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81 हरिश्चन्द्रः _hariścandrḥ

हरिश्चन्द्रः N. of a king of the solar dynasty. [He was the son of Triśaṅku and was famous for his libe- rality, probity, and unflinching adherence to truth. On one occasion his family-priest Vasiṣṭha commend- ed his qualities in the presence of Viśvāmitra, who refused to believe them. A quarrel thereupon ensued, and it was at last decided that Viśvāmitra should himself test the king. The sage accordingly subjected him to the most crucial test with a view to see if he could not be but once made to swerve from his plighted word. The king, however, stood the test with exem- plary courage, adhering to his word though he had to forego the kingdom, to sell off his wife and son, and at last, even his own self to a low-caste man, and-as the last test, as it were, of his truthfulness and courage--to be even ready to put his own wife to death as a witch! Viśāmitra thereupon acknowled- ged himself vanquished, and the worthy king was elevated along with his subjects to heaven.]

Sanskrit-English dictionary > हरिश्चन्द्रः _hariścandrḥ
82 honorable

honorable [ɔnɔʀabl]

adjective

a. ( = respectable) honourable (Brit), honorable (US)

• à cet âge honorable at this grand old age

b. ( = suffisant) [notes, résultats] respectable

* * *
ɔnɔʀabl
adjectif

1) ( respectable) [personne, métier, reddition] honourable [BrE]; [compagnie, marque] venerable

2) ( suffisant) [classement, score] creditable; [moyens financiers, nombre, proportion] sizable; [salaire] decent

* * *
ɔnɔʀabl adj
1) (personne) worthy, honourable Grande-Bretagne honorable USA

2) (résultat) commendable

* * *

honorable adj

1 ( respectable) [personne, métier, reddition] honourable^GB; [compagnie, marque] venerable; notre très honorable président our most honourable^GB president; sortie honorable honourable^GB way out;

2 ( suffisant) [classement, score] creditable; [moyens financiers, nombre, proportion] sizable; [salaire] decent; une très honorable douzième place a very creditable twelfth place; une contribution très honorable a very sizable contribution.

Composé

honorable correspondant ( agent secret) man; notre honorable correspondant à la Havane our man in Havana.

[ɔnɔrabl] adjectif

1. [digne de respect] respectable, honourable

2. (humoristique) [avant le nom]

mon honorable collègue my esteemed colleague

3. [satisfaisant] fair, decent

son bulletin scolaire est tout à fait honorable/est honorable sans plus her school report is quite satisfactory/is just satisfactory

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > honorable
83 méritant

méritant, e [meʀitɑ̃, ɑ̃t]

adjective

deserving

* * *

méritante meʀitɑ̃, ɑ̃t adjectif deserving

* * *
meʀitɑ̃, ɑ̃t adj méritant, -e
deserving

* * *

méritant, méritante adj deserving.

( féminin méritante) [meritɑ̃, ɑ̃t] adjectif

worthy, deserving

les élèves les plus méritants ont été récompensés the most deserving pupils were given a reward

Dictionnaire Français-Anglais > méritant
84 དམ་པ་

[dam pa]

true, pure, just right, together (bodily tactile), reliable, solid, decent, real, ultimately real, sublime, most excellent, worthy person, worthwhile, holy persons, learned, best, sacred, sanctity, excellent, superior, best, steady, firm, tight, holy, deceased, the late, holiness, the good

Tibetan-English dictionary > དམ་པ་
85 AT

I) prep.

A. with dative.

I. Of motion;

1) towards, against;

Otkell laut at Skamkatli, bowed down to S.;

hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge against A.;

2) close atup to;

Brynjólfr gengr alit at honum, quite up to him;

þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters with him;

3) to, at;

koma at landi, to come to land;

ganga at dómi, to go into court;

4) along (= eptir);

ganga at stræti, to walk along the street;

dreki er niðr fór at ánni (went down the river) fyrir strauminum;

refr dró hörpu at ísi, on the ice;

5) denoting hostility;

renna (sœkja) at e-m, to rush at, assault;

gerði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog;

6) around;

vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a veil round one’s head;

bera grjót at e-m, to heap stones upon the body;

7) denoting business, engagement;

ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after horses, watching sheep;

fara at landskuldum, to go collecting rents.

II. Of position, &c.;

1) denoting presence at, near, by, upon;

at kirkju, at church;

at dómi, in court;

at lögbergi, at the hill of laws;

2) denoting participation in;

vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, wedding;

vera at vígi, to be an accessory in man-slaying;

3) ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at;

kvalararnir, er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him;

var þar at kona nökkur at binda (was there busy dressing) sár manna;

4) with proper names of places (farms);

konungr at Danmörku ok Noregi, king of;

biskup at Hólum, bishop of Holar;

at Helgafelli, at Bergþórshváli;

5) used ellipt. with a genitive, at (a person’s) house;

at hans (at his house) gisti fjölmenni mikit;

at Marðar, at Mara’s home;

at hins beilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church;

at Ránar, at Ran’s (abode).

III. Of time;

1) at, in;

at upphafi, at first, in the beginning;

at skilnaði, at parting, when they parted;

at páskum, at Easter;

at kveldi, at eventide;

at þinglausnum, at the close of the Assembly;

at fjöru, at the ebb;

at flœðum, at the floodtide;

2) adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr’;

at ári komanda, next year;

at vári, er kemr, next spring;

generally with ‘komanda’ understood;

at sumri, hausti, vetri, vári, next summer, &c.;

3) used with an absolute dative and present or past part.;

at sér lifanda, duing his lifetime;

at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all;

at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the hearing of the chief;

at upprennandi sólu, at sunrise;

at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks are past;

at honum önduðum, after his death;

4) denoting uninterrupted succession, after;

hverr at öðrum, annarr at öðrum, one after another;

skildu menn at þessu, thereupon, after this;

at því (thereafter) kómu aðrar meyjar.

IV. fig. and in various uses;

1) to, into, with the notion of destruction or change;

brenna (borgina) at ösku, to burn to ashes;

verða at ormi, to become a snake;

2) for, as;

gefa e-t at gjöf, as a present;

eiga e-n at vin, to have one as friend;

3) by;

taka sverð at hjöltum, by the hilt;

draga út björninn at hlustunum, by the ears;

kjósa at afli, álitum, by strength, appearrance;

4) as regards as to;

auðigr at fé, wealthy in goods;

vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face;

5) as a law term, on the grounds of, by reason of;

ryðja ( to challenge) dóm at mægðum, kvið at frændsemi;

6) as a paraphrase of a genitive;

faðir, móðir at barni (= barns, of a child);

aðili at sök = aðili sakar;

7) with adjectives denoting colour, size, age, of;

hvítr, svartr, rauðr at lit, while, black, red of colour;

mikill, lítill at stœrð, vexti, tall, small of stature;

tvítugr at aldri, twenty years of age;

kýr at fyrsta, öðrum kálfi, a cow that has calved once, twice;

8) determining the source from which anything comes, of, from;

Ari nam ok marga frœði at Þuríði (from her);

þiggja, kaupa, geta, leigja e-t at e-m, to receive, buy, obtain, borrow a thing from one;

hafa veg (virðing) styrk at e-m, to derive honour, power, from one;

9) according, to, after (heygðr at fornum sið);

at ráði allra vitrustu manna, by the advice of;

at landslögum, by the law of the land;

at vánum, as was to be expected;

at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave;

10) in adverbial phrases;

gróa (vera grœddr) at heilu, to be quite healed;

bíta af allt gras at snøggu, quite bare;

at fullu, fully;

at vísu, surely;

at frjálsu, freely;

at eilífu, for ever and ever;

at röngu, at réttu, wrongly, rightly;

at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same;

at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent.

