mountain+desert

the name of a mountain desert taking two ‘dægr’ to cross, Ísl. ii. 345, Ann. 1242.

1 to leave (place).

María abandonó la habitación rápidamente Mary abandoned the room quickly.

2 to leave (person).

3 to give up (estudios).

abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year

4 to abandon, to desert, to forsake, to bail out on.

Pedro abandonó a su familia Peter abandoned his family.

Silvia abandonó sus sueños por Pedro Silvia abandoned her dreams for Peter.

5 to quit, to cease trying, to desist, to give up.

María abandonó Mary quit.

6 to check out on.

* * *

► verbo transitivo

1 (desamparar) to abandon, forsake

■ la suerte le ha abandonado luck has forsaken him

2 (lugar) to leave, quit

■ abandonar el barco to abandon ship

3 (actividad) to give up, withdraw from

■ abandonó los estudios en la facultad she dropped out of university

4 (traicionar) to desert

5 (renunciar) to relinquish, renounce

6 (descuidar) to neglect

7 DEPORTE (retirarse) to withdraw from

► verbo pronominal abandonarse

1 (descuidarse) to neglect oneself, let oneself go

2 (entregarse) to give oneself up (a, to)

■ se abandonó a la bebida he gave himself up to drink

3 (ceder) to give in

* * *

1) to abandon

2) desert

3) leave

4) neglect

5) give up

6) renounce

•

- abandonarse a

* * *

1. VT

1) (=dejar abandonado) [+ cónyuge, hijo] to abandon, desert; [+ animal, casa, posesiones] to abandon; [+ obligaciones] to neglect

- abandonar a algn a su suerte o a la buena de Dios

2) (=marcharse de) [+ lugar, organización] to leave

3) (=renunciar a) [+ estudios, proyecto] to give up, abandon; [+ costumbre, cargo] to give up; [+ privilegio, título] to renounce, relinquish

4) [buen humor, suerte] to desert

2. VI

1) (Atletismo) [antes de la prueba] to pull out, withdraw; [durante la prueba] to pull out, retire

2) (Boxeo) to concede defeat, throw in the towel * o (EEUU) sponge

3) (Ajedrez) to resign, concede

4) (Inform) to quit

abandonarse

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) (frml) < lugar> to leave

b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon

2) fuerzas to desert

3)

a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give up

b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out

a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out

b) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat

abandonarse v pron

1) ( entregarse)

2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go

* * *

= abandon, abort, drop, eschew, give up, quit, relinquish, stop, leave + wandering in, forsake, sweep aside, desert, opt out of, scrap, pull back, ditch, surrender, bail out, bargain away, dump, maroon, flake out, leave by + the wayside, get away, desist, go + cold turkey, walk out on, walk out, jump + ship.

Ex. The Library of Congress has now reconsidered the position, and abandoned what was known as its compatible headings policy.

Ex. It is important to know what police or fire responses are triggered by alarms and how that reaction can be aborted and the alarm silenced.

Ex. Unfruitful lines of enquiry are dropped and new and more promising search terms are introduced as the search progresses.

Ex. However, most contributors to the debate about the future of SLIS have eschewed practicalities in favour of sweeping and dramatic generalizations.

Ex. If support for quality cataloging is not going to be given, I think we should give it up entirely.

Ex. If you decide not to send or save the message, replace the question mark in front of ' Quit' with another character.

Ex. The Library will consider relinquishing them only when there is strong assurance that their transfer would not adversely affect the library community.

Ex. Program function key 1 (FP1) tells DOBIS/LIBIS to stop whatever it is doing and go back to the function selection screen.

Ex. It is our professional duty to help the reader, leading him from author to author, book to book, with enough sure-footed confidence that he is guided up the literary mountain and not left wandering in the viewless foothills because of one's own incompetence.

Ex. Indeed, she was delighted to forsake the urban reality of steel and glass, traffic and crime, aspirin and litter, for the sort of over-the-fence friendliness of the smaller city.

Ex. The development of optical fibres for information transmission has exciting potential here, but there is a very large investment in the present systems which cannot be swept aside overnight.

Ex. Recently, however, libraries have deserted the individual and have pandered too much to the needs of the general public.

Ex. The author takes a critical look at the UK government's education policy with regard to schools' ' opting out' of local government control.

Ex. There have even been rumours of plans to scrap most of the industrial side of its work and disperse key elements, such as the work on regional and industrial aid, to the provinces.

Ex. To pull back now would make both her and him look bad.

Ex. It is time that higher education institutions accepted the wisdom of collaboration and ditched, once and for all, the rhetoric of competition = Ya es hora de que las instituciones de enseñanza superior acepten la colaboración y rechacen, de una vez por todas, la competitividad.

Ex. Instead the two ecclesiastical disputes which arose from Diocletian's decree to surrender scriptures must be seen as more disastrous to Christian unity than the destruction of libraries.

Ex. In the article ' Bailing out' 9 of the 10 librarians interviewed admitted that they were trying to get out of librarianship partly due to unrealistic expectations learned in library school.

Ex. Reduced support is a fact of life, and librarians cannot bargain away their budget pressures.

Ex. The books may simply be laid before the librarian as they are found, ' dumped in his lap', as one writer puts it.

Ex. A seemingly simple tale of schoolboys marooned on an island, the novel 'Lord of the Flies' is an enigmatic and provocative piece of literature.

Ex. The actress flaked out again and the director is trying to line up a replacement.

Ex. She seeks to recontextualize those events that history has estranged, destroyed or capriciously left by the wayside.

Ex. Guards in the lead car of the convoy threw their doors open and ran for cover, screaming, 'Get away, get away'.

Ex. One of them sputtered and gesticulated with sufficient violence to induce us to desist.

Ex. Judging by the critical responses to the article so far, it looks like the world isn't quite ready to go cold turkey on its religion addiction.

Ex. There are many thankless jobs in this world, but does that mean you can just walk out on them for your own selfish reasons?.

Ex. At least five members of the audience walked out during the bishop's address.

Ex. A new study suggests that up to 40% of currently employed individuals are ready to jump ship once the economy rebounds.

----

* abandonar el barco = abandon + ship.

