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1 Appert, Nicolas
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1749 Châlons-sur-Marne, France d. 1841[br]French confectioner who invented canning as a method of food preservation.[br]As the son of an inn keeper, Nicolas Appert would have learned about pickling and brewing, but he chose to become a chef and confectioner, establishing himself in the rue des Lombards in Paris in 1780. He prospered there until about 1795, and in that year he began experimenting in ways to preserve foodstuffs, succeeding with soups, vegetables, juices, dairy products, jellies, jams and syrups. His method was to place food in glass jars, seal the jars with cork and sealing wax, then sterilize them by immersion in boiling water for a predetermined time.In 1810 the French Government offered a 12,000 franc award to anyone succeeding in preserving high-quality foodstuffs for its army and navy. Appert won the award and in 1812 used the money to open the world's first food-bottling factory, La Maison Appert, in the town of Massey, near Paris. He established agents in all the major sea ports, recognizing the marine market as his most likely customer, and supplied products to Napoleon's troops in the field. By 1820 Appert's method was in use all over the United States, in spite of the simultaneous development of other containers of tin or other metals by an English merchant, Peter Durand, and the production of canned food products by the Bermondsey firm of Donkin \& Hall, London. The latter had opened the first canning factory in England in 1811.Initially Appert used glass jars and bottles, but in 1822 he changed to tin-plated metal cans. To heat the cans he used an autoclave, which heated the water to a temperature higher than its boiling point. A hammer and chisel were needed to open cans until the invention of a can opener by an Englishman named Yates in 1855. Despite Appert's successes, he received little financial reward and died in poverty; he was buried in a common grave.[br]Bibliography1810, L'Art de conserver pendant plusieurs années toutes les sustenances animales et végétales (the Société d'Encouragement pour l'Industrie Nationale produced a report in its annual bulletin in 1809).Further ReadingEnglish historians have tended to concentrate on Bryan Donkin, who established tin cans as the primary container for long-term food preservation.J.Potin, 1891, Biographie de Nicolas Appert.1960, Canning and Packing 2–5.AP -
2 Agricultural and food technology
See also: INDEX BY SUBJECT AREA[br]Jia SixieLi BingSong YingxingTownshend, CharlesWang ZhenXu GuangqiBiographical history of technology > Agricultural and food technology
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3 Durand, Peter
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]fl. early 1800s England[br]English merchant who initiated the process of canning food.[br]Durand sold his idea to Bryan Donkin I and John Hall, who opened the first canned food factory in 1811.See also: Appert, NicolasIMcN
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Nicolas Appert — 1841 Born 17 November 1749(1749 11 17) Châlons en Champagne, France Died 1 J … Wikipedia
Nicolás Appert — (* Châlons en Champagne 17 de noviembre de 1749 Massy 1 de junio de 1841) fue un maestro confitero y cocinero francés inventor del método de preservación hermética de los alimentos. Fundó la primera fábrica comercial de conservas en el mundo.… … Wikipedia Español
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Nicolas Appert — Pour les articles homonymes, voir Appert. Nicolas Appert Nom de naissance Nicolas Appert … Wikipédia en Français
Nicolás Appert — Nicolás François Appert (1750 1841) Francés, inventor del método de preservación hermética de los alimentos. Él abrió la primera fábrica comercial de conservas en el mundo. Fue un buen cocinero y trabajó en las cocinas de la princesa de Forbach,… … Enciclopedia Universal
Nicolas Appert (study association) — The logo of Nicolas Appert Nicolas Appert is a Dutch study association for Food Technology students at Wageningen University. The association is named after the French inventor Nicolas Appert. External links (English) … Wikipedia
François-Nicolas Appert — Nicolas Appert Nicolas Appert Nom de naissance Nicolas Appert Naissance 1749 Châlons en Champagne Décès 1841 (à 91 ans … Wikipédia en Français
François-Nicolas Appert — Nicolas Appert Nicolas Appert (* 17. November 1749 in Châlons en Champagne, Frankreich; † 1. Juni 1841 in Massy, Frankreich) war ein französischer Konditor und Erfinder. Sein Geburtsjahr wird auch mit 1750 oder 1752 angegeben, sein Sterbejahr… … Deutsch Wikipedia
François Nicolas Appert — Nicolas Appert Nicolas Appert (* 17. November 1749 in Châlons en Champagne, Frankreich; † 1. Juni 1841 in Massy, Frankreich) war ein französischer Konditor und Erfinder. Sein Geburtsjahr wird auch mit 1750 oder 1752 angegeben, sein Sterbejahr… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Rue Nicolas-Appert — Rue Nicolas Appert, dans le 11e arrondissement de Paris. Conseil municipal du 18 novembre 1985. À voir fresque sur le théâtre. Portail de Paris Catégorie : Rue du 11e arrondissement de Paris … Wikipédia en Français
Nicolas François Appert — Nicolas Appert (1749 1841), born in Châlons en Champagne was the French inventor of airtight food preservation. Appert, known as the father of canning, was a confectioner. In 1800, Napoleon Bonaparte offered a 12,000 franc reward to anyone who… … Wikipedia