B. with acc., after, upon (= eptir);

sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, to take the inheritance after his father;

eiga féránsdóm at e-n, to hold a court of execution upon a person;

at þat (= eptir þat), after that, thereafter;

connected with a past part. or a., at Gamla fallinn, after the fall of Gamli;

at Hrungni dauðan, upon the death of Hrungnir.

II)

1) as the simple mark of the infinitive, to;

at ganga, at ríða, at hlaupa, to walk, to ride, to run;

2) in an objective sense;

hann bauð þeim at fara, sitja, he bade (ordered) them to go, sit;

gefa e-m at eta, at drekka, to give one to eat, to drink;

3) denoting design or purpose, in order to (hann gekk í borg at kaupa silfr).

III)

1) demonstrative particle before a comparative, the, all the, so much the;

hón grét at meir, she wept the more;

þykkir oss at líkara, all the more likely;

þú ert maðr at verri (so much the worse), er þú hefir þetta mælt;

2) rel. pron., who, which, that (= er);

þeir allir, at þau tíðindi heyrðu, all those who heard;

sem þeim er títt, at ( as is the custom of those who) kaupferðir reka.

IV)

conj., that;

1) introducing a subjective or objective clause;

þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, it happened once that H.;

vilda ek, at þú réðist austr í fjörðu, I should like you to go;

2) relative to svá, denoting proportion, degree;

svá mikill lagamaðr, at, so great a lawyer, that;

3) with subj., denoting end or purpose, in order that (skáru þeir fyrir þá (viz. hestana) melinn, at þeir dœi eigi af sulti);

4) since, because, as (= því at);

5) connected with þó, því, svá;

þó at (with subj.), though, although;

því at, because, for;

svá at, so that;

6) temp., þá at (= þá er), when;

þegar at (= þegar er), as soon as;

þar til at (= þar til er), until, till;

áðr at (= á. en), before;

7) used superfluously after an int. pron. or adv.;

Ólafr spurði, hvern styrk at hann mundi fá honum, what help he was likely to give him;

in a relative sense; með fullkomnum ávexti, hverr at (which) þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða.

V)

negative verbal suffix, = ata; var-at, was not.

VI)

n. an incited conflict or fight ( see etja);

odda at, Yggs at, battle.

* * *

1.

and að, prep., often used ellipt. dropping the case and even merely as an adverb, [Lat. ad; Ulf. at = πρός and παρά, A. S. ät; Engl. at; Hel. ad = apud; O. H. G. az; lost in mod. Germ., and rare in Swed. and Dan.; in more freq. use in Engl. than any other kindred language, Icel. only excepted]:—the mod. pronunciation and spelling is að (aþ); this form is very old, and is found in Icel. vellum MSS. of the 12th century, e. g. aþ, 623. 60; yet in earlier times it was sounded with a tenuis, as we may infer from rhymes, e. g. jöfurr hyggi at | hve ek yrkja fat, Egill: Sighvat also makes it rhyme with a t. The verse by Thorodd—þar vastu at er fjáðr klæðið þvat (Skálda 162)—is hardly intelligible unless we accept the spelling with an aspirate (að), and say that þvað is = þvá = þváði, lavabat; it may be that by the time of Thorodd and Ari the pure old pronunciation was lost, or is ‘þvat’ simply the A. S. þvât, secuit? The Icelanders still, however, keep the tenuis in compounds before a vowel, or before h, v, or the liquids l, r, thus—atyrða, atorka, athöfn, athugi, athvarf, athlægi; atvinna, atvik; atlaga, atlíðanði ( slope), atriði, atreið, atróðr: but aðdjúpr, aðfinsla (critic), aðferð, aðkoma, aðsókn, aðsúgr (crowding), aðgæzla. In some words the pronunciation is irregular, e. g. atkvæði not aðkv-; atburðr, but aðbúnaðr; aðhjúkran not athjúkran; atgörvi not aðgörfi. At, to, towards; into; against; along, by; in regard to; after.

Mostly with dat.; rarely with acc.; and sometimes ellipt.—by dropping the words ‘home,’ ‘house,’ or the like—with gen.

WITH DAT.

A. LOC.

I. WITH MOTION; gener. the motion to the borders, limits of an object, and thus opp. to frá:

1. towards, against, with or without the notion of arrival, esp. connected with verbs denoting motion (verba movendi et eundi), e. g. fara, ganga, koma, lúta, snúa, rétta at…; Otkell laut at Skamkatli, O. louted (i. e. bowed down) towards S., Nj. 77, Fms. xi. 102; sendimaðrinn sneri ( turned) hjöltum sverðsins at konungi, towards the king, i. 15; hann sneri egginni at Ásgrími, turned the edge towards A., Nj. 220; rétta e-t at e-m, to reach, hand over, Ld. 132; ganga at, to step towards, Ísl. ii. 259.

2. denoting proximity, close up to, up to; Brynjólfr gengr … allt at honum, B. goes quite up to him, Nj. 58; Gunnarr kom þangat at þeim örunum, G. reached them even there with his arrows, 115; þeir kómust aldri at honum, they could never get near him, to close quarters, id.; reið maðr at þeim (up to them), 274; þeir höfðu rakit sporin allt at ( right up to) gammanum, Fms. i. 9; komu þeir at sjó fram, came down to the sea, Bárð. 180.

3. without reference to the space traversed, to or at; koma at landi, to land, Ld. 38, Fms. viii. 358; ríða at dyrum, Boll. 344; hlaupa at e-m, to run up to, run at, Fms. vii. 218, viii. 358; af sjáfarganginum er hann gekk at landinu, of the surf dashing against the shore, xi. 6; vísa ólmum hundi at manni, to set a fierce hound at a man, Grág. ii. 118; leggja e-n at velli, to lay low, Eg. 426, Nj. 117; hníga at jörðu, at grasi, at moldu, to bite the dust, to die, Njarð. 378; ganga at dómi, a law term, to go into court, of a plaintiff, defendant, or bystander, Nj. 87 (freq.)

