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1 neocortex
neocortex -
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s.neopalio, neocórtex. (plural neocortices) -
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неокортекс (иммуномодулятор, полученный из коры головного мозга) -
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1) Медицина: гомогенетическая кора головного мозга, изокортекс, неокортекс, новая кора головного мозга, новая кора (гомогенетическая; головного мозга)2) Иммунология: неокортекс (иммуномодулятор, полученный из коры головного мозга) -
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мед.сущ. неокортекс* * *новая кора головного мозга, неокортекс -
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n. (대뇌의)신피질 -
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• neokortex -
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Neokortex m, Neopallium n ( stammesgeschichtlich junger Teil der Großhirnrinde) -
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새피질, 신피질 -
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неокортекс -
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новая кора головного мозга, гомогенетическая кора головного мозга, изокортекс, неокортексАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > neocortex
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14 cognitive intelligence
когнитивный интеллект, когнитивное восприятиев отличие от эмоционального интеллекта и эмоционального восприятия ( emotional intelligence) - такие качества (способности) человека, как умение логически мыслить, рассуждать, читать, писать, анализировать, устанавливать приоритеты, за которые отвечает новая кора головного мозга (neocortex), а не эмоциональные центры мозгаАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > cognitive intelligence
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15 Brain
Among the higher mammals the great development of neocortex occurs.In each group of mammals there is a steady increase in the area of the association cortex from the most primitive to the evolutionarily most recent type; there is an increase in the number of neurons and their connections. The degree of consciousness of an organism is some function of neuronal cell number and connectivity, perhaps of neurons of a particular type in association cortex regions. This function is of a threshold type such that there is a significant quantitative break with the emergence of humans. Although the importance of language and the argument that it is genetically specified and unique to humans must be reconsidered in the light of the recent evidence as to the possibility of teaching chimpanzees, if not to speak, then to manipulate symbolic words and phrases, there are a number of unique human features which combine to make the transition not merely quantitative, but also qualitative. In particular these include the social, productive nature of human existence, and the range and extent of the human capacity to communicate. These features have made human history not so much one of biological but of social evolution, of continuous cultural transformation. (Rose, 1976, pp. 180-181)[S]ome particular property of higher primate and cetacean brains did not evolve until recently. But what was that property? I can suggest at least four possibilities...: (1) Never before was there a brain so massive; (2) Never before was there a brain with so large a ratio of brain to body mass; (3) Never before was there a brain with certain functional units (large frontal and temporal lobes, for example); (4) Never before was there a brain with so many neural connections or synapses.... Explanations 1, 2 and 4 argue that a quantitative change produced a qualitative change. It does not seem to me that a crisp choice among these four alternatives can be made at the present time, and I suspect that the truth will actually embrace most or all of these possibilities. (Sagan, 1978, pp. 107-109)The crucial change in the human brain in this million years or so has not been so much the increase in size by a factor of three, but the concentration of that increase in three or four main areas. The visual area has increased considerably, and, compared with the chimpanzee, the actual density of human brain cells is at least 50 percent greater. A second increase has taken place in the area of manipulation of the hand, which is natural since we are much more hand-driven animals than monkeys and apes. Another main increase has taken place in the temporal lobe, in which visual memory, integration, and speech all lie fairly close together. And the fourth great increase has taken place in the frontal lobes. Their function is extremely difficult to understand... ; but it is clear that they're largely responsible for the ability to initiate a task, to be attentive while it is being done, and to persevere with it. (Bronowski, 1978, pp. 23-24)The human brain works however it works. Wishing for it to work in some way as a shortcut to justifying some ethical principle undermines both the science and the ethics (for what happens to the principle if the scientific facts turn out to go the other way?). (Pinker, 1994, p. 427)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Brain
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16 Intelligence