* abandonar las armas = put down + weapons.

* abandonar los estudios = drop out (from school), drop out of + school.

* abandonar los servicios de Alguien = drop out.

* abandonarse = go to + seed.

* abandonarse a = abandon + Reflexivo + to.

* abandonar toda esperanza = give up + hope.

* abandonar (toda/la) esperanza = abandon + (all) hope.

* abandonar un hábito = stop + habit.

* abandonar un lugar = quit + Lugar.

* estudiante de bachiller que abandona los estudios = high-school dropout.

* estudiante universitario que abandona los estudios = college dropout.

* no abandonar = stick with, stand by.

* persona que abandona Algo = quitter.

* * *

verbo transitivo

1)

a) (frml) < lugar> to leave

b) <familia/bebé> to leave, abandon; <marido/amante> to leave; <coche/barco> to abandon

2) fuerzas to desert

3)

a) <actividad/propósito/esperanza> to give up

b) (Dep) <carrera/partido> to retire, pull out

a) (antes de la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out

b) (iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; ( en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat

abandonarse v pron

1) ( entregarse)

2) ( en el aspecto personal) to let oneself go

* * *

* * *

abandonar [A1 ]

1 ( frml); ‹lugar› to leave

el público abandonó el teatro the audience left the theater

se le concedió un plazo de 48 horas para abandonar el país he was given 48 hours to leave the country

miles de personas abandonan la capital durante el verano thousands of people leave the capital in the summer

las tropas han comenzado a abandonar el área the troops have started to pull out of o leave the area

abandonó la reunión en señal de protesta he walked out of the meeting in protest

2 ‹persona›

abandonó a su familia he abandoned o deserted his family

lo abandonó por otro she left him for another man

abandonó al bebé en la puerta del hospital she abandoned o left the baby at the entrance to the hospital

abandonar a algn A algo to abandon sb TO sth

decidió volver, abandonando al grupo a su suerte he decided to turn back, abandoning the group to its fate

3 ‹coche/barco› to abandon

B «fuerzas» to desert

las fuerzas lo abandonaron y cayó al suelo his strength deserted him and he fell to the floor

la suerte me ha abandonado my luck has run out o deserted me

nunca lo abandona el buen humor he's always good-humored, his good humor never deserts him

C ‹actividad/propósito› to give up

abandonó los estudios she abandoned o gave up her studies

¿vas a abandonar el curso cuando te falta tan poco? you're not going to drop out of o give up the course at this late stage, are you?

abandonó la lucha he gave up the fight, he abandoned the struggle

ha abandonado toda pretensión de salir elegido he has given up o abandoned any hopes he had of being elected

abandonó la terapia he gave up his therapy, he stopped having therapy

( Dep)

1 (antes de iniciarse la carrera, competición) to withdraw, pull out

2 (una vez iniciada la carrera, competición) to retire, pull out; (en ajedrez) to resign; (en boxeo, lucha) to concede defeat, throw in the towel

(descuidarse): desde que tuvo hijos se ha abandonado since she had her children she's let herself go

no te abandones y ve al médico don't neglect your health, go and see the doctor

B (entregarse) abandonarse A algo ‹a vicios/placeres› to abandon oneself TO sth

se abandonó al ocio she gave herself up to o abandoned herself to a life of leisure

se abandonó al sueño he gave in to o succumbed to sleep, he let sleep overcome him, he surrendered to sleep

* * *

a) (frml) ‹ lugar› to leave

b) ‹familia/bebé› to leave, abandon;

◊ los abandonó a su suerte he abandoned them to their fate

a) ‹actividad/propósito/esperanza› to give up;

◊ abandonar los estudios to drop out of school/college

b) (Dep) ‹carrera/partido› to retire from, pull out of

a) (en carrera, competición) to pull out

b) ( en ajedrez) to resign;

* * *

♦ vt

1. [lugar] to leave;

abandonó la sala tras el discurso she left the hall after the speech;

abandonó su pueblo para trabajar en la ciudad she left her home town for a job in the city;

abandonar el barco to abandon ship;

¡abandonen el barco! abandon ship!;

abandonar algo a su suerte o [m5] destino to abandon sth to its fate;

los cascos azules abandonarán pronto la región the UN peacekeeping troops will soon be pulling out of the region

2. [persona] to leave;

abandonó a su hijo she abandoned her son;

abandonar a alguien a su suerte o [m5] destino to abandon sb to their fate;

¡nunca te abandonaré! I'll never leave you!

3. [estudios] to give up;

abandonó la carrera en el tercer año she dropped out of university in her third year, she gave up her studies in her third year;

han amenazado con abandonar las negociaciones they have threatened to walk out of the negotiations;

han amenazado con abandonar la liga they have threatened to pull out of the league;

abandonar la lucha to give up the fight

4. [sujeto: suerte, buen humor] to desert;

lo abandonaron las fuerzas y tuvo que retirarse his strength gave out and he had to drop out;

nunca la abandona su buen humor she never loses her good humour

♦ vi

1. [en carrera, competición] to pull out, to withdraw;

abandonó en el primer asalto his corner threw in the towel in the first round;

una avería lo obligó a abandonar en la segunda vuelta a mechanical fault forced him to retire on the second lap

2. [rendirse] to give up;

no abandones ahora que estás casi al final don't give up now you've almost reached the end

♦ See also the pronominal verb abandonarse

* * *

I v/t

1 lugar leave; a alguien abandon; a esposa, hijos desert; objeto abandon, dump

2 idea give up, abandon; actividad give up, drop

II v/i DEP pull out

* * *

abandonar vt

1) dejar: to abandon, to leave

2) : to give up, to quit

abandonaron la búsqueda: they gave up the search

♦ See also the reflexive verb abandonarse

* * *

abandonar vb

1. (una persona) to abandon / to leave [pt. & pp. left]

2. (un sitio) to leave

3. (una actividad) to give up [pt. gave; pp. given]

4. (una competición) to withdraw [pt. withdraw; pp. withdrawn]

मरुः [म्रियन्ते$स्मिन् भूतानीति मरुः निर्जलदेशः, मृ-उ Uṇ.1.7]

1 A desert, sandy desert, a wilderness, any region destitute of water.

-2 A mountain or rock.

