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1 natural remanent magnetism
Oil: NRMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > natural remanent magnetism
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2 естественный магнетизм
Русско-английский технический словарь > естественный магнетизм
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3 естественный магнетизм
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь Масловского > естественный магнетизм
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4 магнетизм
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5 магнетизм
м. magnetism -
6 остаточный магнетизм
1. permanent magnetism2. residual magnetismРусско-английский новый политехнический словарь > остаточный магнетизм
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7 остаточный магнетизм
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8 земной магнетизм
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > земной магнетизм
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9 южный магнетизм
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > южный магнетизм
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10 остаточный магнетизм
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > остаточный магнетизм
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11 естественный магнетизм
Engineering: natural magnetism, spontaneous magnetismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > естественный магнетизм
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12 естественный магнетизм
spontaneous magnetism, natural magnetismРусско-английский физический словарь > естественный магнетизм
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13 магнетизм
магнети́зм м.
magnetismа́томный магнети́зм — atomic magnetismесте́ственный магнети́зм — natural [spontaneous] magnetismземно́й магнети́зм — terrestrial [earth] magnetismиндуци́рованный магнети́зм — induced magnetismнаведё́нный магнети́зм — induced magnetismоста́точный магнети́зм — remanent [residual] magnetism, remanenceсо́бственный магнети́зм — intrinsic magnetismя́дерный магнети́зм — nuclear magnetism -
14 естественный остаточный магнетизм
1) Mining: natural remanent magnetism (горных пород)2) Oil: natural remanent magnetismУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > естественный остаточный магнетизм
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15 Sturgeon, William
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 22 May 1783 Whittington, Lancashire, Englandd. 4 December 1850 Prestwich, Manchester, England[br]English inventor and lecturer, discoverer of the electromagnet, and inventor of the first electric motor put to practical use.[br]After leaving an apprenticeship as a shoemaker, Sturgeon enlisted in the militia. Self-educated during service as a private in the Royal Artillery, he began to construct scientific apparatus. When he left the army in 1820 Sturgeon became an industrious writer, contributing papers to the Philosophical Magazine. In 1823 he was appointed Lecturer in Natural Science at the East India Company's Military College in Addiscombe. His invention in 1823 of an electromagnet with a horseshoe-shaped, soft iron core provided a much more concentrated magnetic field than previously obtained. An electric motor he designed in 1832 embodied his invention of the first metallic commutator. This was used to rotate a meat-roasting jack. Over an extended period he conducted researches into atmospheric electricity and also introduced the practice of amalgamating zinc in primary cells to prevent local action.Sturgeon became Lecturer at the Adelaide Gallery, London, in 1832, an appointment of short duration, terminating when the gallery closed. In 1836 he established a monthly publication, The Annals of Electricity, Magnetism and Chemistry; and Guardian of Experimental Science, the first journal in England to be devoted to the subject. It was to this journal that James Prescot Joule contributed the results of his own researches in electromagnetism. Due to lack of financial support the publication ceased in 1843 after ten volumes had been issued. At the age of 57 Sturgeon became Superintendent of the Victoria Gallery of Practical Science in Manchester; after this gallery closed, the last five years of his life were spent in considerable poverty.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsSociety of Arts Silver Medal 1825.Bibliography1836, Annals of Electricity 1:75–8 (describes his motor).All his published papers were collected in Scientific Researches, Experimental and Theoretical in Electricity, Magnetism and Electro-Chemistry, 1850, Bury; 1852, London.Further ReadingJ.P.Joule, 1857, biography, in Memoirs of the Literary and Philosophical Society 14, Manchester: 53–8.Biography, 1895, Electrician 35:632–5 (includes a list of Sturgeon's published work). P.Dunsheath, 1957, A History of Electrical Engineering, London: Faber \& Faber.GW -
16 магнит
* * *магни́т м.