4. denoting a motion along, into, upon; ganga at stræti, to walk along the street, Korm. 228, Fms. vii. 39; at ísi, on the ice, Skálda 198, Fms. vii. 19, 246, viii. 168, Eb. 112 new Ed. (á is perh. wrong); máttu menn ganga bar yfir at skipum einum, of ships alone used as a bridge, Fas. i. 378; at höfðum, at nám, to trample on the slain on the battle-field, Lex. Poët.; at ám, along the rivers; at merkiósum, at the river’s mouth, Grág. ii. 355; at endilöngu baki, all along its back, Sks. 100.

5. denoting hostility, to rush at, assault; renna at, hlaupa at, ganga, fara, ríða, sækja, at e-m, (v. those words), whence the nouns atrenna, athlaup, atgangr, atför, atreið, atsókn, etc.

β. metaph., kom at þeim svefnhöfgi, deep sleep fell on them, Nj. 104. Esp. of weather, in the impers. phrase, hríð, veðr, vind, storm görir at e-m, to be overtaken by a snow storm, gale, or the like; görði þá at þeim þoku mikla, they were overtaken by a thick fog, Bárð. 171.

6. denoting around, of clothing or the like; bregða skikkju at höfði sér, to wrap his cloak over his head, Ld. 62; vefja motri at höfði sér, to wrap a snood round her head, 188; sauma at, to stick, cling close, as though sewn on; sauma at höndum sér, of tight gloves, Bs. i. 453; kyrtill svá þröngr sem saumaðr væri at honum, as though it were stitched to him, Nj. 214; vafit at vándum dreglum, tight laced with sorry tags, id.; hosa strengd fast at beini, of tight hose, Eg. 602; hann sveipar at sér iðrunum ok skyrtunni, he gathers up the entrails close to him and the skirt too, Gísl. 71; laz at síðu, a lace on the side, to keep the clothes tight, Eg. 602.

β. of burying; bera grjót at einum, to heap stones upon the body, Eg. 719; var gör at þeim dys or grjóti, Ld. 152; gora kistu at líki, to make a coffin for a body, Eb. 264, Landn. 56, Ld. 142.

γ. of summoning troops or followers; stefna at sér mönnum, to summon men to him, Nj. 104; stefna at sér liði, Eg. 270; kippa mönnum at sér, to gather men in haste, Ld. 64.

7. denoting a business, engagement; ríða at hrossum, at sauðum, to go looking after after horses, watching sheep, Glúm. 362, Nj. 75; fara at fé, to go to seek for sheep, Ld. 240; fara at heyi, to go a-haymaking, Dropl. 10; at veiðum, a-hunting; at fuglum, a-fowling; at dýrum, a-sbooting; at fiski, a-fishing; at veiðiskap, Landn. 154, Orkn. 416 (in a verse), Nj. 25; fara at landskuldum, to go a-collecling rents, Eg. 516; at Finnkaupum, a-marketing with Finns, 41; at féföngum, a-plundering, Fms. vii. 78; ganga at beina, to wait on guests, Nj. 50; starfa at matseld, to serve at table, Eb. 266; hitta e-n at nauðsynjum, on matters of business; at máli, to speak with one, etc., Fms. xi. 101; rekast at e-m, to pursue one, ix. 404; ganga at liði sér, to go suing for help, Grág. ii. 384.

β. of festivals; snúa, fá at blóti, veizlu, brullaupi, to prepare for a sacrificial banquet, wedding, or the like, hence at-fangadagr, Eb. 6, Ld. 70; koma at hendi, to happen, befall; ganga at sínu, to come by one’s own, to take it, Ld. 208; Egill drakk hvert full er at honum kom, drained every horn that came to him, Eg. 210; komast at keyptu, to purchase dearly, Húv. 46.

8. denoting imaginary motion, esp. of places, cp. Lat. spectare, vergere ad…, to look or lie towards; horfði botninn at höfðanum, the bight of the bay looked toward the headland, Fms. i. 340, Landn. 35; also, skeiðgata liggr at læknum, leads to the brook, Ísl. ii. 339; á þann arminn er vissi at sjánum, on that wing which looked toward the sea, Fms. viii. 115; sár þau er horft höfðu at Knúti konungi, xi. 309.

β. even connected with verbs denoting motion; Gilsáreyrr gengr austan at Fljótinu, G. extends, projects to F. from the east, Hrafh. 25; hjá sundi því, er at gengr þingstöðinni, Fms. xi. 85.

II. WITHOUT MOTION; denoting presence at, near, by, at the side of, in, upon; connected with verbs like sitja, standa, vera…; at kirkju, at church, Fms. vii. 251, K. f). K. 16, Ld. 328, Ísl. ii. 270, Sks. 36; vera at skála, at húsi, to be in, at home, Landn. 154; at landi, Fms. i. 82; at skipi, on shipboard, Grág. i. 209, 215; at oldri, at a banquet, inter pocula; at áti, at dinner, at a feast, inter edendum, ii. 169, 170; at samförum ok samvistum, at public meetings, id.; at dómi, in a court; standa (to take one’s stand) norðan, sunnan, austan, vestan at dómi, freq. in the proceedings at trials in lawsuits, Nj.; at þingi, present at the parliament, Grág. i. 142; at lögbergi, o n the hill of laws, 17, Nj.; at baki e-m, at the back of.

2. denoting presence, partaking in; sitja at mat, to sit at meat, Fms. i. 241; vera at veizlu, brullaupi, to be at a banquet, nuptials, Nj. 51, Ld. 70: a law term, vera at vígi, to be an accessory in manslaying, Nj. 89, 100; vera at e-u simply means to be about, be busy in, Fms. iv. 237; standa at máli, to stand by one in a case, Grág. ii. 165, Nj. 214; vera at fóstri, to be fostered, Fms. i. 2; sitja at hégóma, to listen to nonsense, Ld. 322; vera at smíð, to be at one’s work, Þórð. 62: now absol., vera at, to go on with, be busy at.

3. the law term vinna eið at e-u has a double meaning:

α. vinna eið at bók, at baugi, to make an oath upon the book by laying the band upon it, Landn. 258, Grág., Nj.; cp. Vkv. 31, Gkv. 3. 3, Hkv. 2. 29, etc.: ‘við’ is now used in this sense.

β. to confirm a fact (or the like) by an oath, to swear to, Grág. i. 9, 327.

γ. the law phrase, nefna vátta at e-u, of summoning witnesses to a deed, fact, or the like; nefna vátta at benjum, to produce evidence, witnesses as to the wounds, Nj., Grág.; at görð, Eg. 738; at svörum, Grág. i. 19: this summoning of witnesses served in old lawsuits the same purpose as modern pleadings and depositions; every step in a suit to be lawful must be followed by such a summoning or declaration.