-3 A kind of plant (कुरबक).

-4 Abstinence from drinking; मरुं साधयतो राजन् नाकपृष्ठमताशके Mb.13.57.14;142.44. -m. pl. N. of a country or its inhabitants.

-Comp. -उद्भवा 1 the cotton shrub.

-2 a cucumber.

-कच्छः N. of a district.

-जः a kind of perfume.

-जुष्, -भवः the inhabitant of a desert.

-देशः 1 N. of a district.

-2 any region destitute of water.

-देश्यः bdellium.

-द्विपः, -प्रियः a camel.

-धन्वः, -धन्वन् m. a wilderness, desert.

-पथः, -पृष्ठम् a sandy desert, wilderness; मरु- पृष्ठान्युदम्भांसि (चकार) R.4.31.

-प्रपतनम् the act of throwing one's self from a rock; Mark. P.4.3.

-भू (pl.) the country called Mārwār.

-भूमिः f. a desert, sandy desert.

-भूरुह, -हः a tree in the desert; सत्पुंसो मरुभूरुह इव जीवनमात्रमाशास्यम् Aryā. S.

-संभवः a kind of horse-radish.

-स्थलम्, -स्थली a wilderness, desert, waste; तत् प्राप्नोति मरुस्थले$पि नितरां मेरौ ततो नाधिकम् Bh.2. 49; मरुस्थल्यां यथा वृष्टिः क्षुधार्ते भोजनं तथा H.1.11.

ὄρος, ους, τό (Hom.+) pl. τὰ ὄρη; gen., uncontracted ὀρέων (as early as X., An. 1, 2, 21 [Kühner-Bl. I 432]; SIG 646, 18 [170 B.C.]; LXX [Thackeray 151; Helbing 41f]; EpArist 119. Joseph. prefers ὀρῶν.—Schweizer 153; B-D-F §48; Mlt-H. 139) Rv 6:15; 1 Cl; Hermas (Reinhold 52); a relatively high elevation of land that projects higher than a βοῦνος (‘a minor elevation, hill’), mountain, mount, hill (in Eng. diction what is considered a ‘mountain’ in one locality may be called a ‘hill’ by someone from an area with extremely high mountain ranges; similar flexibility prevails in the use of ὄρος, and the Eng. glosses merely suggest a comparative perspective; in comparison w. Mt. Everest [8848 meters] or Mount McKinley [6194 meters] any mountain in Palestine is a mere hill) w. βουνός Lk 3:5 (Is 40:4); 23:30 (Hos 10:8). W. πέτρα Rv 6:16; cp. vs. 15. W. πεδίον (SIG 888, 120f) Hs 8, 1, 1; 8, 3, 2. W. νῆσος Rv 6:14; 16:20. As the scene of outstanding events and as places of solitude (PTebt 383, 61 [46 A.D.] ὄρος denotes ‘desert’; Dio Chrys. 19 [36], 40 Zoroaster withdraws fr. among men and lives ἐν ὄρει; Herm. Wr. 13 ins. Hermes teaches his son Tat ἐν ὄρει) mountains play a large part in the gospels and in the apocalypses: Jesus preaches and heals on ‘the’ mountain Mt 5:1 (HCarré, JBL 42, 1923, 39–48; Appian, Mithrid. 77 §334 understands τὸ ὄρος in ref. to the Bithynian Olympus, but without naming it.—On the Sermon on the Mount s. GHeinrici, Beiträge II 1899; III 1905; JMüller, D. Bergpredigt 1906; KProost, De Bergrede 1914; HWeinel, D. Bergpr. 1920; KBornhäuser, D. Bergpr. 1923, ²1927; PFiebig, Jesu Bergpr. 1924; GKittel D. Bergpr. u. d. Ethik d. Judentums: ZST 2, 1925, 555–94; ASteinmann, D. Bergpr. 1926; AAhlberg, Bergpredikans etik 1930; MMeinertz, Z. Ethik d. Bergpr.: JMausbach Festschr. ’31, 21–32; HHuber, D. Bergpredigt ’32; RSeeberg, Z. Ethik der Bergpr. ’34; JSchneider, D. Sinn d. Bergpr. ’36; ALindsay, The Moral Teaching of Jesus ’37; MDibelius, The Sermon on the Mount ’40; TSoiron, D. Bergpr. Jesu ’41; DAndrews, The Sermon on the Mount ’42; HPreisker, D. Ethos des Urchristentums² ’49; HWindisch, The Mng. of the Sermon on the Mount [tr. Gilmour] ’51; WManson, Jesus the Messiah ’52, 77–93; TManson, The Sayings of Jesus ’54; GBornkamm, Jesus v. Naz. ’56, 92–100, 201–4 [Eng. tr. by JRobinson et al. ’60, 100–109, 221–25]; JJeremias, Die Bergpredigt ’59; JDupont, Les Béatitudes, I, rev. ed. ’58; II, ’69; W Davies, The Setting of the Sermon on the Mount, ’64; JManek, NovT 9, ’67, 124–31; HDBetz, The Sermon on the Mt [Hermeneia] ’95.