Little is known for certain about William Marshall's early life, other than that he was baptized at Sinnington in the West Riding of Yorkshire. On his own account he was involved in trade in the West Indies from the age of 15 for a period of fourteen years. It is assumed that he was financially successful in this, for on his return to England in 1774 he was able to purchase Addisham Farm in Surrey. Having sacked his bailiff he determined to keep a minute book relating to all transactions on the farm, which he was now managing for himself. On these entries he made additional comments. The publication of these writings was the beginning of a substantial review of agriculture in Britain and a criticism of existing practices. From 1779 he acted as agent on a Norfolk estate, and his five years in that position resulted in The Rural Economy of Norfolk, the first of a series of county reviews that he was to write, intending the somewhat ambitious task of surveying the whole country. By 1808 Marshall had accumulated sufficient capital to be able to purchase a substantial property in the Vale of Cleveland, where he lived for the rest of his life. At the time of his death he was engaged in the erection of a building to serve as an agricultural college; the same building is now a rural-life museum.[br]BibliographyOther titles in his Rural Economy series included Yorkshire in 1788, Gloucester in 1789, The Midland Counties in 1790, The West of England in 1796, and The Southern Counties two years later. Further titles included Experiments and Observations Concerning Agriculture and the Weather in 1779, Observations on the Different Breeds of Sheep in 1792, The General View of the Agriculture of Central HighlandScotland in 1794, and Planting and Rural Ornament in 1796. He also wrote On the Enclosure of Commonable and Intermixed Lands in 1801, On the Landed Property of England, an Elementary Practical Treatise in 1804, and On the Management of Landed Estates in 1806. He was not asked to write any of the County Surveys produced by the Board of Agriculture, despite his own claims to the origin of the idea. Instead in 1817 he wrote A Review and Complete Abstract of the Reports of the Board of Agriculture as his own criticism of them.Further ReadingJoan Thirsk, 1989, The Agrarian History of England and Wales, Vol. VI (deals with the years 1750 to 1850, the period associated with Marshall).Pamela Horn, 1982, William Marshall (1745–1818) and the Georgian Countryside, Beacon (gives a more specific account).AP -
88 Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1674 Englandd. 1738 England[br]English landowner and improver.[br]Charles Townshend succeeded his father as 2nd Viscount Townshend at the age of 15. In his early life he played a prominent political role: he was Lord Privy Seal under William III; served as a commissioner to treat for the Union between Scotland and England; and, with Marlborough, signed the treaty of Gertruydenberg in 1709. He was Secretary of State under both George I and George II, and was for a time Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.In 1730 he retired from political life to Raynham, in Norfolk, and devoted himself to the care of his estate and to experiments in agricultural husbandry. He paid particular attention to the rotation of crops and the cultivation of turnips and clover. His efforts on the light soil of his estate brought substantial returns, and those of his tenants and neighbours who followed his example also prospered. His particular zeal for the merits of the turnip earned him the nickname of "Turnip Townshend".He is popularly credited with the introduction of the Norfolk Four Course Rotation, but this had certainly been long practised in his area. However, the success of his farming practice and the wide publicity that he gave to it were important factors in the improvement of British agriculture during the mid-eighteenth century.[br]Further ReadingR.E.Prothero, 1892, article in Journal of the Royal Agricultural Society of England: 1–3.——1912, English Farming Past and Present, London, pp. 172–5 (places Townshend within his context).APBiographical history of technology > Townshend, Charles, 2nd Viscount
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89 10634
1. LAT Aplonis fusca ( Gould)2. RUS норфолкский аплонис m3. ENG Lord Howe Island starling, Norfolk Island starling4. DEU Norfolk-Star m5. FRA —DICTIONARY OF ANIMAL NAMES IN FIVE LANGUAGES — BIRDS > 10634