magnetмагни́т обеспе́чивает необходи́мую си́лу притяже́ния — a magnet develops adequate pullмагни́т отта́лкивает … — a magnet repels …магни́т притя́гивает … — a magnet attracts …магни́т слу́жит для созда́ния магни́тного пото́ка в возду́шном зазо́ре — a magnet establishes [sets up] a magnetic flux in the air gapмагни́т сохраня́ет свои́ магни́тные сво́йства — a magnet retains its magnetismмагни́т старе́ет — a magnet agesанализи́рующий магни́т — (energy-)analysing magnet, magnetic analyserвозбужда́ющий магни́т — field [actuating] magnetмагни́т возвраще́ния стре́лки — control(ling) magnetмагни́т враще́ния ( декадно-шагового искателя) — rotary magnetмагни́т горизонта́льного перемеще́ния си́него луча́ тлв. — blue-lateral magnetдевиацио́нный магни́т навиг. — corrector magnetдемпфи́рующий магни́т — damping magnetмагни́т для нейтрализа́ции вне́шних поле́й тлв. — rim magnetесте́ственный магни́т — natural [native] magnet; lodestone, loadstoneзагражда́ющий магни́т ж.-д. — application magnetиску́сственный магни́т — artificial magnetкомпенсацио́нный магни́т — compensating magnetкорректи́рующий магни́т ( в ЭЛТ) — beam-positioning magnetмолекуля́рный магни́т — molecular magnetнаправля́ющий магни́т — control magnetмагни́т отбо́я ж.-д. — release magnetотклоня́ющий магни́т — deflecting magnetпласти́нчатый магни́т — laminated magnetподковообра́зный магни́т — C-magnet, horseshoe magnetмагни́т подъё́ма ( декадно-шагового искателя) — vertical magnetподъё́мный магни́т (для погрузки, разгрузки и т. п.) — lifting magnetподъё́мный магни́т захва́тывает груз — a lifting magnet grips the loadподъё́мный магни́т отпуска́ет груз — a lifting magnet releases the loadподъё́мный магни́т рабо́тает по разли́чным гру́зам — a lifting magnet can handle [is capable of handling] a variety of loadsпостоя́нный магни́т — permanent magnetприро́дный магни́т — natural [native] magnet; lodestone, loadstoneпутево́й магни́т ж.-д. — application magnetпутево́й, восстана́вливающий магни́т ж.-д. — reset magnetпутево́й, отторма́живающий магни́т ж.-д. — reset magnetсверхпроводя́щий магни́т — superconducting [cryogenic] magnetстержнево́й магни́т — bar magnetтормозно́й магни́т изм. — braking magnetуде́рживающий магни́т — holding magnetуспокои́тельный магни́т — drag [damping] magnet, eddy dragферри́товый магни́т — ceramic magnetфокуси́рующий магни́т — focusing magnetцентри́рующий магни́т ( в ЭЛТ) — centring magnetэлемента́рный магни́т — molecular magnetэтало́нный магни́т ( в магнитометре) — reference magnetюстиро́вочный магни́т — positioning magnet -
17 магнит
м. magnetмагнит отталкивает … — a magnet repels …
магнит притягивает … — a magnet attracts …
магнит служит для создания магнитного потока в воздушном зазоре — a magnet establishes a magnetic flux in the air gap
естественный магнит — natural magnet; lodestone
природный магнит — natural magnet; lodestone
детали, притягиваемые магнитом — parts attractable by magnet
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18 Henry, Joseph
[br]b. 17 December 1797 Albany, New York, USAd. 13 May 1878 Washington, DC, USA[br]American scientist after whom the unit of inductance is named.[br]Sent to stay with relatives at the age of 6 because of the illness of his father, when the latter died in 1811 Henry was apprenticed to a silversmith and then turned to the stage. Whilst he was ill himself, a book on science fired his interest and he began studying at Albany Academy, working as a tutor to finance his studies. Initially intending to pursue medicine, he then spent some time as a surveyor before becoming Professor of Mathematics and Natural Philosophy at Albany Academy in 1826. There he became interested in the improvement of electromagnets and discovered that the use of an increased number of turns of wire round the core greatly increased their power; by 1831 he was able to supply to Yale a magnet capable of lifting almost a ton weight. During this time he also discovered the principles of magnetic induction and self-inductance. In the same year he made, but did not patent, a cable telegraph system capable of working over a distance of 1 mile (1.6 km). It was at this time, too, that he found that adiabatic expansion of gases led to their sudden cooling, thus paving the way for the development of refrigerators. For this he was recommended for, but never received, the Copley Medal of the Royal Society. Five years later he became Professor of Natural Philosophy at New Jersey College (later Princeton University), where he deduced the laws governing the operation of transformers and observed that changes in magnetic flux induced electric currents in conductors. Later he also observed that spark discharges caused electrical effects at a distance. He therefore came close to the discovery of radio waves. In 1836 he was granted a year's leave of absence and travelled to Europe, where he was able to meet Michael Faraday. It was with his help that in 1844 Samuel Morse set up the first patented electric telegraph, but, sadly, the latter seems to have reaped all the credit and financial rewards. In 1846 he became the first secretary of the Washington Smithsonian Institute and did much to develop government support for scientific research. As a result of his efforts some 500 telegraph stations across the country were equipped with meteorological equipment to supply weather information by telegraph to a central location, a facility that eventually became the US National Weather Bureau. From 1852 he was a member of the Lighthouse Board, contributing to improvements in lighting and sound warning systems and becoming its chairman in 1871. During the Civil War he was a technical advisor to President Lincoln. He was a founder of the National Academy of Science and served as its President for eleven years.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsPresident, American Association for the Advancement of Science 1849. President, National Academy of Science 1893–1904. In 1893, to honour his work on induction, the International Congress of Electricians adopted the henry as the unit of inductance.Bibliography1824. "On the chemical and mechanical effects of steam". 1825. "The production of cold by the rarefaction of air".1832, "On the production of currents \& sparks of electricity \& magnetism", AmericanJournal of Science 22:403."Theory of the so-called imponderables", Proceedings of the American Association for the Advancement of Science 6:84.Further ReadingSmithsonian Institution, 1886, Joseph Henry, Scientific Writings, Washington DC.KF -
19 обратный естественный остаточный магнетизм
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > обратный естественный остаточный магнетизм
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20 Physik
f; -, kein Pl. physics Pl. (als Fach mit V. im Sg.)* * *die Physikphysics* * *Phy|sik [fy'ziːk]f -, no plphysics sing* * *(the study of natural phenomena such as heat, light, sound, electricity, magnetism etc but not usually chemistry or biology: Physics is his main subject at university.) physics* * *Phy·sik<->[fyˈzi:k]f kein pl physics + sing vb, no artexperimentelle/theoretische \Physik experimental/theoretical physics* * *die; Physik: physics sing., no art* * ** * *die; Physik: physics sing., no art* * *f.physics n.
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