4. used ellipt., vera at, to be about, to be busy at; kvalararnir er at vóru at pína hann, who were tormenting him; þar varstu at, you were there present, Skálda 162; at várum þar, Gísl. (in a verse): as a law term ‘vera at’ means to be guilty, Glúm. 388; vartattu at þar, Eg. (in a verse); hence the ambiguity of Glum’s oath, vask at þar, I was there present: var þar at kona nokkur ( was there busy) at binda sár manna, Fms. v. 91; hann var at ok smíðaði skot, Rd. 313; voru Varbelgir at ( about) at taka af, þau lög …, Fms. ix. 512; ek var at ok vafk, I was about weaving, xi. 49; þeir höfðu verit at þrjú sumur, they had been busy at it for three summers, x. 186 (now very freq.); koma at, come in, to arrive unexpectedly; Gunnarr kom at í því, G. came in at that moment; hvaðan komtú nú at, whence did you come? Nj. 68, Fms. iii. 200.

5. denoting the kingdom or residence of a king or princely person; konungr at Danmörk ok Noregi, king of…, Fms. i. 119, xi. 281; konungr, jarl, at öllum Noregi, king, earl, over all N., íb. 3, 13, Landn. 25; konungr at Dyflinni, king of Dublin, 25; but í or yfir England!, Eg. 263: cp. the phrase, sitja at landi, to reside, of a king when at home, Hkr. i. 34; at Joini, Fms. xi. 74: used of a bishop; biskup at Hólum, bishop of Hólar, Íb. 18, 19; but biskup í Skálaholti, 19: at Rómi, at Rome, Fbr. 198.

6. in denoting a man’s abode (vide p. 5, col. 1, l. 27), the prep. ‘at’ is used where the local name implies the notion of by the side of, and is therefore esp. applied to words denoting a river, brook, rock, mountain, grove, or the like, and in some other instances, by, at, e. g. at Hofi (a temple), Landn. 198; at Borg ( a castle), 57; at Helgafelli (a mountain), Eb. constantly so; at Mosfelli, Landn. 190; at Hálsi (a hill), Fms. xi. 22; at Bjargi, Grett. 90; Hálsum, Landn. 143; at Á ( river), 296, 268; at Bægisá, 212; Giljá, 332; Myrká, 211; Vatnsá, id.; þverá, Glúm. 323; at Fossi (a ‘force’ or waterfall), Landn. 73; at Lækjamoti (waters-meeting), 332; at Hlíðarenda ( end of the lithe or hill), at Bergþórshváli, Nj.; at Lundi (a grove), at Melum (sandhill), Landn. 70: the prep. ‘á’ is now used in most of these cases, e. g. á Á, á Hofi, Helgafelli, Felli, Hálsi, etc.

β. particularly, and without any regard to etymology, used of the abode of kings or princes, to reside at; at Uppsölum, at Haugi, Alreksstöðum, at Hlöðum, Landn., Fms.

γ. konungr lét kalla at stofudyrum, the king made a call at the hall door, Eg. 88; þeir kölluðu at herberginu, they called at the inn, Fms. ix. 475.

7. used ellipt. with a gen., esp. if connected with such words as gista, to be a guest, lodge, dine, sup (of festivals or the like) at one’s home; at Marðar, Nj. 4; at hans, 74; þingfesti at þess bóanda, Grág. i. 152; at sín, at one’s own home, Eg. 371, K. Þ. K. 62; hafa náttstað at Freyju, at the abode of goddess Freyja, Eg. 603; at Ránar, at Ran’s, i. e. at Ran’s house, of drowned men who belong to the queen of the sea, Ran, Eb. 274; at hins heilaga Ólafs konungs, at St. Olave’s church, Fms. vi. 63: cp. ad Veneris, εις Κίμωνος.

B. TEMP.

I. at, denoting a point or period of time; at upphafi, at first, in the beginning, Ld. 104; at lyktum, at síðustu, at lokum, at last; at lesti, at last, Lex. Poët., more freq. á lesti; at skilnaði, at parting, at last, Band. 3; at fornu, in times of yore, formerly, Eg. 267, D. I. i. 635; at sinni, as yet, at present; at nýju, anew, of present time; at eilífu, for ever and ever; at skömmu, soon, shortly, Ísl. ii. 272, v. l.

II. of the very moment when anything happens, the beginning of a term; denoting the seasons of the year, months, weeks, the hours of the day; at Jólum, at Yule, Nj. 46; at Pálmadegi, on Palm Sunday, 273; at Páskum, at Easter; at Ólafsvöku, on St. Olave’s eve, 29th of July, Fms.; at vetri, at the beginning of the winter, on the day when winter sets in, Grág. 1. 151; at sumarmálum, at vetrnáttum; at Tvímánaði, when the Double month (August) begins, Ld. 256, Grág. i. 152; at kveldi, at eventide, Eg. 3; at því meli, at that time; at eindaga, at the term, 395; at eykð, at 4 o’clock p. m., 198; at öndverðri æfi Abra hams, Ver. II; at sinni, now at once, Fms. vi. 71; at öðruhverju, every now and then.

β. where the point of time is marked by some event; at þingi, at the meeting of parliament (18th to the 24th of June), Ld. 182; at féránsdómi, at the court of execution, Grág. i. 132, 133; at þinglausnum, at the close of the parliament (beginning of July), 140; at festarmálum, eðr at eiginorði, at betrothal or nuptials, 174; at skilnaði, when they parted, Nj. 106 (above); at öllum minnum, at the general drinking of the toasts, Eg. 253; at fjöru, at the ebb; at flæðum, at flood tide, Fms. viii. 306, Orkn. 428; at hrörum, at an inquest, Grág. i. 50 (cp. ii. 141, 389); at sökum, at prosecutions, 30; at sinni, now, as yet, v. that word.

III. ellipt., or adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr,’ of the future time:

1. ellipt., komanda or the like being understood, with reference to the seasons of the year; at sumri, at vetri, at hausti, at vári, next summer, winter…, Ísl. ii. 242; at miðju sumri, at ári, at Midsummer, next year, Fas. i. 516; at miðjum vetri, Fms. iv. 237,

2. adding ‘komanda’ or ‘er kemr;’ at ári komanda, Bárð. 177; at vári er kemr, Dipl. iii. 6.

IV. used with an absolute dat. and with a pres. part.:

1. with pres. part.; at morni komanda, on the coming morrow, Fms. i. 263; at sér lifanda, in vivo, in his life time, Grág. ii. 202; at þeim sofundum, illis dormientibus, Hkr. i. 234; at öllum ásjándum, in the sight of all, Fms. x. 329; at úvitanda konungi, illo nesciente, without his knowledge, 227; at áheyranda höfðingjanum, in the chief’s bearing, 235.