—On the site of the Sermon, CKopp, The Holy Places of the Gosp., ’63, 204–13); 8:1; 15:29; calls the twelve Mk 3:13; performs oustanding miracles J 6:3; prays Mt 14:23; Mk 6:46; Lk 6:12; 9:28; ApcPt 2:4. On an ὄρος ὑψηλόν (Lucian, Charon 2) he is transfigured Mt 17:1; Mk 9:2 and tempted Mt 4:8; the risen Christ shows himself on a mountain (cp. Herm. Wr. 13, 1) Mt 28:16. Jesus is taken away by the Holy Spirit εἰς τὸ ὄρος τὸ μέγα τὸ Θαβώρ GHb 20, 61 (cp. Iren. 1, 14, 6 [Harv. I 139, 8: gnostic speculation]); likew. the author of Rv ἐπὶ ὄρος μέγα κ. ὑψηλόν Rv 21:10. From the top of one mountain the angel of repentance shows Hermas twelve other mountains Hs 9, 1, 4; 7ff. On the use of mt. in apocalyptic lang. s. also Rv 8:8; 17:9 (ἑπτὰ ὄρ. as En 24:2. Cp. JohJeremias, D. Gottesberg 1919; RFrieling, D. hl. Berg im A u. NT 1930). GJs 22:3 ὄρ. θεοῦ, where follows ἐδιχάσθη τὸ ὄρ. and ἦν τὸ ὄρ. ἐκεῖνο διαφαῖνον αὐτῇ φῶς the mt. split and that mt. was a bright light for her. On theophanies and mountain motif s. JReeves, Heralds of That Good Realm ’96, 148f.—Of the mt. to which Abraham brought his son, to sacrifice him there 1 Cl 10:7 (cp. Gen 22:2; Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 7 Jac.). Esp. of Sinai (over a dozen sites have been proposed for it) τὸ ὄρος Σινά (LXX.—τὸ Σιναῖον ὄρ. Jos., Ant. 2, 283f) Ac 7:30, 38; Gal 4:24f; 11:3 (cp. Is 16:1); 14:2 (cp. Ex 31:18); 15:1; also without mention of the name: Hb 8:5 (Ex 25:40); 12:20 (cp. Ex 19:13); 1 Cl 53:2; 4:7. Of the hill of Zion (Σιών) Hb 12:22; Rv 14:1. τὸ ὄρ. τῶν ἐλαιῶν the Hill or Mount of Olives (s. ἐλαία 1; about 17 meters higher than Jerusalem) Mt 21:1; 26:30; Mk 14:26; Lk 19:37; 22:39; J 8:1 al. τὸ ὄρ. τὸ καλούμενον Ἐλαιῶν Lk 19:29; 21:37; Ac 1:12 (s. ἐλαιών). Of Mt. Gerizim, about 868 meters in height (without mention of the name) J 4:20f (cp. Jos., Ant. 12, 10; 13, 74).—πόλις ἐπάνω ὄρους κειμένη a city located on an eminence or hill Mt 5:14 (cp. Jos., Ant. 13, 203 πόλις ἐπʼ ὄρους κειμένη). Also πόλις οἰκοδομημένη ἐπʼ ἄκρον ὄρους ὑψηλοῦ Ox 1 recto, 17 (GTh 32) (Stephan. Byz. s.v. Ἀστέριον says this city was so named ὅτι ἐφʼ ὑψηλοῦ ὄρους κειμένη τοῖς πόρρωθεν ὡς ἀστὴρ φαίνεται).—Pl. τὰ ὄρη hills, mountains, hilly or mountainous country (somet. the sing. also means hill-country [Diod S 20, 58, 2 an ὄρος ὑψηλὸν that extends for 200 stades, roughly 40 km.; Polyaenus 4, 2, 4 al. sing. = hill-country; Tob 5:6 S]) AcPl Ha 5, 18; as a place for pasture Mt 18:12.—Mk 5:11; Lk 8:32. As a remote place (s. above; also Dio Chrys. 4, 4) w. ἐρημίαι Hb 11:38. As a place for graves (cp. POxy 274, 27 [I A.D.]; PRyl 153, 5; PGrenf II, 77, 22: the grave-digger is to bring a corpse εἰς τὸ ὄρος for burial) Mk 5:5. Because of their isolation an ideal refuge for fugitives (Appian, Bell. Civ. 4, 30 §130 ἐς ὄρος ἔφυγεν=to the hill-country; 1 Macc 9:40) φεύγειν εἰς τὰ ὄρ. (Plut., Mor. 869b οἱ ἄνθρωποι καταφυγόντες εἰς τὰ ὄρη διεσώθησαν; Jos., Bell. 1, 36, Ant. 14, 418) Mt 24:16; Mk 13:14; Lk 21:21.—Proverbially ὄρη μεθιστάνειν remove mountains i.e. do something that seems impossible 1 Cor 13:2; cp. Mt 17:20; 21:21; Mk 11:23. Of God: μεθιστάνει τοὺς οὐρανοὺς καὶ τὰ ὄρη καὶ τοὺς βουνοὺς καὶ τὰς θαλάσσας (God) is moving from their places the heavens and mountains and hills and seas Hv 1, 3, 4 (cp. Is 54:10 and a similar combination PGM 13, 874 αἱ πέτραι κ. τὰ ὄρη κ. ἡ θάλασσα κτλ.).—B. 23. DELG. M-M. TW. Spicq. Sv.

