multiple-factor

essai d'intervention multifactorielle (TT)

common ['kɒmən]

1 adjective

(a) (ordinary) courant, commun; (plant, species) commun;

∎ it's quite common c'est courant ou tout à fait banal;

∎ it's a common experience cela arrive à beaucoup de gens ou à tout le monde;

∎ he's nothing but a common criminal ce n'est qu'un vulgaire criminel;

∎ a common expression une expression courante;

∎ common name (of plant) nom m vulgaire;

∎ a common occurrence une chose fréquente ou qui arrive souvent;

∎ a common sight un spectacle familier;

∎ in common parlance dans le langage courant;

∎ British pejorative the common horde la plèbe, la populace;

∎ the common man l'homme du peuple;

∎ the common people le peuple, les gens du commun;

∎ common prostitute vulgaire prostituée f;

∎ common salt sel m (ordinaire);

∎ a common soldier un simple soldat;

∎ common thief vulgaire voleur m;

∎ it's only common courtesy to reply ce serait la moindre des politesses de répondre;

∎ British to have the common touch savoir parler aux gens simples

(b) (shared, public) commun;

∎ by common consent d'un commun accord;

∎ the common good le bien public;

∎ common land terrain m communal ou banal;

∎ common ownership copropriété f;

∎ the common parts (in building) les parties communes;

∎ common staircase escalier m commun;

∎ common wall mur m commun ou mitoyen;

∎ common ground (in interests) intérêt m commun; (for discussion) terrain m d'entente;

∎ there is no common ground between the two groups il n'y a pas de terrain d'entente entre les deux groupes;

∎ British to make common cause with sb faire cause commune avec qn;

∎ Commerce common carrier transporteur m (public);

∎ common interest group groupe m d'intérêt commun;

∎ Aviation common rated fare tarif m commun;

∎ Aviation common rated points = destinations pour lesquelles les tarifs sont identiques à partir d'un même point de départ

(c) (widespread) général, universel;

∎ the common belief la croyance universelle;

∎ in common use d'usage courant;

∎ it's common knowledge that… tout le monde sait que… + indicative, il est de notoriété publique que… + indicative;

∎ the agreement is common knowledge l'accord est connu de tous;

∎ it's common practice to thank your host il est d'usage de remercier son hôte;

∎ British it's common talk that… on entend souvent dire que… + indicative

(d) pejorative (vulgar) commun, vulgaire;

∎ a common little man un petit homme vulgaire

(e) Grammar (gender) non marqué

(f) Music

∎ common time or measure mesure f à quatre temps

2 noun

(a) (land) terrain m communal;

∎ British Law right of common (of land) communauté f de jouissance; (of pasture) droit m de (vaine) pâture; (of property) droit m de servitude

(b) British (idiom)

∎ nothing out of the common rien d'extraordinaire

3 commons plural noun

(a) archaic

∎ or literary the commons (common people) le peuple

(b) old-fashioned (food) chère f;

∎ to be on short common faire maigre chère

4 Commons plural noun

British & French Canadian Politics

∎ the Commons les Communes fpl

5 in common adverb

en commun;

∎ to have sth in common with sb avoir qch en commun avec qn;

∎ we have nothing in common nous n'avons rien en commun;

∎ they have certain ideas in common ils partagent certaines idées

►► EU Common Agricultural Policy politique f agricole commune;

common cold rhume m;

common crab crabe m vert;

common currency Finance monnaie f commune;

∎ figurative to be common currency être monnaie courante;

Mathematics & figurative common denominator dénominateur m commun;

Mathematics common divisor commun diviseur m;

British School Common Entrance = examen de fin d'études primaires permettant d'entrer dans une "public school";

American Stock Exchange common equities actions fpl ordinaires;

Religion Common Era ère f chrétienne;

EU common external tariff tarif m externe commun;

Mathematics common factor facteur m commun;

EU Common Fisheries Policy politique f commune de la pêche;

Accountancy common fixed costs coûts mpl fixes communs;

American Mathematics common fraction fraction f ordinaire;

EU Common Foreign and Security Policy politique f étrangère et de sécurité commune;

Computing common gateway interface interface f commune de passerelle;

Ornithology common gull goéland m cendré;

common law droit m coutumier, common law f;

Mathematics common logarithm logarithme m vulgaire ou décimal;

EU the Common Market le marché commun;

Mathematics common multiple commun multiple m;

Grammar common noun nom m commun;

common ownership copropriété f;

the Common Riding = festival se déroulant dans plusieurs villes des Borders, en Écosse, au cours duquel ont lieu des proclamations, des processions, des cavalcades, des manifestations sportives et des reconstitutions historiques;

British School & University common room (for students) salle f commune; (for staff) salle f des professeurs;

common sense bon sens m, sens m commun;

∎ she has a great deal of common sense elle a beaucoup de bon sens;

∎ it's only common sense ça tombe sous le sens;

Ornithology common snipe bécassine f des marais;

American Stock Exchange common stock actions fpl ordinaires;

Ornithology common tern sterne f pierregarin

ⓘ COMMON LAW On désigne ainsi l'ensemble des règles de droit qui constituent la base du système juridique des pays de langue anglaise. À l'opposé des systèmes issus du droit romain, qui s'appuie sur la loi telle qu'elle est fixée dans des Codes, ces règles, non écrites, sont établies par la jurisprudence.

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m

common

A n ( public land) terrain m communal ; Clapham Common le terrain communal de Clapham.

B commons npl

1 ( the people) the commons le peuple ;

2 Pol ( also Commons) the commons les Communes fpl ;

3 US Univ ( refectory) réfectoire m.

C adj

1 ( often encountered) [crime, illness, mistake, name, problem, reaction] courant, fréquent ; in common use d'un usage courant ; in common parlance dans le langage courant ; it is common for sb to do il est courant que qn fasse ; to be common among être répandu chez [children, mammals etc] ;

2 ( shared) [aim, approach, attributes, border, enemy, language, interest, ownership] commun (to à) ; for the common good pour le bien commun ; by common agreement d'un commun accord ; it is common property c'est la propriété de tous ; it is common knowledge c'est de notoriété publique ;

3 ( ordinary) [man, woman] du peuple (after n) ; the common people le peuple ; a common soldier un simple soldat ; the common herd péj la masse ; a common criminal péj un criminel ordinaire ;

4 péj ( low-class) commun ; it looks/sounds common ça fait commun ;

5 ( minimum expected) [courtesy, decency, humanity] le/la plus élémentaire ;

6 Zool, Bot [frog, daisy, algae] commun ; a common variety une variété commune ;

7 Math [denominator, factor, multiple] commun.

D in common adv phr en commun ; to have sth in common avoir qch en commun ; to hold sth in common Jur posséder qch en commun.

to be as common as muck ou dirt ○ ( vulgar) être d'une vulgarité crasse ○ ; they are as common as muck ○ ( widespread) on en ramasse à la pelle ; to be on short commons GB être rationné, faire maigre hum ; to have the common touch avoir de la simplicité.