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1 fizičar
• natural philosopher; physicist -
2 physicus
physicus adj., φυσικόσ, of natural philosophy, of physics, natural: quiddam physicum, something relating to physics: ratio.—As subst m., a natural philosopher, naturalist, C.— Plur n. as subst, physics: physicorum ignarus.* * *Iphysica, physicum ADJpertaining/relating to physics/natural science/physical nature; natural, inbornIIphysicist, natural philosopher; natural scientist -
3 nātūrālis
nātūrālis e, adj. [natura], natural, by birth, one's own: filius, L.: decōris Munus, O.—As subst n.: alquid naturale habere, innate capacity.—Of the nature of things, produced by nature, according to nature, natural: societas: lex: bonum: malum, O.: desiderium corporum, L.: quaestiones, concerning nature.* * *Iphysical/natural scientist; physicist; natural philosopherIInaturalis, naturale ADJnatural, normal, typical, characteristic; inate, inherent; physical (science); natural; (not adoptive, parents); (parts of body/genitals, excretory outlets) -
4 φυσικός
A natural, produced or caused by nature, inborn, native, once in X.,Mem.3.9.1, not in Pl., freq. in Arist. (τὰ περὶ γένεσιν φ. Ph. 191a3
, al.), and later Prose; opp. διδακτός, X. l.c.; opp. νομικός (conventional), ; ἡ φ. χρῆσις, opp. ἡ παρὰ φύσιν, Ep.Rom.1.26; of style, natural, simple,ἀληθὲς καὶ φ. χρῶμα D.H.Th.42
; τὸ φ., opp. τὸ τεχνικόν, ib.34: φ. υἱός, = ὁ ἐκ πορνείας γεγονώς, opp. γνήσιος, Thom.Mag.p.362 R.;υἱὸς γνήσιος καὶ φ. PLips.28.18
(iv A. D.). Adv. - κῶς by nature, naturally, κινητόν, κινεῖσθαι, Arist.Ph. 201a24, Cael. 307b32;ὠχυρωμένη φ. λίμνῃ D.S.20.55
;ἀκατασκεύως καὶ φ. Plb.6.4.7
, etc.2 belonging to growth, Stoic.2.205, al.3 φ. ὀδόντες milk-teeth, Nicom. ap. Theol.Ar.49.II of or concerning the order of external nature, natural, physical,ἡ φ. ἐπιστήμη Arist.PA 640a2
; φ. φιλοσοφία ib. 653a9;ἡ φ. Id.Metaph. 1026a6
, etc.; opp. μαθηματική, θεολογική, ib. 1064b2; τὰ φ. ib. 1026a4; οἱ φ. λόγοι f.l. for οἱ φυσιολόγοι, Id.EN 1154b7; φ. προτάσεις, opp. ἠθικαί, λογικαί, Id.Top. 105b21; τὸ φ., τὸ ἠθικόν, τὸ λογικόν, the three branches of philosophy, Zeno Stoic.1.15, etc., cf. S.E.P.2.13; τὰ πρῶτα καὶ -ώτατα the primal elements of things, Plu.2.395d.2ὁ φ.
an inquirer into nature, natural philosopher,Arist.
de An. 403a28, PA 641a21, Metaph. 1005a34;περὶ πασῶν [τῶν αἰτιῶν] εἰδέναι τοῦ φ. Id.Ph. 198a22
, cf. Metaph. 1026a5: esp. of the Ionic and other pre-Socratic philosophers, Id.Ph. 184b17, 187a12, 205a5, al.: also ὁ φ., of Epicurus, Phylarch. 24J.; ὁ φυσικώτατος, of Thales, Luc.Ner.4.b army surgeon, dub. in IG12.950.153.3 ἡ φ. ἀκρόασις, title of a treatise by Arist.; τὰ φυσικά, a name given to his physical treatises, Id.Ph. 267b21, Metaph. 1042b8;ἐπιτομὴ φυσικῶν Id.Pr. 10t
it.4 Adv.- κῶς
according to the laws of nature,Id.