इन्द्रः [इन्द्-रन्; इन्दतीति इन्द्रः; इदि ऐश्वर्ये Malli.]

1 The lord of gods.

-2 The god of rain, rain; cloud; इन्द्रो वरुणः सोमो रुद्रः । शं न इन्द्रो बृहस्पतिः Tait. Vp.1.1.1. Bṛi. Up.1.4.11.

-3 A lord or ruler (as of men &c.). इन्द्रो- मायाभिः पुरुरूप ईयते Bṛi. Up.2.5.19. first or best (of any class of objects), always as the last member of comp.; नरेन्द्रः a lord of men i. e. a king; so मृगेन्द्रः a lion; गजेन्द्रः the lord or chief of elephants; so योगीन्द्रः, कपीन्द्रः.

-4 A prince, king.

-5 The pupil of the right eye.

-6 N. of the plant कुटज.

-7 Night.

-8 One of the divisions of भारतवर्ष.

-9 N. of the 26th Yoga.

-1 The human or animal soul.

-11 A vegetable poison.

-12 The Yoga star in the 26th Nakṣatra.

-13 Greatness.

-14 The five objects of senses.

-द्रा 1 The wife of Indra, Indrāṇī.

-2 N. of a plant (मरुबक Mar. मरवा) [Indra, the god of the firmament, is the Jupiter Pluvius of the Indian Āryans. In the Vedas he is placed in the first rank among the gods; yet he is not regarded as an uncreated being, being distinctly spoken of in various passages of the Vedas as being born, and as having a father and a mother. He is sometimes represented as having been produced by the gods as a destroyer of enemies, as the son of Ekāṣṭakā, and in Rv.1.9.13 he is said to have sprung from the mouth of Puruṣa. He is of a ruddy or golden colour, and can assume any form at will. He rides in a bright golden chariot drawn by two tawny horses. His most famous weapon is the thunderbolt which he uses with deadly effect in his warfare with the demons of darkness, drought and inclement weather, variously called Ahi, Vṛitra, Śambar, Namu- chi &c. He storms and breaks through their castles, and sends down fertilizing showers of rain to the great delight of his worshippers. He is thus the lord of the atmosphere, the dispenser of rain, and governor of the weather. He is represented as being assisted by the Maruts or storm-gods in his warfare. Besides the thunderbolt he uses arrows, a large hook, and a net. The Soma juice is his most favourite food, and under its exhilarating influence he performs great achieve- ments (cf. Rv.1.119), and pleases his devout worshippers, who are said to invite the god to drink the juice. He is their friend and even their brother; a father, and the most fatherly of fathers; the helper of the poor, and the deliverer and comforter of his ser- vants. He is a wall of defence; his friend is never slain or defeated. He richly rewards his adorers, particularly those who bring him libations of Soma, and he is supplicated for all sorts of temporal blessings as cows, horses, chariots, health, intelligence, pros- perous days, long life, and victory in war. In the Vedas Indra's wife is Indrānī, who is invoked among the goddesses.

*****Such is the Vedic conception of Indra. But in later mythology he falls in the second rank. He is said to be one of the sons of Kaśyapa and Dākṣāyaṇī or Aditi. He is inferior to the triad Brahmā, Viṣṇu and Maheśa (though in some places Viṣṇu is regard- ed as his younger brother, cf. R.14.59,15.4), but he is the chief of all the other gods, and is com- monly styled Sureśa, Devendra &c. As in the Vedas so in later mythology, he is the regent of the atmosphere, and of the east quarter, and his world is called Svarga. He sends the lightning, uses the thunderbolt and sends down rain. He is frequently at war with Asuras, whom he constantly dreads, and by whom he is sometimes defeated. The Indra of mythology is famous for his incontinence and adultery, one prominent instance of which is his seduction of Ahalyā, the wife of Gautama (see Ahalyā), and for which he is often spoken of as Ahalyā-jāra. The curse of the sage im- pressed upon him a 1 marks resembling the female organ, and he was therefore called Sayoni; but these marks were afterwards changed into eyes, and he is hence called Netra-yoni and Sahasrākṣa. In the Rāmāyana Indra is represented as having been defeated and carried off to Laṅkā by Ravaṇa's son called Meghanāda, who for this exploit received the title of 'Indrajit'. It was only at the intercession of Brahmā and the gods that Indra was released, and this humiliation was regarded as a punishment for his seduction of Ahalyā. He is also represented as being in constant dread of sages practising potent penances, and as sending down nymphs to beguile their minds (see Apsaras). In the Purāṇas he is said to have destroyed the offspring of Diti in her womb, and to have cut off the wings of mountains when they grew troublesome. Other stories are also told in which Indra was once worsted by Raja, gran- dson of Purūravas, owing to the curse of Durvāsas, and other accounts show that he and Kṛiṣna were at war with each other for the Pārijāta tree which the latter wanted to remove from Svarga, and which he succeeded in doing in spite of Indra's resistance. His wife is Indrāṇī, the daughter of the demon Pulo- man, and his son is named Jayanta. He is also said to be father of Arjuna. His epithets are numerous; mostly descriptive of his achievements, e. g. वृत्रहन्, बलभिद्, पाकशासन, गोत्रभिद्, पुरंदर, शतक्रतु, जिष्णु, नमुचिसूदन &c. (see Ak.I.1.44.47). The Heaven of Indra is Svarga; its capital, Amarāvatī; his garden, Nandana; his elephant, Airāvata; his horse, Uchchaiśravas; his bow, the rain-bow, and his sword, Paranja.].

-Comp. -अग्निः the fire produced from the contact of clouds; ˚धूमः frost, snow; ˚देवता the 16th lunar mansion.

-अनुजः, -अवरजः an epithet of Viṣṇu and of Nārāyaṇa (उपेन्द्र); तस्थौ भ्रातृसमीपस्थः शक्रस्येन्द्रानुजो यथा Rām.6.91.4.

-अरिः an Asura or demon.

-अवसानः a desert.

-अशनः 1 hemp (dried and chewed).

-2 the shrub which bears the seed used in jeweller's weight, (गुंजावृक्ष).

-आयुधम् Indra's weapon, the rainbow; इन्द्रा- युधद्योतिततोरणाङ्कम् R.7.4,12.79; K.127.

(-ध) 1 N. of the horse in Kādambarī (i. e. Kapiñjala changed into a horse).

-2 a horse marked with black about the eyes.

-3 a diamond. (

-धा) a kind of leech.

-आसनम् 1 the throne of Indra.

-2 a throne in general.

-3 a foot of five short syllables.

-इज्यः N. of बृहस्पति the preceptor of gods.

-ईश्वरः one of the forms of Śiva-liṅga.

-उत्सवः a festival honouring Indra.

- ऋषभ a. having Indra as a bull, or impregnated by Indra, an epithet of the earth. इन्द्रऋषभा द्रविणे नो दधातु Av.12.1.6.

-कर्मन् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu (performing Indra's deeds).

-कान्तः A class of the four-storeyed buildings. (Mānasāra 21.6-68).

-कीलः 1 N. of the mountain मन्दर.

-2 a rock.

(-लम्) 1 the banner of Indra.

-2 A pin, nail, bolt फालका भाजनोर्ध्वे तु तदूर्ध्वे चेन्द्रकीलकम् (Mānasāra 12.126). cf. also Kau. A.2.3.

-कुञ्जरः Indra's elephant, Airāvata.

-कूटः N. of a mountain

-कृष्ट a. 'ploughed by Indra', growing exuberantly or in a wild state. (

-ष्टः) a kind of corn produced by rain-water.

-केतुः Indra's banner.

-कोशः, -षः, -षकः, -ष्ठः 1 a couch, sofa, which is generally made up of covering pieces of perforated wooden planks; cf. अट्टालक- प्रतोलीमध्ये त्रिधानुष्काधिष्ठानं-इन्द्रकोशं कारयेत् Kau. A.2.3.

