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61 ascendo
a-scendo ( ads-, Jan; ads- and as-, Müller; as-, other editors), scendi, scensum, 3, v. n. [scando], to ascend, mount up, climb; and in eccl. Lat. simply to go up, to rise, to spring up, grow up (syn.: scando, conscendo, orior, surgo, prodeo).I.Lit. (opp. descendo; and diff. from escendo, which designates a climbing, mounting upon some high object, and involves the idea of exertion; cf. Oud. ad Caes. B. G. 7, 27; Suet. Caes. 61; Ochsn. Ecl. pp. 287 and 288; Doed. Syn. IV. pp. 60 and 61; it often interchanges with escendere in MSS.; cf. e. g. Halm ad Nep. Epam. 4, 5; id. Them. 8, 6, and v. examples below; class.; in Cic. and in Vulg. very freq.), constr. most freq. with in, but also with ad with super, supra, contra, adversus, with acc., and absol. (in Cic. in the lit. signif., except once with the acc., always with in with acc.; but in the trop. signif. in all constrr.).(α).With in with acc.:(β).in navem ascendere,
Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 20; 2, 6, 54 Fleck.:ascendere in naviculam,
Vulg. Matt. 8, 23:in triremem ascendit,
Nep. Alcib. 4, 3 (in id. Epam. 4, 5, and Them. 8, 6 Halm now reads escendere):in arborem ascendere,
Vulg. Luc. 19, 4:ut in Amanum (urbem) ascenderem,
Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 8:ascende in oppidum,
Vulg. Jos. 8, 1:lex peregrinum vetat in murum ascendere,
Cic. de Or. 2, 24, 100:in equum,
id. Sen. 10, 34:in caelum,
id. Am. 23, 88; so id. Tusc. 1, 29, 71 (B. and K., escendere); id. Dom. 28, 75; id. Mil. 35, 97 (cf. id. Leg. 2, 8:ascensus in caelum): inque plagas caeli,
Ov. M. 11, 518:cavete, ne ascendatis in montem,
Vulg. Exod. 19, 12; 24, 13; ib. Matt. 5, 1; ib. Marc. 3, 13:in tribunal ascendere,
Cic. Vatin. 14, 34 (B. and K., escendere); so Liv. 2, 28 Drak. (Weissenb., escendere):in contionem,
Cic. Att. 4, 2, 3 (B. and K., escendit); so Liv. 3, 49; 5, 50 (Weissenb., escendere, in both these pass.):in Capitolium ascendere,
id. 10, 7:sin vestram ascendisset in urbem,
Verg. A. 2, 192.—With ad. ad Gitanas Epiri oppidum, Liv. 42, 38:(γ).ad laevam paulatim,
Sall. C. 55, 3.—With acc. or loc. adv.:(δ).navem ascendit,
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 69; Phaedr. 4, 22, 9; Vulg. Marc. 4, 1; ib. Luc. [p. 171] 8, 37:ascendit classem,
Tac. A. 2, 75:montīs cum ascendimus altos,
Lucr. 6, 469:montem,
Juv. 1, 82, and Vulg. Psa. 103, 8; cf.:summum jugum montis ascendere,
Caes. B. G. 1, 21:fastigia montis anheli,
Claud. Rapt. Pros. 3, 383:altitudinem montium,
Vulg. Isa. 37, 24:currus,
Lucr. 5, 1301 (Lachm., escendere); so Vulg. 3 Reg. 12, 13:adversam ripam,
Cic. Div. 1, 28, 58:murum,
Caes. B. G. 7, 27; so Verg. A. 9, 507, and Vulg. Jer. 5, 10:equum,
Liv. 23, 14; so Suet. Caes. 61, and Vulg. Psa. 75, 7:ascendit Capitolium ad lumina,
Suet. Caes. 37:deus adscensurus, Olympum,
Tib. 4, 1, 12:magnum iter ascendo,
Prop. 4, 10, 3:illuc solita est ascendere filia Nisi,
Ov. M. 8, 17; 11, 394:quo simul ascendit,
id. ib. 7, 220.—Also pass.:si mons erat ascendendus,
Caes. B. C. 1, 79:primus gradus ascendatur,
Vitr. 3, 3:porticus adscenduntur nonagenis gradibus,
Plin. 36, 13, 19, § 88 (Jan, descenduntur):ascenso simul curru,
