-
1 mórë
noun "blackness, dark, night, darkness" MOR, MC:214, also given with a short vowel:morë "dark, darkness" Letters:282. If this is the initial element of Morinehtar "Darkness-slayer" PM:384, 385, it would seem to have the stem-form mori-, though mori- is normally the adjective "dark, black" see below. -
2 morë
adj. "black" MOR, "dark, darkness" Letters:282. In compounds the stem-form mori- q.v. appears, since the primitive form was ¤mori. -
3 vórima
more or less identical to vorima above? adj. "steadfast in allegiance, in keeping oath or promise, faithful"; genitive vórimo in a variant of CO; see UT:317. In VT45:7, vórima is glossed "continuous, enduring, repeated". -
4 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
5 alda
noun "tree" GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7, also name of tengwa \#28 Appendix E. Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada sic referred to a plant large and was a general term. Place-name Aldalómë tree-night or tree-shade-night LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82; Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of the Trees" Appendix A, Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King UT:210. Aldaron a name of Oromë Silm; aldinga "tree-top" VT47:28, aldarembina pl. aldarembinë attested adj. tree-tangled, the cognate of Sindarin galadhremminPM:17:26.Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees Appendix D. The word seems to include *Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa presumably *aldajā, referring to one tree the White only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië "Lament for the Two Trees" a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did Silm -
6 ric-
k 1 vb. try, put forth effort, strive, endeavour PE17:93, 94, 167, imperative á ricë try!, pl. á ricir let them try, á rice amaricië try harder! or more idiomatically á carë sí ancarië, lit. *do now with more doing! 2 vb. "twist", perfect irícië "has twisted" VT39:9 -
7 ëa
1 sometimes "eä" vb. "is" CO, in a more absolute sense "exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29 than the copula ná. Eä "it is" VT39:6 or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa who is above all thrones CO and i ëa han ëa *who is beyond the universe of Eä VT43:14. Eä is said to the be present & aorist tense VT49:29. The past tense of ëa is engë VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30, the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva VT49:29. See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote, but this term for the universe "was not held to include souls? and spirits" VT39:20; contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" VT43:14. Tolkien noted that ëa properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately, hence he deleted the example Eru ëa *God exists VT49:28, 36. However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar uëa/u the One who uis/u above all thrones as well as in various Átaremma versions see VT49:36, so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the loremasters rather than to everyday useage. 3 "eagle" LT1:251, LT2:338, a Qenya word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya. -
8 yé
1 interjection "lo!" VT47:31, also occurring in Aragorn's exclamation when he found the sapling of the White Tree. Compare yéta-. Also in the ejaculation yé mána ma = what a blessing or what a good thing! VT49:41. The more literal meaning would seem to be *behold the blessing! 2 conj.? "what is more", also yëa VT47:31 3 = ye \#3, q.v. -
9 mori
noun "night" LT1:261, in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë -
10 móri
adj. "dark" MC:221; this is "Qenya"; in Tolkien's later Quenya mórë, morë -
11 mori-
"dark, black" in a number of compounds independent form morë, q.v.:Morimando "Dark Mando" = Mandos MBAD, VT45:33, morimaitë "black-handed" LotR3:VI ch. 6, VT49:42. Moriquendi "Dark Elves" SA:mor, WJ:361, 373, Moringotto "Black Foe", Sindarin Morgoth, later name of Melkor. The oldest form is said to have been Moriñgotho MR:194. In late material, Tolkien is seen to consider both Moringotto and Moricotto k as the Quenya form of the name Morgoth VT49:24-25; Moricotto also appears in the ablative, Moricottollo. Morion "the dark one", a title of Morgoth FS. Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin short Quenya name Moryo. PM:353 In the name Morinehtar, translated "Darkness-slayer", the initial element is defined would thus seem to signify "darkness" rather than "dark" as an adjective see mórë. PM:384, 385 -
12 úχarin
adj. unmarred PE17:150, this would be úharin in more standard spelling and later pronunciation. In a more widely published source, the word for unmarred is alahasta, q.v. -
13 mar
1 noun "earth" world, also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- VT46:13, PE17:64, also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" FS; the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi high halls sg. oromar, PM17:64, referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil Nam, RGEO:66. The initial element of Mardorunando q.v. may be the genitive mardo distinguish mardo "dweller". May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" of persons or peoples; in names like Valimar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6. Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már mar- for "home, house" also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v., whereas mar mard- is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar mas- "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" LT1:251; notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-. -
14 halya-
vb. "veil, conceal, screen from light" SKALsup1/sup, VT46:13 Tolkien noted that √SKAL applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things PE17:184, contrasting it with √SPAN, the rejected stem of fanta-, q.v. -
15 netë
*"one more, another", used in enumerating a series: e.g. 1, 2, 3, netë, netë, netë...with netë used instead of citing the actual numbers. VT47:15, VT48:14-15, 31 -
16 ëaren
noun "eagle" or "eyrie" LT1:251; this early "Qenya" word is evidently no more valid than ëa "eagle" in LotR-style Quenya. -
17 camba
noun "the whole hand, but as flexed, with fingers more or less closed, cupped, in the attitude of receiving or holding" VT47:7 -
18 tamo
noun smith PE17:108, more usual esp. among the Noldor than the variant sintamo, q.v. Cf. tano. -
19 puhta
noun "coitus" PE13:163, gloss specified to refer to "one act"; a more general word for "sex" could perhaps be derived by adding an abstract or generalizing ending like -lë -
20 ar
1 conj. "and" ARsup2/sup, SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40. The older form of the conjunction was az PE17:41. Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s PE17:41, 71, but in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases PE17:71. In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar and raiments to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation PE17:175. More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in Old Quenya, the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant PE17:41, 71. An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" VT43:31, cf. VT48:14. In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ara VT45:6. In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and PE17:145; compare ara. 2 noun "day" PE17:148, apparently short for árë,occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant VT45:27. Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë or ré, q.v.
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