-2 a platform.

-3 a projection of the roof of a house.

-4 A pin or bracket projecting from the wall (नागदन्त). A projection of the roof of a house forming a kind of balcony; Kau. A.24.

-गिरिः the महेन्द्र mountain.

-गुरुः, -आचार्यः the teacher of Indra; i. e. बृहस्पति.

-गोपः, -गोपकः [इन्द्रो गोपो रक्षको$स्य, वर्षाभवत्वात्तस्य] a kind of insect of red or white colour; Śukra.4.157; K.1.

-चन्दनम् the white sandal wood.

-चापम्, -धनुस् n.

1 a rainbow; विद्युत्वन्तं ललितवनिताः सेन्द्रचापं सचित्राः Me.64; Śi.7.4.

-2 the bow of Indra

-चिर्भटा A mild variety of Colocynth. The leaf is tripartite, rough and wrinkled. (Mar. कंवडळ, applied often as इन्द्रावण in the sense of vile, malignant, dark and hateful.)

-च्छदः A neck- lace of pearls having 18 strings.

-च्छन्दस् n. [इन्द्र इव सहस्रनेत्रेण सहस्रगुच्छेन च्छाद्यते] a necklace consisting of 1 strings.

-जः N. of Vālī.

-जतु n. Bitumen (Mar. शिलाजित).

-जननम् Indra's birth.

-जननीय a. treating of Indra's birth (as a work).

-जा a. Ved. born or arising from Indra. Av.4.3.7.

-जालम् [इन्द्रस्य परमेश्वरस्य जालं मायेव]

1 the net of Indra. तेनाह- मिन्द्रजालेनामूंस्तमसाभि दधामि सर्वान् Av.8.8.8.

-2 a weapon used by Arjuna; a stratagem or trick in war.

-3 deception, cheating.

-4 conjuring, jugglery, magical tricks; इन्द्रजालं च मायां वै कुहका वा$पि भीषणा Mb.5.16.55. स्वप्नेन्द्रजालसदृशः खलु जीवलोकः Śānti.2.2; K.15.

-जालिक a. [इन्द्रजाल-ठन्] deceptive, unreal, delusive. (

-कः) a juggler, conjurer.

-जित् m. 'conqueror of Indra', N. of a son of Rāvaṇa who was killed by Lakṣmaṇa. [Indrajit is another name of Meghanāda a son of Rāvaṇa. When Rāvaṇa warred against Indra in his own heaven, his son Meghanāda was with him, and fought most valiantly. During the combat, Meghanāda, by virtue of the magical power of becoming invisible which he had obtained from Śiva, bound Indra, and bore him off in triumph to Laṅkā. Brahmā and the other gods hurried thither to obtain his release, and gave to Meghanāda the title of Indrajit, 'conqueror of Indra'; but the victor refused to release his prisoners unless he were promised immortality. Brahmā refused to grant this extravagant demand, but he strenuously persisted, and achieved his object. In the Rāmāyaṇa he is repre- sented to have been decapitated by Lakṣmaṇa while he was engaged in a sacrifice]. ˚हन्तृ or विजयिन् m. N. of Lakṣmaṇa.

-ज्येष्ठ a. Ved. led by Indra.

-तापनः the thundering of clouds.

-तूलम्, -तूलकम् a flock of cotton.

-दमनः the son of Bāṇāsura.

-दारुः the tree Pinus Devadāru.

-द्युति Sandal

-द्रुः, -द्रुमः 1 the plant Termi- nalia Arjuna (अर्जुन).

-2 The plant कुटज.

-द्वीपः, -पम् one of the 9 Dvīpas or Divisions of the continent (of India).

-धनुः N. of Indra's bow, the rainbow; स एकव्रा- त्यो$भवत्स धनुरादत्त तदेवेन्द्रधनुः Av.15.1.6.

-ध्वजः 1 a flag raised on the 12th day of the bright half of Bhādra.

-2 Indra's weapon; विस्रस्ताकल्पकेशस्रगिन्द्रध्वज इवापतत् Bhāg.1.44.22.

-नक्षत्रम् Indra's lunar mansion फल्गुनी.

-नेत्रम् 1 the eye of Indra.

-2 the number one thousand.

-नीलः [इन्द्र इव नीलः श्यामः] a sapphire; परीक्षाप्रत्ययैर्यैश्च पद्मरागः परीक्ष्यते । त एव प्रत्यया दृष्टा इन्द्रनीलमणेरपि ॥ Garuḍa. P.; R.13.54;16.69; Me.48,79.

-नीलकः an emerald.

-पत्नी 1 Indra's wife, शची.

-पर्णी, -पुष्पा N. of a medicinal plant (Mar. कळलावी).

-पर्वतः 1 the महेन्द्र mountain.

-2 a blue mountain.

-पुत्रा N. of अदिति.

-पुरोगम, -पुरःसर, -श्रेष्ठ a. led or preceded by Indra, having Indra at the head.

-पुरोहितः N. of बृहस्पति. (

-ता) the asterism Puṣya.

-प्रमतिः N. of the pupil of Paila and the author of some ṛiks of the Rv.

-प्रस्थम् N. of a city on the Yamunā, the residence of the Paṇḍavas (identified with the modern Delhi); इन्द्रप्रस्थगमस्तावत्कारि मा सन्तु चेदयः Śi.2.63.

-प्रहरणम् Indra's weapon, the thunderbolt.

-भगिनी N. of Pārvatī.

-भेषजम् dried ginger.

-मखः a sacrifice in honour of Indra.

-महः 1 a festival in honour of Indra.

-2 the rainy season; ˚कामुकः a dog.

-मादन a. animating or delighting Indra; ये वायव इन्द्रमादनासः Rv.7.92.4.

-मेदिन् a. Ved. whose friend or ally is Indra; इन्द्रमेदी सत्वनो नि ह्वयस्व Av.5.2-.8.

-यज्ञः (See इन्द्रमह and इन्द्रमख) श्वो$स्माकं घोषस्योचित इन्द्रयज्ञो नामोत्सवः भविष्यति Bālacharita I.