Suet. Tib. 2 fin.: ne ascensis tanti sit gloria Bactris, Prop 4, 3, 63.—Absol., of persons ex locis superioribus desuper suos ascendentes protegebant, Caes. B. C. 1, 79:II.quā fefellerat ascendens hostis,
Liv. 5, 47:Ascendit ergo Abram de Aegypto,
Vulg. Gen. 13, 1; 19, 30:Ascende huc,
ib. Apoc. 4, 1; 12, 12.—Of things:fons ascendebat de terrā,
Vulg. Gen. 2, 6:sicut ascendit mare fluctu,
ib. Ezech. 26, 3:jam ascendit aurora,
ib. Gen. 32, 26 ' ascendit ignis de petrā, ib. Jud. 6, 21:ascendet fumus ejus,
ib. Isa. 34, 10; ib. Apoc. 8, 4:vidit ascendentem favillam de terrā,
ib. Gen. 19, 28:ascendet sicut virgultum,
ib. Isa. 53, 2; 5, 6:germen eorum, ut pulvis, ascendet,
ib. ib. 5, 24.—Also, after the Greek, to go aboard ship, to go out to sea (eccl. Lat.): ascendentes navigavimus, epibantes, Vulg. Act. 21, 2: Et ascenderunt, anêchthêsan, ib. Luc. 8, 22.—Trop.A.Constr in like manner,(α).With in with acc.:(β).in summum locum civitatis ascendere,
Cic. Clu. 55:propter quem (ornatum) ascendit in tantum honorem eloquentia,
has grown into such reputation, id. Or. 36, 125:ira ascendit in Israel,
Vulg. Psa. 77, 21:Quid cogitationes ascendunt in corda vestra?
ib. Luc. 24, 38; ib. Act. 7, 23.—With ad:(γ).sic a principiis ascendit motus et exit paulatim nostros ad sensus,
Lucr. 2, 137:aut a minoribus ad majora ascendimus aut a majoribus ad minora delabimur,
Cic. Part. Or. 4, 12:propius ad magnitudinem alicujus,
Plin. Pan. 61, 2:ad honores,
Cic. Brut. 68, 241:ad hunc gradum amicitiae,
Curt. 7, 1, 14.—With super with acc.:(δ).ira Dei ascendit super eos,
Vulg. Psa. 77, 31:ascendent sermones super cor tuum,
ib. Ezech. 38, 10.—With acc.:(ε).ex honoribus continuis familiae unum gradum dignitatis ascendere,
Cic. Mur. 27:altiorem gradum,
id. Off. 2, 18, 62:cum, quem tenebat, ascenderat gradum,
Nep. Phoc. 2, 3:altissimum (gradum),
Plin. Ep. 3, 2, 4.— Poet.:ascendere thalamum, i. e. matrimonium contrahere,
Val. Fl. 6, 45.—Absol.:B.ad summam amplitudinem pervenisset, ascendens gradibus magistratuum,
Cic. Brut. 81, 281; Plin. Pan. 58, 3: altius ascendere, Brut. ap. Cic. Ep. ad Brut. 1, 4:gradatim ascendit vox,
rises, Cic. de Or. 3, 61, 227:usque ad nos contemptus Samnitium pervenit, supra non ascendit, i. e. alios non tetigit,
Liv. 7, 30:donec ascenderit furor Domini,
Vulg. 2 Par. 36, 16:ascendet indignatio mea,
ib. Ezech. 38, 18.—Esp., super, supra aliquem or aliquid ascendere, to rise above any person or thing, to surpass, to stand higher (twice in Tacitus):* A.(liberti) super ingenuos et super nobiles ascendunt,
Tac. G. 25:mihi supra tribunatus et praeturas et consulatus ascendere videor,
id. Or. 7.—Hence, ascen-dens ( ads-), entis, P. a.Machina, a machine for ascending, a scaling-ladder, Vitr. 10, 19.—B.In the jurists, ascendentes are the kindred in an ascending line, ancestors ( parents, grandparents, etc.; opp. descendentes, descendants, children, grandchildren, etc.), Dig. 23, 2, 68. -
62 scaffold
1. n леса, подмости2. n эшафот; плаха; виселицаto die on the scaffold — окончить жизнь на виселице; сложить голову на эшафоте
3. n казнь, смерть от руки палача4. n редк. подмостки, трибуна5. n редк. трибуны6. n ист. арена, открытая сцена7. n метал. настыль8. n анат. скелет, костяк9. v застраивать лесами10. v редк. помещать на высокие подмосткиСинонимический ряд:framework (noun) cadre; chassis; erector set; fabric; frame; framework; gantry; platform; scaffolding; skeleton; stage; structure; support; temporary structure -