2. of past time with a past part. (Lat. abl. absol.); at hræjum fundnum, on the bodies being found, Grág. ii. 87; at háðum dómum ok föstu þingi, during the session, the courts being set, i. 484; at liðnum sex vikum, after six weeks past, Band. 13; at svá búnu, so goru, svá komnu, svá mæltu (Lat. quibus rebus gestis, dictis, quo facto, dicto, etc.), v. those words; at úreyndu, without trial, without put ting one to the test, Ld. 76; at honum önduðum, illo mortuo.

3. ellipt. without ‘at;’ en þessum hlutum fram komnum, when all this has been done, Eb. 132.

V. in some phrases with a slight temp, notion; at görðum gildum, the fences being strong, Gþl. 387; at vörmu spori, at once, whilst the trail is warm; at úvörum, unawares, suddenly, Nj. 95, Ld. 132; at þessu, at this cost, on that condition, Eb. 38, Nj. 55; at illum leiki, to have a narrow escape, now við illan leik, Fms. ix. 473; at því, that granted, Grág. ii. 33: at því, at pessu, thereafter, thereupon, Nj. 76.

2. denoting succession, without interruption, one after another; hverr at öðrum, annarr maðr at öðrum, aðrir at öðrum; eina konu at annarri, Eg. 91, Fms. ii. 236, vi. 25, Bs. i. 22, 625. 80, H. E. i. 522.

C. METAPH. and in various cases:

I. denoting a transformation or change into, to, with the notion of destruction; brenna at ösku, at köldum kolum, to burn to ashes, to be quite destroyed, Fms. i. 105, Edda 3, Sturl. ii. 51: with the notion of transformation or transfiguration, in such phrases as, verða at e-u, göra e-t at e-u, to turn it into:

α. by a spell; verða at ormi, to become a snake, Fms. xi. 158; at flugdrekum, Gullþ. 7; urðu þau bönd at járni, Edda 40.

β. by a natural process it can often be translated by an acc. or by as; göra e-n at urðarmanni, to make him an outlaw, Eg. 728; græða e-n at orkumlamanni, to heal him so as to maim him for life, of bad treatment by a leech, Eb. 244: in the law terms, sár görist at ben, a wound turning into a ben, proving to be mortal, Grág., Nj.; verða at ljúgvætti, to prove to be a false evidence, Grág. i. 44; verða at sætt, to turn into reconciliation, Fms. i. 13; göra e-t at reiði málum, to take offence at, Fs. 20; at nýjum tíðindum, to tell as news, Nj. 14; verða fátt at orðum, to be sparing of words, 18; kveðr (svá) at orði, to speak, utter, 10; verða at þrifnaði, to geton well, Fms. vii. 196: at liði, at skaða, to be a help or hurt to one; at bana, to cause one’s death, Nj. 223, Eg. 21, Grág. ii. 29: at undrum, at hlátri, to become a wonder, a laughing-stock, 623. 35, Eg. 553.

II. denoting capacity, where it may be translated merely by as or for; gefa at Jólagjöf, to give for a Christmas-box, Eg. 516; at gjöf, for a present; at erfð, at láni, launum, as an inheritance, a loan; at kaupum ok sökum, for buying and selling, Ísl. ii. 223, Grág. i. 423; at solum, ii. 204; at herfangi, as spoil or plunder; at sakbótum, at niðgjöldum, as a compensation, weregeld, i. 339, ii. 171, Hkr. ii. 168; taka at gíslingu, to take as an hostage, Edda 15; eiga e-n at vin, at óvin, to have one as friend or foe, illt er at eiga þræl at eingavin, ‘tis ill to have a thrall for one’s bosom friend (a proverb), Nj. 77; fæða, eiga, at sonum (syni), to beget a son, Edda 8, Bs. i. 60 (but eiga at dóttur cannot be said); hafa möttul at yfirhöfn, Fms. vii. 201; verða nökkut at manni (mönnum), to turn out to be a worthy man; verða ekki at manni, to turn out a worthless person, xi. 79, 268.

2. in such phrases as, verða at orðum, to come towards, Nj. 26; var þat at erindum, Eg. 148; hafa at veizlum, to draw veizlur ( dues) from, Fms. iv. 275, Eg. 647; gora e-t at álitum, to take it into consideration, Nj. 3.

III. denoting belonging to, fitting, of parts of the whole or the like; vóru at honum (viz. the sword) hjölt gullbúin, the sword was ornamented with a hilt of gold, Ld. 330; umgörð at ( belonging to) sverði, Fs. 97 (Hs.) in a verse; en ef mór er eigi at landinu, if there be no turf moor belonging to the land, Grág. ii. 338; svá at eigi brotnaði nokkuð at Orminum, so that no harm happened to the ship Worm, Fms. x. 356; hvatki er meiðir at skipinu eðr at reiðinu eðr at viðum, damage done t o …, Grág. ii. 403; lesta ( to injure) hús at lásum, við eðr torfi, 110; ef land hefir batnað at húsum, if the land has been bettered as to its buildings, 210; cp. the phrase, göra at e-u, to repair: hamlaðr at höndum eðr fótum, maimed as to hands or feet, Eg. 14; heill at höndum en hrumr at fótum, sound in band, palsied in foot, Fms. vii. 12; lykill at skrá, a key belonging, fitting, to the latch; hurð at húsi; a key ‘gengr at’ ( fits) skrá; and many other phrases. 2. denoting the part by which a thing is held or to which it belongs, by; fá, taka at…, to grasp by …; þú tókt við sverði hans at hjöltunum, you took it by the bill, Fms. i. 15; draga út björninn at hlustum, to pull out the bear by the ears, Fas. ii. 237; at fótum, by the feet, Fms. viii. 363; mæla ( to measure) at hrygg ok at jaðri, by the edge or middle of the stuff, Grág. i. 498; kasta e-m at höfði, head foremost, Nj. 84; kjósa e-n at fótum, by the feet alone, Edda 46; hefja frændsemi at bræðrum, eða at systkynum, to reckon kinship by the brother’s or the sister’s side, Grág. i. 28; kjósa at afli, at álitum, by strength, sight, Gs. 8, belongs rather to the following.

IV. in respect of, as regards, in regard to, as to; auðigr at fé, wealthy of goods, Nj. 16, 30, 51; beztir hestar at reið, the best racehorses, 186; spekingr at viti, a man of great intellect, Ld. 124; vænn (fagr) at áliti, fair of face, Nj. 30, Bs. i. 61; kvenna vænst at ásjónu ok vits munum, of surpassing beauty and intellect, Ld. 122; fullkominn at hyggju, 18; um fram aðra menn at vinsældum ok harðfengi, of surpassing popularity and hardihood, Eb. 30.

2. a law term, of challenging jurors, judges, or the like, on account of, by reason of; ryðja ( to challenge) at mægðum, guðsifjum, frændsemi, hrörum …; at leiðarlengd, on account of distance, Grág. i. 30, 50, Nj. (freq.)