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90 7956
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91 8767
1. LAT Zosterops albogularis ( Gould)2. RUS норфолкская [белогорлая] белоглазка f3. ENG Norfolk (Island) white-eye, white-chested white-eye4. DEU Norfolk-Brillenvogel m5. FRA — -
92 Ад в океане
Australian slang: Ocean Hell (прозвище о-ва Норфолк (Norfolk Island), служившего местом повторного наказания при конвиктизме (convictism)) -
93 норфолкский каплун
Jocular: Norfolk caponУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > норфолкский каплун
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94 (граф.) Норфолк
Geography: Norfolk (Англия, Великобритания) -
95 (о.) Норфолк
Geography: Norfolk Island (м. Фиджи, влад. Австралии) -
96 Aeschna isosceles
Entomology: Norfolk aeschna (лат.) -
97 NF
1) Naval: NF product, non-flammable product2) Politics: Norfolk Island -
98 Regional Navy Mail Center
Abbreviation: RNMC (Norfolk VA)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Regional Navy Mail Center
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99 авдотка
1) General subject: thick knee2) Biology: Norfolk plover (Burhinus oedicnemus), stone curlew (Burhinus), stone curlew (Burhinus oedicnemus)3) Zoology: thick-knee (Burhinus oedicnemus)4) Ornithology: dikkop (Burhinus), thick-knee (Burhinus) -
100 араукария высокая
Biology: Norfolk Island pine (Araucaria excelsa)
См. также в других словарях:
Norfolk — Geografie Status: Zeremonielle und Verwaltungsgrafschaft Region: East of England Fläche: 5.372 km² Verwalt … Deutsch Wikipedia
Norfolk — es un condado situado en el sudeste de Inglaterra. Limita al oeste con Lincolnshire, al oeste y al suroeste con Cambridgeshire, y al sur con Suffolk. Al norte y al este limita con el Mar del Norte. Su capital es Norwich. Otras ciudades de esta… … Enciclopedia Universal
Norfolk — Norfolk, NE U.S. city in Nebraska Population (2000): 23516 Housing Units (2000): 10072 Land area (2000): 9.972959 sq. miles (25.829845 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.099909 sq. miles (0.258762 sq. km) Total area (2000): 10.072868 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
NORFOLK — NORFOLK, central city of the Tidewater region of S.E. Virginia, noted for maritime activities and the presence of U.S. military bases. Its Jewish population in 2001 was 11,000. The first known Jewish settler in Norfolk, moses myers (1752–1835)… … Encyclopedia of Judaism
Norfolk TV — is a television channel on Norfolk Island (administratively part of Australia) broadcasting information and news about the island, children s shows in the morning and some sitcoms in the afternoon. It is the only terrestrial television channel… … Wikipedia
norfolk — [nɔʀfɔlk] n. m. ÉTYM. 1918; angl. Norfolk, nom d un comté de la Grande Bretagne. ❖ ♦ Vieilli. Tenue vestimentaire pour garçonnet constituée d une veste avec martingale et d une culotte courte. || Un norfolk. Appos. || Costume norfolk. 0 Sur sa… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Norfolk, NE — U.S. city in Nebraska Population (2000): 23516 Housing Units (2000): 10072 Land area (2000): 9.972959 sq. miles (25.829845 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.099909 sq. miles (0.258762 sq. km) Total area (2000): 10.072868 sq. miles (26.088607 sq. km)… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Norfolk, NY — U.S. Census Designated Place in New York Population (2000): 1334 Housing Units (2000): 610 Land area (2000): 2.681561 sq. miles (6.945212 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.091661 sq. miles (0.237401 sq. km) Total area (2000): 2.773222 sq. miles… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Norfolk, VA — U.S. city in Virginia Population (2000): 234403 Housing Units (2000): 94416 Land area (2000): 53.728089 sq. miles (139.155107 sq. km) Water area (2000): 42.575917 sq. miles (110.271113 sq. km) Total area (2000): 96.304006 sq. miles (249.426220 sq … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Norfolk — coat or Norfolk jacket (made with foreand aft box pleats, big pockets, and a belt, first produced in England’s Norfolk county) … Eponyms, nicknames, and geographical games
Norfolk — Nordfolc (1066) (Territory of the) Northern People (of the East Angles). The Norfolk pine (1778), used as an ornamental tree, is from Norfolk Island in the South Pacific, northwest of New Zealand … Etymology dictionary