-यवः, -वम् seed of the Kutaja tree.

-लुप्तः, -प्तम्, -लुप्तकम् 1 excessive bald- ness of the head.

-2 loss of beard.

-लोकः Indra's world, Svarga or Paradise.

-लोकेशः 1 lord of Indra's world, i. e. Indra.

-2 a guest (who, if hospitably received, confers paradise on his host).

-वंशा, -वज्रा N. of two metres, see Appendix.

-वल्लरी, -वल्ली N. of a plant (पारिजात) or of इन्द्रवारुणी.

-वस्तिः [इन्द्रस्य आत्मनः वस्तिरिव] the calf (of the leg).

-वाततम a. Ved. desired by Indra. अस्मे ऊतीरिन्द्रवाततमाः Rv.1.6.6.

-वानकम् A variety of diamonds. Kau. A.2.11.

-वायू (du.) Indra and Vāyu. इन्द्रवायू उभाविह सुहवेह हवामहे Av.3.2.6.

-वारुणी, -वारुणिका Colocynth, a wild bitter gourd cucumis colocynthis. (Mar. मोठी कंवडळ) किमिन्द्रवारुणी राम सितया कटुकीयते Laghu Yoga- vāsiṣṭha-sāra X. सौवर्चलं हरिद्रा च पिप्पली चेन्द्रवारुणिः । मूत्र- कृच्छ्रे प्रशंसन्ति पिण्डो$यं वाजिनां हितः ॥ शालिहोत्र of भोज 33.

-वाह् a. carrying Indra.

-वृक्षः the Devadāru tree.

-वृद्धा a kind of abscess.

-वैडूर्यम् a kind of precious stone.

-व्रतम् Indra's rule of conduct; one of the duties of a king (who is said to follow इन्द्रव्रत when he distri- butes benefits as Indra pours down rain); वार्षिकांश्चतुरो मासान् यथेन्द्रो$प्यभिवर्षति । तथाभिवर्षेत्स्वं राष्ट्रं कामैरिन्द्रव्रतं चरन् ॥ Ms.9.34.

-शक्तिः f. Indrāṇī, the wife of Indra, or his energy personified.

-शत्रुः 1 an enemy or destroyer of Indra (when the accent is on the last syllable), an epithet of प्रह्लाद; इन्द्रशत्रो विवर्धस्व मा चिरं जहि विद्विषम् Bhāg.6.9.12. बलिप्रदिष्टां श्रियमाददानं त्रैविक्रमं पादमिवेन्द्रशत्रुः R.7.35.

-2 [इन्द्रः शत्रुः यस्य] one whose enemy is Indra, an epithet of वृत्र (when the accent is on the first syllable). (This refers to a legend in the Śat. Br., where it is said that Vṛitra's father intended his son to become the destroyer of Indra, and asked him to say इन्द्रशत्रुर्वधस्व &c. but who, through mistake, accented the word on the first syllable, and was killed by Indra; cf. Śik.52; मन्त्रो हीनः स्वरतो वर्णतो वा मिथ्याप्रयुक्तो न तमर्थमाह । स वाग्वज्रो यजमानं हिनस्ति यथेन्द्रशत्रुः स्वरतो$पराधात् ॥

-शलभः a kind of insect (इन्द्रगोप).

-संजयम् N. of a sāman. Arṣeya Br.

-संधा connection or alliance with Indra. तयाहमिन्द्रसंधया सर्वान् देवानिह हुव Av.11.1.9.

-सारथिः 1 N. of Mātali.

-2 an epi- thet of Vāyu, driving in the same carriage with Indra; Rv.4.46.2.

-सावर्णिः N. of the fourteenth Manu.

-सुतः, -सूनुः 1 N. of (a) Jayanta; (b) Arjuna; (c) Vāli, the king of monkeys.

-2 N. of the अर्जुन tree.

-सुरसः, -सुरा a shrub the leaves of which are used in discutient applications (निर्गुंडी).

-सेनः N. of several men; of Bali; of a mountain; Bhāg.8.2.23.

-सेना 1 Indra's missile or host.

-2 Indra's army; Rv.1.12.2.

-सेनानीः the leader of Indra's armies, epithet of Kārtikeya.

-स्तुत् m.

-स्तोमः 1 praise of Indra; N. of a particular hymn addressed to Indra in certain ceremonies.

-2 a sacrifice in honour of Indra.

-हवः invocation of Indra; भद्रान् कृण्वन्निन्द्रहवान्त्सखिभ्य Rv.9.96.1.

-हस्तः a kind of medicament.

-ους ⁺ τό N 3 160-177-181-87-75=680 Gn 7,19.20; 8,4.5; 10,30

mountain, hill Gn 7,19; mountainous region Am 3,9; (mountainous) desert Jos 8,24

φάραγξ ὀρέων a deep ravine or glen surrounded by mountains Zech 14,5; τὸ ὄρος τοῦ οἴκου the temple mount Jer 33(26),18

*Gn 49,26 ὀρέων of the mountains-הררי for MT הורי of my progenitors?; *Lv 19,26 ἐπὶ τῶν ὀρέων on the mountains-על־הרים for MT דם/על־ה with (its) blood; *Nm 33,32 τὸ ὄρος the mountain-ַהר for MT חֹר Hor (toponym), see also 33,33; *1 Kgs 16,24 τοῦ ὄρους the mountain-ההר for MT העיר the city; *Is 31,4 τὰ ὄρη the mountains-ההרים for MT רעים shepherds; *Is 45,2 καὶ ὄρη and mountains-והררים (1QIs^a) for MT והדורים and swellings?; *Ez 48,10 τὸ ὄρος the mountain-ההר for MT היה was; *Am 4,3 τὸ ὄρος τὸ Ρεμμαν the mountain Remman-רמן ההר for MT ההרמונה into Harmon; *Ob 19 τὸ ὄρος the mountain-ההר for דהשׂ the field; *Mi 2,9 ὄρεσιν mountains-הררי for MT הדרי my glory; *Zech 1,8 τῶν ὀρέων the hills-ההרים? or-

ההררים? for MT ההדסים the myrtle trees, see also 1,10.11; *Ps 74(75),7 ἀπὸ ὀρέων from the mountains-

הר for MT רום lifting up?, see also Dn^LXX 8,11

Cf. CADELL 1967, 343-349; DORIVAL 1994 143.435.550; SHIPP 1979 167.228-231.424; SPICQ 1978a, 632-634; →MM; NIDNTT; PREISIGKE; TWNT

1 climate.

clima continental continental climate

clima mediterráneo mediterranean climate

clima tropical tropical climate

2 atmosphere (ambiente).

las negociaciones se desarrollaron en un clima de distensión the talks took place in a relaxed atmosphere

3 weather, climate, clime.