3. in arithm. denoting proportion; at helmingi, þriðjungi, fjórðungi, tíunda hluta, cp. Lat. ex asse, quadrante, for the half, third… part; máttr skal at magni (a proverb), might and main go together, Hkr. ii. 236; þú munt vera at því mikill fræðimaðr á kvæði, in the same proportion, as great, Fms. vi. 391, iii. 41; at e-s hluta, at… leiti, for one’s part, in turn, as far as one is con cerned, Grág. i. 322, Eg. 309, Fms. iii. 26 (freq.): at öðrum kosti, in the other case, otherwise (freq.) More gener., at öllu, öngu, in all (no) respects; at sumu, einhverju, nokkru, partly; at flestu, mestu, chiefly.

4. as a paraphrase of a genitive; faðir, móðir at barni (= barns); aðili at sök (= sakar a.); morðingi at barni (= barns), faðerni at barni (barns); illvirki at fé manna (cp. Lat. felo de se), niðrfall at sökum (saka), land gangr at fiskum (fiska), Fms. iv. 274, Grág. i. 277, 416, N. G. L. i. 340, K. Þ. K. 112, Nj. 21.

5. the phrase ‘at sér,’ of himself or in himself, either ellipt. or by adding the participle görr, and with the adverbs vel, ilia, or the like; denoting breeding, bearing, endowments, character …; væn kona, kurteis ok vel at sér, an accomplished, well-bred, gifted lady, Nj. I; vitr maðr ok vel at sér, a wise man and thoroughly good in feeling and bearing, 5; þú ert maðr vaskr ok vel at þér, 49; gerr at sér, accomplished, 51; bezt at sér görr, the finest, best bred man, 39, Ld. 124; en þó er hann svá vel at sér, so generous, Nj. 77; þeir höfðingjar er svá vóru vel at sér, so noble-minded, 198, Fms. i. 160: the phrase ‘at sér’ is now only used of knowledge, thus maðr vel að sér means clever, a man of great knowledge; illa að sér, a blockhead.

6. denoting relations to colour, size, value, age, and the like; hvitr, svartr, grár, rauðr … at lit, white, swarthy, gray, red … of colour, Bjarn. 55, 28, Ísl. ii. 213, etc.; mikill, lítill, at stærð, vexti, tall, small of size, etc.; ungr, gamall, barn, at aldri, young, old, a child of age; tvítugr, þrítugr … at aldri, twenty, thirty … years of age (freq.): of animals; kyr at fyrsta, öðrum … kálfi, a cow having calved once, twice…, Jb. 346: value, amount, currency of money, kaupa e-t at mörk, at a mark, N. G. L. 1. 352; ok er eyririnn at mörk, amounts to a mark, of the value of money, Grág. i. 392; verðr þá at hálfri murk vaðmála eyrir, amounts to a half a mark, 500.

β. metaph. of value, connected with verbs denoting to esteem, hold; meta, hafa, halda at miklu, litlu, vettugi, engu, or the like, to hold in high or low esteem, to care or not to care for (freq.): geta e-s at góðu, illu, öngu, to mention one favourably, unfavourably, indifferently … (freq.), prop. in connection with. In many cases it may be translated by in; ekki er mark at draumum, there is no meaning in dreams, no heed is to be paid to dreams, Sturl. ii. 217; bragð er at þá barnið finnr, it goes too far, when even a child takes offence (a proverb): hvat er at því, what does it mean? Nj. 11; hvert þat skip er vöxtr er at, any ship of mark, i. e. however small, Fms. xi. 20.

V. denoting the source of a thing:

1. source of infor mation, to learn, perceive, get information from; Ari nam ok marga fræði at Þuríði, learnt as her pupil, at her hands, as St. Paul at the feet of Gamaliel, (just as the Scotch say to speer or ask at a person); Ari nam at Þorgeiri afraðskoll, Hkr. (pref.); nema kunnáttu at e-m, used of a pupil, Fms. i. 8; nema fræði at e-m, xi. 396.

2. of receiving, acquiring, buying, from; þiggja e-t at e-m, to receive a thing at his hands, Nj. 51; líf, to be pardoned, Fms. x. 173; kaupa land at e-m, to buy it from, Landn. 72, Íb. II, (now af is more freq. in this sense); geta e-t at e-m, to obtain, procure at one’s hands, impetrare; þeirra manna er þeir megu þat geta at, who are willing to do that, Grág. i. I; heimta e-t at e-m (now af), to call in, demand (a debt, money), 279; fala e-t at e-m (now af), to chaffer for or cheapen anything, Nj. 73; sækja e-t at e-m, to ask, seek for; sækja heilræði ok traust at e-m, 98; leiga e-t at e-m (now af), to borrow, Grág. ii. 334; eiga e-t (fé, skuld) at e-m, to be owed money by any one, i. 399: metaph. to deserve of one, Nj. 113; eiga mikit at e-m, to have much to do with, 138; hafa veg, virðing, styrk, at, to derive honour, power from, Fms. vi. 71, Eg. 44, Bárð. 174; gagn, to be of use, Ld. 216; mein, tálma, mischief, disadvantage, 158, 216, cp. Eg. 546; ótta, awe, Nj. 68.

VI. denoting conformity, according to, Lat. secundum, ex, after; at fornum sið, Fms. i. 112; at sögn Ara prests, as Ari relates, on his authority, 55; at ráði allra vitrustu manna, at the advice of, Ísl. ii. 259, Ld. 62; at lögum, at landslögum, by the law of the land, Grág., Nj.; at líkindum, in all likelihood, Ld. 272; at sköpum, in due course (poet.); at hinum sama hætti, in the very same manner, Grág. i. 90; at vánum, as was to be expected, Nj. 255; at leyfi e-s, by one’s leave, Eg. 35; úlofi, Grág. ii. 215; at ósk, vilja e-s, as one likes…; at mun, id. (poet.); at sólu, happily (following the course of the sun), Bs. i. 70, 137; at því sem …, as to infer from …, Nj. 124: ‘fara, láta, ganga at’ denotes to yield, agree to, to comply with, give in, Ld. 168, Eg. 18, Fms. x. 368.

VII. in phrases nearly or quite adverbial; gróa, vera græddr, at heilu, to be quite healed, Bárð. 167, Eb. 148; bíta at snöggu, to bite it bare, Fms. xi. 6; at þurru, till it becomes dry, Eb. 276; at endilöngu, all along, Fas. ii; vinnast at litlu, to avail little, 655 x. 14; at fullu, fully, Nj. 257, Hkr. i. 171; at vísu, of a surety, surely, Ld. 40; at frjálsu, freely, 308; at líku, at sömu, equally, all the same, Hom. 80, Nj. 267; at röngu, wrongly, 686 B. 2; at hófi, temperately, Lex. Poët.; at mun, at ráði, at marki, to a great extent; at hringum, utterly, all round, (rare), Fms. x. 389; at einu, yet, Orkn. 358; svá at einu, því at einu, allt at einu, yet, however, nevertheless.