Ph. 198a23; opp. λογικῶς, ib. 204b10: [comp] Comp.- ώτερον εἰπεῖν Id.GC 335b25
.III later, belonging to occult laws of nature, magical, φ. φάρμακα spells or amulets, Alex. Trall.1.15;φυσικοῖς χρῆσθαι Gp.2.18.8
; φ. θεραπεία ib.2.42.3; φ. δακτύλιοι Sch.Ar.Pl. 884. Adv.- κῶς Gp.9.1.5
.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φυσικός
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5 physicus
physĭcus (scanned physĭcus, Sid. Carm. 15, 101), a, um, adj., = phusikos, of or belonging to natural philosophy or physics, natural, physical:II.quiddam physicum,
something relating to physics, Cic. Div. 2, 59, 122:ratio,
id. N. D. 2, 21, 54:homines,
naturalists, Marc. Emp. Carm. Med. 19.—Subst.A.physĭcus, i, m., a natural philosopher, naturalist:B.ut ait physicus Anaxagoras,
Varr. R. R. 1, 40:Democritus,
id. ib. 1, 1, 8:non pudet igitur physicum, id est speculatorem venatoremque naturae, petere, etc.,
Cic. N. D. 1, 30, 83; id. Rep. 5, 3, 5.— Plur., Cic. de Or. 1, 10, 42; id. Ac. 2, 5, 14.—physĭca, ōrum, n., physics:physicorum ignarus,
Cic. Or. 34, 119:in physicis alienus,
not versed in, id. Fin. 1, 6, 17.—Hence, adv.: physĭcē, in the manner of naturalists, physically:dicere,
Cic. N. D. 3, 7, 18. -
6 естествоиспытатель
General subject: natural philosopher, natural scientist, naturalist, scientistУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > естествоиспытатель
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7 Anderson, John
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. 1726 Roseneath, Dumbartonshire, Scotlandd. 13 January 1796[br]Scottish natural philosopher.[br]Born in Roseneath manse, son of the minister, he was educated after his father's death by an aunt, a Mrs Turner, to whom he later paid back the cost, and was later an officer in the corps that was raised to resist the rebellion of 1745. He studied at Glasgow, where in 1756 he became Professor of Oriental Languages and, in 1760, Professor of Natural Philosophy; he is notable for allowing artisans to attend his lectures in their working clothes. He planned the fortifications set up to defend Greenock in 1759, and was sympathetic with the French Revolution. He invented a cannon in which the recoil was counteracted by the condensation of air in the carriage. After unsuccessfully trying to interest the Government in this gun, he went to Paris in 1791 and offered it to the National Convention. While there he invented a means of smuggling French newspapers into Germany by the use of small balloons. He lost in a lawsuit with the other professors. In 1786 he published Institutes of Physics, which ran to five editions in ten years, and in 1800 he wrote on Roman antiquities. Upon his death he left all his library and apparatus to an educational institute, which was named after him but has now become the University of Strathclyde, Glasgow.[br]Bibliography1786, Institutes of Physics.Further ReadingGlasgow Mechanics' Magazine.IMcN -
8 алхимик
2) Obsolete: adept, natural philosopher3) History: spagyric -
9 физик
1) General subject: natural philosopher, physicist, physical scientist2) Jargon: bone-bender, bone-breaker3) Banking: (физлицо) individual, retail client (банковский сленг) -
10 натуралист
naturalist, natural philosopher -
11 mudrac
• mattress; natural philosopher; oracle; sage; sholastic; wiseman -
12 prirodnjak
• biolog; natural philosopher; naturalist; scientist -
13 فيلسوف الطبيعة
n. natural philosopher -
14 естествоиспытатель
naturalist имя существительное:naturalist (натуралист, естествоиспытатель, владелец зоомагазина, продавец животных, продавец чучел)natural philosopher (естествоиспытатель, физик)Русско-английский синонимический словарь > естествоиспытатель
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15 физик
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16 Empedoclea
Empĕdŏcles, is ( gen. -cli, Gell. 4, 11, 9; acc. -clem, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44;II.-clen,
id. ib. 2, 5, 14 al.), m., = Empedoklês, a famous natural philosopher of Agrigentum, about 460 B. C., Lucr. 1, 716 sq.; Cic. N. D. 1, 12; id. de Or. 1, 50, 217; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; Quint. 1, 4, 4; 3, 1, 8; Plin. 29, 1, 4, § 5; Gell. 17, 21, 14; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 20; id. A. P. 465.—Hence,Empĕdoclēus, a, um, adj., Empedoclean: sanguis (acc. to his doctrine, the soul), Cic. Tusc. 1, 17 fin.— Subst.: Empĕdoclēa, ōrum, n., Empedoclean doctrines, id. Q. Fr. 2, 11 fin. -
17 Empedocles
Empĕdŏcles, is ( gen. -cli, Gell. 4, 11, 9; acc. -clem, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44;II.-clen,
id. ib. 2, 5, 14 al.), m., = Empedoklês, a famous natural philosopher of Agrigentum, about 460 B. C., Lucr. 1, 716 sq.; Cic. N. D. 1, 12; id. de Or. 1, 50, 217; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; Quint. 1, 4, 4; 3, 1, 8; Plin. 29, 1, 4, § 5; Gell. 17, 21, 14; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 20; id. A. P. 465.—Hence,Empĕdoclēus, a, um, adj., Empedoclean: sanguis (acc. to his doctrine, the soul), Cic. Tusc. 1, 17 fin.— Subst.: Empĕdoclēa, ōrum, n., Empedoclean doctrines, id. Q. Fr. 2, 11 fin. -