* * *

► nombre masculino

1 climate

2 figurado atmosphere, climate

* * *

* * *

SM (Meteo) climate; [de reunión] atmosphere; [de situación] climate

* * *

1) (Meteo) climate

- clima polar/tropical

2) ( ambiente) atmosphere

* * *

1) (Meteo) climate

- clima polar/tropical

2) ( ambiente) atmosphere

* * *

clima¹

¹ = climate, weather.

clima²

² = climate.

* * *

A ( Meteo) climate

un clima malsano an unhealthy climate

continental climate

maritime climate

Mediterranean climate

polar climate

temperate climate

tropical climate

B (ambiente) atmosphere

en un clima festivo in a festive atmosphere

el clima económico the economic climate

al clima ( Col); at room temperature

una cerveza al clima a beer served at room temperature, a beer that isn't chilled

investment climate

climate of public opinion

* * *

a) (Meteo) climate

b) ( ambiente) atmosphere;

◊ un clima festivo a festive atmosphere;

* * *

clima nm

1. [atmosférico] climate

clima árido arid climate;

clima continental continental climate;

clima desértico desert climate;

clima ecuatorial equatorial climate;

clima marítimo maritime climate;

clima mediterráneo Mediterranean climate;

clima de montaña mountain climate;

clima polar polar climate;

clima subtropical subtropical climate;

clima tropical tropical climate

2. [ambiente] atmosphere;

las negociaciones se desarrollaron en un clima de distensión the talks took place in a relaxed atmosphere;

un clima de nerviosismo dominó la reunión there was a tense atmosphere throughout the meeting;

se detecta un clima de euforia there is a palpable mood of euphoria

* * *

m climate

* * *

clima nm

1) : climate

2) ambiente: atmosphere, ambience

* * *

clima n climate

Grammatical information: n.

Meaning: `mountain, height'; also (in Egypt) `desert' in contrast to cultivated plain (Il.).

Other forms: w. metr. length. οὔρ-εος, - εα etc. (ep.), also ὤρ-εος, - εα (Theoc.); Megar. ὄρρος and Chalcid. (RPh. 71, 1997, 170)

Compounds: As 1. member 1. w. unenlarged stem a.o. in ὀρεσκῳ̃ος (s. v.); 2. themat. enlarged e.g. in ὀρεο-σέλινον n. `mountain-parsley' (Thphr.; Risch IF 59, 257, Strömberg Pflanzn. 33 a. 116); 3. often in dat. sg. (= loc.), e.g. ὀρει-δρόμος `roming in the mountains' (Pi., E., Nonn.), after thir a.o. ὀρεί-χαλκος m. `mountain ore, brass (h. Hom. 6, 9, Hes. Sc. 122; Risch 59, 27; on the meaning Michell ClassRev. 69, 21 f.), Lat. LW [loanword] orichalcum, folketym. auri-; also ὠρό-χαλκος (Peripl. M. Rubr., PGiss. 47, 6; - ο- in comp.boundary, ὠ- = Lat. au-?); 4. in dat. pl., e.g. ὀρεσί-τροφος `grown up in the mountains' (Hom.).

Derivatives: 1. ὀρέσ-τερος `living in the mountains, to consist of mountains' (Χ 93; Chantraine Études 36 w. n.3 a. lit.); 2. ὄρειος (= *ὄρεσ-ιος), ep. lyr. οὔρ-, `mountainous' (h. Merc. 244), f. - ειάς (AP), as subst. `mountain-nymph' (Bion, Nonn.); 3. ὀρεινός (\< *ὀρεσ-νός) `id.' (IA.); 4. Όρέσ-της m. PN (Il.) with Όρεστ-άδης (Fraenkel Nom. ag. 2, 184), ὀρέστ(ε)ιον n. = ἑλένιον (Dsc., Plin.; Strömberg Pflanzenn. 102); Όρέσ-ται m. pl. "highlander", name of an Epeirotic people (Th.); ὀρεστ-ιάδες νύμφαι (Ζ 420, h. Hom. 19, 19); metr. for *ὀρεστ-άδ- (Schwyzer 508); ὀρεστ-ίας m. `mountain wind' (Call.; like Όλυμπίας a.o., Chantraine Form. 95); 5. ὀρώδης `mountainous' (EM).

Origin: IE [Indo-European] [326] * h₃er- `rise'

Etymology: Prop. prob. *"elevation" as verbal noun of ὄρνυμαι, ὀρέσθαι `rise etc.' (s.v. w. lit.); cf. Chantraine Form. 417, Schwyzer 512 and Porzig Satzinhalte 300 (so * h₃er-os). A further deriv. of this s-stems may be found in Skt. r̥ṣ-vá- `ricing up, high'; vgl. auch ὄρρος und ὀρσοθύρη.

Page in Frisk: 2,426

(Sp. model spelled same [búro] < borrico < Late Latin burrlcum 'little horse')

   1) New Mexico: 1844. A donkey. Sometimes referred to a mule. According to Blevins, "also known as 'Arizona nightingale,' Colorado mockingbird,' 'desert canary,' 'mountain canary,' 'Rocky Mountain canary,' 'Washoe canary,' 'western nightingale'." The DRAE references burro as an ass or solipede animal.

   2) Among cattlemen, the word also refers to a stand made for storing a saddle when it is not in use. The VCN concurs. The stand has the appearance of a pitched roof of a house, and Adams says that it is much better to rest a saddle on a burro than to hang it or lay it on the ground. The DRAE indicates that a burro is a type of adjustable sawhorse.