-
1 Аборигенная американская церковь
(общенациональная межплеменная организация пейотистов; существует с 1944; церковь основана на пейотизме (Peyotism, the Peyote Church, the Peyote cult, the Peyote Religion) - культе кактуса пейоте; имеет ок. 225 тыс. последователей; вероучение - смесь религиозных культов индейцев и христ-ва; атрибуты обрядов: водяной барабан, погремушка из тыквы-горлянки, веер из перьев, типи - конический разборный шатёр из шкур на каркасе, костёр в форме прямого угла, свисток из кости орла, кедровые благовония) the Native American ChurchРусско-английский словарь религиозной лексики > Аборигенная американская церковь
-
2 Исконная американская церковь
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Исконная американская церковь
-
3 Slavery and Slave trade, Portuguese
The Portuguese role in the Atlantic slave trade (ca. 1500-1850), next to Portugal's motives for empire and the nature of her colonial rule, remains one of the most controversial historical questions. The institution of slavery was conventional in Roman and Visigothic Portugal, and the Catholic Church sanctioned it. The origins of an international traffic in enslaved African captives in the Atlantic are usually dated to after the year 1411, when the first black African slaves were brought to Portugal (Lagos) and sold, but there were activities a century earlier that indicated the beginnings. In the 1340s, under King Afonso IV, Portuguese had captured native islanders on voyages to the Canary Islands and later used them as slave labor in the sugar plantations of Madeira. After 1500, and especially after the 1550s, when African slave-worked plantations became established in Brazil and other American colonies, the Atlantic slave trade became a vast international enterprise in which Portugal played a key role. But all the European maritime powers were involved in the slave trade from 1500 to 1800, including Great Britain, France, and Holland, those countries that eventually pressured Portugal to cease the slave trade in its empire.No one knows the actual numbers of Africans enslaved in the nefarious business, but it is clear that millions of persons during more than three-and-a-half centuries were forcibly stolen from African societies and that the survivors of the terrible slave voyages helped build the economies of the Americas. Portugal's role in the trade was as controversial as its impact on Portuguese society. Comparatively large numbers of African slaves resided in Portugal, although the precise number remains a mystery; by the last quarter of the 18th century, when the prime minister of King José I, the Marquis of Pombal abolished slavery in Portugal, the African racial element had been largely absorbed in Portuguese society.Great Portuguese fortunes were built on the African slave trade in Portugal, Brazil, and Angola, and the slave trade continued in the Portuguese empire until the 1850s and 1860s. The Angolan slave trade across the Atlantic was doomed after Brazil banned the import of slaves in 1850, under great pressure from Britain. As for slavery in Portugal's African empire, various forms of this institution, including forced labor, continued in Angola and Mozambique until the early 1960s. A curious vestige of the Portuguese role in the African slave trade over the centuries is found in the family name, appearing in Lisbon telephone books, of Negreiro, which means literally, "One who trades in (African) Negro slaves."Historical dictionary of Portugal > Slavery and Slave trade, Portuguese
См. также в других словарях:
Native American Church — insignia Native American Church, a religious denomination which practices Peyotism or the Peyote religion, originated in the U.S. state of Oklahoma, and is the most widespread indigenous religion among Native Americans in the United States.… … Wikipedia
Native American Church — [ neɪtɪv ə merɪkən tʃəːtʃ], nordamerikanische indianische Religionsgemeinschaft, deren Zentrum der Peyotekult bildet. 1918 in Oklahoma gegründet und in der Folge zeitweilig aufgrund von Anfeindungen und ungerechtfertigten Vorwürfen… … Universal-Lexikon
Native American Church — Die Native American Church, (auch Peyotismus oder Peyote Religion) hat ihre Wurzeln in Oklahoma und ist in den USA unter den indigenen Völkern die am weitesten verbreitete eigenständige Religion. Zur Peyote Religion gehört der Konsum von Peyote,… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Native American Church — Symbole de la Native American Church La Native American Church (Eglise des Amérindiens) est un mouvement religieux syncrétique officiellement fondé dans l Oklahoma ( … Wikipédia en Français
Native American Church — or peyotism Religious movement among North American Indians involving the drug peyote. Peyote was first used to induce supernatural visions in Mexico in pre Columbian times; its use extended north into the Great Plains in the 19th century, and… … Universalium
Native American Church — Founded in Oklahoma in 1918 and creatively fusing elements recognizable from earlier indigenous religious traditions and movements of North America and Central America (especially those of the Huichol or Wixáritari) with elements of… … Historical dictionary of shamanism
native american church — noun Usage: usually capitalized N&A&C : an intertribal American Indian religious organization adapting Christianity to native beliefs and practices and including especially the sacramental use of peyote … Useful english dictionary
Native American civil rights — are the civil rights of Native Americans in the United States. Although indigenous to the Americas, American Indians became one of many minorities and the movement for American Indian civil rights began almost as soon as Europeans started to… … Wikipedia
Native American music — American Indian music is the music that is used, created or performed by Native North Americans, specifically traditional tribal music. In addition to the traditional music of the Native American groups, there now exist pan tribal and inter… … Wikipedia
Native American jewelry — is the personal adornment, often in the forms of necklaces, earrings, bracelets, rings, pins, brooches, labrets, and others, made by the Indigenous peoples of the United States. Native American jewelry reflects the cultural diversity and history… … Wikipedia
Native American music — Introduction music of the indigenous peoples of the Western Hemisphere. The Americas contain hundreds of native communities, each with its own distinctive history, language, and musical culture. These communities although united in placing… … Universalium