63 рама
ж. frame -
64 шасси
1. с. авто chassis2. с. ав. брит. амер. undercarriage; landing gear; alighting gearтройная связка, тройное шасси — three-wheeled undercarriage
3. с. радио chassis4. с. mount, rack -
65 Step
subs.Of a ladder, etc.: P. and V. βάθρον, τό (Lys.).Steps of ladders: V. κλιμάκων προσαμβάσεις, αἱ.Shall we mount the steps of the house: V. πότερα δωμάτων προσαμβάσεις ἐκβησόμεσθα (Eur., I. T. 97).Flight of steps: P. ἀναβαθμός, ὁ (Hdt.).Step in the dance: Ar. χορείας βάσις.Steps in dancing: P. and V. σχήματα, τά (Eur., Cycl. 221).Footstep: P. and V. ἴχνος, τό, V. στίβος, ὁ (also Xen.).Let us turn our steps from this path: V. ἔξω τρίβου τοῦδʼ ἴχνος ἀλλαξώμεθα (Eur., El. 103).Proceeding, measure: P. and V. πρᾶγμα, τό, P. προαίρεσις, ἡ.Take steps, v.: P. and V. βουλεύεσθαι.Step by step: Ar. and P. βάδην (Xen.).Follow in one's steps: use imitate.——————v. intrans.Step in the dance: P. βαίνειν, ἐμβαίνειν (Plat., Alci I. 108A and C); see Dance.Step forward: see Advance.Step forth from: P. and V. ἐκβαίνειν (ἐκ, gen. or gen. alone).Step upon, set foot on: P. and V. ἐπιβαίνειν (gen.), ἐμβαίνειν (P. εἰς, acc. V. acc. gen. or dat.), V. ἐπεμβαίνειν (acc. gen. or dat.), ἐμβατεύειν (acc. or gen.).Woodhouse English-Greek dictionary. A vocabulary of the Attic language > Step
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66 Riggenbach, Niklaus
[br]b. 21 May 1817 Gebweiler, Alsaced. 25 July 1899 Olten, Switzerland[br]Swiss locomotive engineer and pioneer of mountain rack railways.[br]Riggenbach came from a Basle family and was educated in Basle, Lyons and Paris, where he was so impressed by the new railway to Saint-Germain that he decided to devote himself to work in that field. He worked for Kessler's locomotive works in Karlsruhe, which built the first locomotives for the Zurich-Baden Railway. This was the first railway in Switzerland and when it was opened in 1847 Riggenbach drove the first train. He subsequently became Locomotive Superintendent of the Swiss Central Railway, and the problems of operating a steeply graded line solely by adhesion led him to develop a rack railway which incorporated a ladder rack similar to that of Sylvester Marsh. However, it was only after the Swiss Consul in Washington had reported enthusiastically on the Mount Washington Cog Railway that Riggenbach and associates were able to get a concession for their first line, which was laid up the Rigi mountain and was opened in 1871. That same year Riggenbach opened a quarry railway operated for the first time by a mixture of rack and adhesion. From this start, rack railways were built widely in Switzerland and to a lesser extent in many other parts of the world. His Rigi railway continues to operate.[br]BibliographyRiggenbach patented his rack railway in 1863.Further ReadingRiggenbach's type of counter-pressure brakes is described in Transactions of the Newcomen Society 55:13.M.Dietschy, 1971, "Le Chemin de fer du Rigi à 100 ans", Chemins defer régionaux eturbains 106.O.J.Morris, 1951, The Snow don Mountain Railway, Ian Allan.See also: Abt, RomanPJGR
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