VIII. connected with comparatives of adverbs and adjectives, and strengthening the sense, as in Engl. ‘the,’ so much the more, all the more; ‘at’ heldr tveimr, at ek munda gjarna veita yðr öllum, where it may be translated by so much the more to two, as I would willingly grant it to all of you; hon grét at meir, she grat (wept) the more, Eg. 483; þykir oss at líkara, all the more likely, Fms. viii. 6; þess at harðari, all the harder, Sturl. iii. 202 C; svá at hinn sé bana at nær, Grág. ii. 117; at auðnara, at hólpnara, the more happy, Al. 19, Grett. 116 B; þess at meiri, Fms. v. 64; auvirðismaðr at meiri, Sturl. ii. 139; maðr at vaskari, id.; at feigri, any the more fey, Km. 22; maðr at verri, all the worse, Nj. 168; ok er ‘at’ firr…, at ek vil miklu heldr, cp. Lat. tantum abest… ut, Eg. 60.

β. following after a negation; eigi at síðr, no less, Nj. 160, Ld. 146; eigi… at meiri maðr, any better, Eg. 425, 489; erat héra at borgnara, any the better off for that, Fms. vii. 116; eigi at minni, no less for that, Edda (pref.) 146; eigi at minna, Ld. 216, Fms. ix. 50; ekki at verri drengr, not a bit worse for that, Ld. 42; er mér ekki son minn at bættari, þótt…, 216; at eigi vissi at nær, any more, Fas. iii. 74.

IX. following many words:

1. verbs, esp. those denoting, a. to ask, enquire, attend, seek, e. g. spyrja at, to speer (ask) for; leita at, to seek for; gæta, geyma at, to pay attention to; huga, hyggja at; hence atspurn, to enquire, aðgæzla, athugi, attention, etc.

β. verbs denoting laughter, play, joy, game, cp. the Engl. to play at …, to laugh at …; hlæja, brosa at e-u, to laugh, smile at it; leika (sér) at e-u, to play at; þykja gaman at, to enjoy; hæða, göra gys at …, to make sport at …

γ. verbs denoting assistance, help; standa, veita, vinna, hjálpa at; hence atstoð, atvinna, atverk:—mode, proceeding; fara at, to proceed, hence atför and atferli:—compliance; láta, fara at e-u, v. above:— fault; e-t er at e-u, there is some fault in it, Fms. x. 418; skorta at e-u, to fall short of, xi. 98:—care, attendance; hjúkra at, hlýja at, v. these words:—gathering, collecting; draga, reiða, flytja, fá at, congerere:—engagement, arrival, etc.; sækja at, to attack; ganga at, vera at, to be about; koma at, ellipt. to arrive: göra at, to repair: lesta at, to impair (v. above); finna at, to criticise (mod.); telja at, id.: bera at, to happen; kveða at e-m, to address one, 625. 15, (kveða at (ellipt.) now means to pronounce, and of a child to utter (read) whole syllables); falla at, of the flood-tide (ellipt.): metaph. of pains or straits surrounding one; þreyngja, herða at, to press hard: of frost and cold, with regard to the seasons; frjósa at, kólna at, to get really cold (SI. 44), as it were from the cold stiffening all things: also of the seasons themselves; hausta, vetra að, when the season really sets in; esp. the cold seasons, ‘sumra at’ cannot be used, yet we may say ‘vára að’ when the spring sets in, and the air gets mild.

δ. in numberless other cases which may partly be seen below.

2. connected ellipt. with adverbs denoting motion from a place; norðan, austan, sunnan, vestan at, those from the north, east…; utan at, innan at, from the outside or inside.

3. with adjectives (but rarely), e. g. kærr, elskr, virkr (affectionate), vandr (zealous), at e-m; v. these words.

WITH ACC.

TEMP.: Lat. post, after, upon, esp. freq. in poetry, but rare in prose writers, who use eptir; nema reisi niðr at nið (= maðr eptir mann), in succession, of erecting a monument, Hm. 71; in prose, at þat. posthac, deinde, Fms. x. 323, cp. Rm., where it occurs several times, 2, 6, 9, 14, 18, 24, 28, 30, 35; sonr á at taka arf at föður sinn, has to take the inheritance after his father, Grág. i. 170 new Ed.; eiga féránsdóm at e-n, Grág. i. 89; at Gamla fallinn, after the death of G., Fms. x. 382; in Edda (Gl.) 113 ought to be restored, grét ok at Oð, gulli Freyja, she grat (wept) tears of gold for her lost husband Od. It is doubtful if it is ever used in a purely loc. sense; at land, Grág. (Sb.)ii. 211, is probably corrupt; at hönd = á hönd, Grág. (Sb.) i. 135; at mót = at móti, v. this word.

☞ In compounds (v. below) at- or að- answers in turn to Lat. ad- or in- or con-; atdráttr e. g. denotes collecting; atkoma is adventus: it may also answer to Lat. ob-, in atburðr = accidence, but might also be compared with Lat. occurrere.

2.

and að, the mark of the infinitive [cp. Goth. du; A. S. and Engl. to; Germ. zu]. Except in the case of a few verbs ‘at’ is always placed immediately before the infinitive, so as to be almost an inseparable part of the verb.

I. it is used either,

1. as, a simple mark of the infinitive, only denoting an action and independent of the subject, e. g. at ganga, at hlaupa, at vita, to go, to run, to know; or,

2. in an objective sense when following such verbs as bjóða segja…, to invite, command …; hann bauð þeim at ganga, at sitja, be bade, ordered them to go, sit, or the like; or as gefa and fá; gefa e-m at drekka, at eta, to give one to drink or to eat, etc. etc.

β. with the additional notion of intention, esp. when following verba cogitandi; hann ætlaði, hafði í hyggju at fara, he had it in his mind to go (where ‘to go’ is the real object to ætlaði and hafði í hyggju).

3. answering to the Gr. ινα, denoting intention, design, in order to; hann gékk í borg at kaupa silfr, in order to buy, Nj. 280; hann sendi riddara sína með þeim at varðveita þær, 623. 45: in order to make the phrase more plain, ‘svá’ and ‘til’ are frequently added, esp. in mod. writers, ‘svá at’ and contr. ‘svát’ (the last however is rare), ‘til at’ and ‘til þess at,’ etc.

II. in the earlier times the infin., as in Greek and Lat., had no such mark; and some verbs remain that cannot be followed by ‘at;’ these verbs are almost the same in Icel. as in Engl.:

α. the auxiliary verbs vil, mun ( μέλλω), skal; as in Engl. to is never used after the auxiliaries shall, will, must; ek vil ganga, I will go; ek mun fara, (as in North. E.) I mun go; ek skal göra þat, I shall do that, etc.

β. the verbs kunna, mega, as in Engl. I can or may do, I dare say; svá hygginn at hann kunni fyrir sökum ráða, Grág. ii. 75; í öllu er prýða má góðan höfðingja, Nj. 90; vera má, it may be; vera kann þat, id.: kunnu, however, takes ‘at’ whenever it means to know, and esp. in common language in phrases such as, það kann að vera, but vera kann þat, v. above.