There is no mystery about it: the child who is familiar with books, ideas, conversation-the ways and means of the intellectual life-before he begins school, indeed, before he begins consciously to think, has a marked advantage. He is at home in the House of intellect just as the stableboy is at home among horses, or the child of actors on the stage. (Barzun, 1959, p. 142)It is... no exaggeration to say that sensory-motor intelligence is limited to desiring success or practical adaptation, whereas the function of verbal or conceptual thought is to know and state truth. (Piaget, 1954, p. 359)ntelligence has two parts, which we shall call the epistemological and the heuristic. The epistemological part is the representation of the world in such a form that the solution of problems follows from the facts expressed in the representation. The heuristic part is the mechanism that on the basis of the information solves the problem and decides what to do. (McCarthy & Hayes, 1969, p. 466)Many scientists implicitly assume that, among all animals, the behavior and intelligence of nonhuman primates are most like our own. Nonhuman primates have relatively larger brains and proportionally more neocortex than other species... and it now seems likely that humans, chimpanzees, and gorillas shared a common ancestor as recently as 5 to 7 million years ago.... This assumption about the unique status of primate intelligence is, however, just that: an assumption. The relations between intelligence and measures of brain size is poorly understood, and evolutionary affinity does not always ensure behavioral similarity. Moreover, the view that nonhuman primates are the animals most like ourselves coexists uneasily in our minds with the equally pervasive view that primates differ fundamentally from us because they lack language; lacking language, they also lack many of the capacities necessary for reasoning and abstract thought. (Cheney & Seyfarth, 1990, p. 4)Few constructs are asked to serve as many functions in psychology as is the construct of human intelligence.... Consider four of the main functions addressed in theory and research on intelligence, and how they differ from one another.1. Biological. This type of account looks at biological processes. To qualify as a useful biological construct, intelligence should be a biochemical or biophysical process or at least somehow a resultant of biochemical or biophysical processes.2. Cognitive approaches. This type of account looks at molar cognitive representations and processes. To qualify as a useful mental construct, intelligence should be specifiable as a set of mental representations and processes that are identifiable through experimental, mathematical, or computational means.3. Contextual approaches. To qualify as a useful contextual construct, intelligence should be a source of individual differences in accomplishments in "real-world" performances. It is not enough just to account for performance in the laboratory. On [sic] the contextual view, what a person does in the lab may not even remotely resemble what the person would do outside it. Moreover, different cultures may have different conceptions of intelligence, which affect what would count as intelligent in one cultural context versus another.4. Systems approaches. Systems approaches attempt to understand intelligence through the interaction of cognition with context. They attempt to establish a link between the two levels of analysis, and to analyze what forms this link takes. (Sternberg, 1994, pp. 263-264)High but not the highest intelligence, combined with the greatest degrees of persistence, will achieve greater eminence than the highest degree of intelligence with somewhat less persistence. (Cox, 1926, p. 187)There are no definitive criteria of intelligence, just as there are none for chairness; it is a fuzzy-edged concept to which many features are relevant. Two people may both be quite intelligent and yet have very few traits in common-they resemble the prototype along different dimensions.... [Intelligence] is a resemblance between two individuals, one real and the other prototypical. (Neisser, 1979, p. 185)Given the complementary strengths and weaknesses of the differential and information-processing approaches, it should be possible, at least in theory, to synthesise an approach that would capitalise upon the strength of each approach, and thereby share the weakness of neither. (Sternberg, 1977, p. 65)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Intelligence
См. также в других словарях:
néocortex — [ neokɔrtɛks ] n. m. • av. 1950; de néo et cortex ♦ Anat. Couche de substance grise, particulièrement développée chez les mammifères, qui constitue la paroi des hémisphères cérébraux. Adj. NÉOCORTICAL, ALE, AUX . ● néocortex nom masculin Synonyme … Encyclopédie Universelle
neocortex — NEOCÓRTEX, neocortexuri, s.n. (anat.) Porţiune din creier care filogenetic este cea mai recentă şi constituie la om cea mai mare parte a scoarţei cerebrale. [pr.: ne o ] – Din fr. néo cortex, engl. neocortex. Trimis de LauraGellner, 08.06.2004.… … Dicționar Român
neocórtex — m. anat. Porción de la corteza cerebral formada por seis capas celulares superpuestas y cuyo origen evolutivo es muy reciente. Es el responsable de las funciones de relación. También se denomina neopalio. Medical Dictionary. 2011 … Diccionario médico
neocortex — eocortex n. The cortical part of the neencephalon; the most recently evolved part of the cerebral cortex of the brain of higher animals, and the site of most of the higher brain functions; called also {neopallium}. Syn: neopallium. [WordNet 1.5] … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Neocortex — vgl. Neokortex … Das Wörterbuch medizinischer Fachausdrücke
neocortex — [nē΄ō kör′teks΄] n. the part of the thin, gray outer layer of the brain s cortex usually associated with human thought and higher intelligence neocortical adj … English World dictionary
Neocortex — For other uses, see Neocortex (disambiguation). Brain: Neocortex NeuroNames ancil 754 MeSH Neocortex NeuroLex … Wikipedia
Néocortex — Le néocortex ou néopallium est une zone du cerveau des mammifères qui correspond à la couche externe des hémisphères cérébraux. Il fait partie du cortex cérébral (comprenant également l archicortex (en) et le paléocortex, membres du système… … Wikipédia en Français
Neocórtex — Este artículo o sección necesita referencias que aparezcan en una publicación acreditada, como revistas especializadas, monografías, prensa diaria o páginas de Internet fidedignas. Puedes añadirlas así o avisar … Wikipedia Español
Neocortex — Unter Neocortex wird der stammesgeschichtlich jüngste Teil der Großhirnrinde verstanden. Er wird nur bei Säugetieren gefunden. Der Begriff Neocortex wurde von dem Frankfurter Neurologen Ludwig Edinger (1855–1918) geprägt. Beim Menschen bildet der … Deutsch Wikipedia
Neocortex — ► sustantivo masculino BIOLOGÍA Área de la corteza cerebral de los mamíferos, muy desarrollada, en la que tienen lugar las impresiones de los sentidos, excepto el olfato. SINÓNIMO neopálido * * * Neocortex o corteza nueva , o , la corteza más… … Enciclopedia Universal