18 Empedocleus
Empĕdŏcles, is ( gen. -cli, Gell. 4, 11, 9; acc. -clem, Cic. Ac. 1, 12, 44;II.-clen,
id. ib. 2, 5, 14 al.), m., = Empedoklês, a famous natural philosopher of Agrigentum, about 460 B. C., Lucr. 1, 716 sq.; Cic. N. D. 1, 12; id. de Or. 1, 50, 217; id. Tusc. 1, 9, 19; Quint. 1, 4, 4; 3, 1, 8; Plin. 29, 1, 4, § 5; Gell. 17, 21, 14; Hor. Ep. 1, 12, 20; id. A. P. 465.—Hence,Empĕdoclēus, a, um, adj., Empedoclean: sanguis (acc. to his doctrine, the soul), Cic. Tusc. 1, 17 fin.— Subst.: Empĕdoclēa, ōrum, n., Empedoclean doctrines, id. Q. Fr. 2, 11 fin. -
19 φυσικεύομαι
A to be or speak like a natural philosopher, Julian. ap.Gal.18(1).255.Greek-English dictionary (Αγγλικά Ελληνικά-λεξικό) > φυσικεύομαι
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20 Porta, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) della
SUBJECT AREA: Steam and internal combustion engines[br]b. between 3 October and 15 November 1535 Vico Equense, near Naples, Italyd. 4 February 1615 Naples, Italy[br]Italian natural philosopher who published many scientific books, one of which covered ideas for the use of steam.[br]Giambattista della Porta spent most of his life in Naples, where some time before 1580 he established the Accademia dei Segreti, which met at his house. In 1611 he was enrolled among the Oziosi in Naples, then the most renowned literary academy. He was examined by the Inquisition, which, although he had become a lay brother of the Jesuits by 1585, banned all further publication of his books between 1592 and 1598.His first book, the Magiae Naturalis, which covered the secrets of nature, was published in 1558. He had been collecting material for it since the age of 15 and he saw that science should not merely represent theory and contemplation but must arrive at practical and experimental expression. In this work he described the hardening of files and pieces of armour on quite a large scale, and it included the best sixteenth-century description of heat treatment for hardening steel. In the 1589 edition of this work he covered ways of improving vision at a distance with concave and convex lenses; although he may have constructed a compound microscope, the history of this instrument effectively begins with Galileo. His theoretical and practical work on lenses paved the way for the telescope and he also explored the properties of parabolic mirrors.In 1563 he published a treatise on cryptography, De Furtivis Liter arum Notis, which he followed in 1566 with another on memory and mnemonic devices, Arte del Ricordare. In 1584 and 1585 he published treatises on horticulture and agriculture based on careful study and practice; in 1586 he published De Humana Physiognomonia, on human physiognomy, and in 1588 a treatise on the physiognomy of plants. In 1593 he published his De Refractione but, probably because of the ban by the Inquisition, no more were produced until the Spiritali in 1601 and his translation of Ptolemy's Almagest in 1605. In 1608 two new works appeared: a short treatise on military fortifications; and the De Distillatione. There was an important work on meteorology in 1610. In 1601 he described a device similar to Hero's mechanisms which opened temple doors, only Porta used steam pressure instead of air to force the water out of its box or container, up a pipe to where it emptied out into a higher container. Under the lower box there was a small steam boiler heated by a fire. He may also have been the first person to realize that condensed steam would form a vacuum, for there is a description of another piece of apparatus where water is drawn up into a container at the top of a long pipe. The container was first filled with steam so that, when cooled, a vacuum would be formed and water drawn up into it. These are the principles on which Thomas Savery's later steam-engine worked.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of Scientific Biography, 1975, Vol. XI, New York: C.Scribner's Sons (contains a full biography).H.W.Dickinson, 1938, A Short History of the Steam Engine, Cambridge University Press (contains an account of his contributions to the early development of the steam-engine).C.Singer (ed.), 1957, A History of Technology, Vol. III, Oxford University Press (contains accounts of some of his other discoveries).I.Asimov (ed.), 1982, Biographical Encyclopaedia of Science and Technology, 2nd edn., New York: Doubleday.G.Sarton, 1957, Six wings: Men of Science in the Renaissance, London: Bodley Head, pp. 85–8.RLH / IMcNBiographical history of technology > Porta, Giovanni Battista (Giambattista) della
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