γ. lata, biðja, as in Engl. to let, to bid; hann lét (bað) þá fara, he let (bade) them go.

δ. þykkja, þykjast, to seem; hann þykir vera, he is thought to be: reflex., hann þykist vera, sibi videtur: impers., mér þykir vera, mibi videtur, in all cases without ‘at.’ So also freq. the verbs hugsa, hyggja, ætla, halda, to think, when denoting merely the act of thinking; but if there be any notion of intention or purpose, they assume the ‘at;’ thus hann ætlaði, hugði, þá vera góða menn, he thought them to be, acc. c. inf.; but ætlaði at fara, meant to go, etc.

ε. the verbs denoting to see, bear; sjá, líta, horfa á … ( videre); heyra, audire, as in Engl. I saw them come, I heard him tell, ek sá þá koma, ek heyrði hann tala.

ζ. sometimes after the verbs eiga and ganga; hann gékk steikja, be went to roast, Vkv. 9; eiga, esp. when a mere periphrasis instead of skal, móður sína á maðr fyrst fram færa (better at færa), Grág. i. 232; á þann kvið einskis meta, 59; but at meta, id. l. 24; ráða, nema, göra …, freq. in poetry, when they are used as simple auxiliary verbs, e. g. nam hann sér Högna hvetja at rúnum, Skv. 3. 43.

η. hljóta and verða, when used in the sense of must (as in Engl. he must go), and when placed after the infin.of another verb; hér muntu vera hljóta, Nj. 129; but hljóta at vera: fara hlýtr þú, Fms. 1. 159; but þú hlýtr at fara: verða vita, ii. 146; but verða at vita: hann man verða sækja, þó verðr (= skal) maðr eptir mann lifa, Fms. viii. 19, Fas. ii. 552, are exceptional cases.

θ. in poetry, verbs with the verbal neg. suffix ‘-at,’ freq. for the case of euphony, take no mark of the infinitive, where it would be indispensable with the simple verb, vide Lex. Poët. Exceptional cases; hvárt sem hann vill ‘at’ verja þá sök, eða, whatever he chooses, either, Grág. i. 64; fyrr viljum vér enga kórónu at bera, en nokkut ófrelsi á oss at taka, we would rather bear no crown than …, Fms. x. 12; the context is peculiar, and the ‘at’ purposely added. It may be left out ellipt.; e. g. þá er guð gefr oss finnast (= at finnast), Dipl. ii. 14; gef honum drekka (= at drekka), Pr. 470; but mostly in unclassical writers, in deeds, or the like, written nastily and in an abrupt style.

3.

and að, conj. [Goth. þatei = οτι; A. S. þät; Engl. that; Germ, dass; the Ormul. and Scot. at, see the quotations sub voce in Jamieson; in all South-Teutonic idioms with an initial dental: the Scandinavian idioms form an exception, having all dropped this consonant; Swed. åt, Dan. at]. In Icel. the Bible translation (of the 16th century) was chiefly based upon that of Luther; the hymns and the great bulk of theol. translations of that time were also derived from Germany; therefore the germanised form það frequently appears in the Bible, and was often employed by theol. authors in sermons since the time of the Reformation. Jón Vidalin, the greatest modern Icel. preacher, who died in 1720, in spite of his thoroughly classical style, abounds in the use of this form; but it never took root in the language, and has never passed into the spoken dialect. After a relative or demonstr. pronoun, it freq. in mod. writers assumes the form eð, hver eð, hverir eð, hvað eð, þar eð. Before the prep. þú (tu), þ changes into t, and is spelt in a single word attú, which is freq. in some MS.;—now, however, pronounced aððú, aððeir, aððið …, = að þú…, with the soft Engl. th sound. It gener. answers to Lat. ut, or to the relat. pron. qui.

I. that, relative to svá, to denote proportion, degree, so…, that, Lat. tam, tantus, tot…, ut; svá mikill lagamaðr, at…, so great a lawyer, that…, Nj. 1; hárið svá mikit, at þat…, 2; svá kom um síðir því máli, at Sigvaldi, it came so far, that…, Fms. xi. 95, Edda 33. Rarely and unclass., ellipt. without svá; Bæringr var til seinn eptir honum, at hann … (= svá at), Bær. 15; hlífði honum, at hann sakaði ekki, Fas. iii. 441.

II. it is used,

1. with indic, in a narrative sense, answering partly to Gr. οτι, Lat. quod, ut, in such phrases as, it came to pass, happened that …; þat var einhverju sinni, at Höskuldr hafði vinaboð, Nj. 2; þat var á palmdrottinsdag, at Ólafr konungr gékk út um stræti, Fms. ii. 244.

2. with subj. answering to Lat. acc. with infin., to mark the relation of an object to the chief verb, e. g. vilda ek at þú réðist, I wished that you would, Nj. 57.

β. or in an oblique sentence, answering to ita ut…; ef svá kann verða at þeir láti…, if it may be so that they might…, Fms. xi. 94.

γ. with a subj. denoting design, answering to ϊνα or Lat. ut with subj., in order that; at öll veraldar bygðin viti, ut sciat totus orbis, Stj.; þeir skáru fyrir þá melinn, at þeir dæi eigi af sulti, ut ne fame perirent, Nj. 265; fyrsti hlutr bókarinnar er Kristindómsbálkr, at menn skili, in order that men may understand, Gþl. p. viii.

III. used in connection with conjunctions,

1. esp. þó, því, svá; þó at freq. contr. þótt; svát is rare and obsolete.

α. þóat, þótt (North. E. ‘thof’), followed by a subjunctive, though, although, Lat. etsi, quamquam (very freq.); þóat nokkurum mönnum sýnist þetta með freku sett… þá viljum vér, Fms. vi. 21: phrases as, gef þú mér þó at úverðugri, etsi indignae (dat.), Stj. MS. col. 315, are unclass., and influenced by the Latin: sometimes ellipt. without ‘þó,’ eigi mundi hón þá meir hvata göngu sinni, at (= þóat) hon hraeddist bana sinn, Edda 7, Nj. 64: ‘þó’ and ‘at’ separated, svarar hann þó rétt, at hann svari svá, Grág. i. 23; þó er rétt at nýta, at hann sé fyrr skorinn, answering to Engl. yet—though, Lat. attamen —etsi, K. Þ. K.

β. því at, because, Lat. nam, quia, with indic.; því at allir vóru gerfiligir synir hans, Ld. 68; því at af íþróttum verðr maðr fróðr, Sks. 16: separated, því þegi ek, at ek undrumst, Fms. iii. 201; því er þessa getið, at þat þótti, it i s mentioned because …, Ld. 68.

γ. svá at, so that, Lat. ut, ita ut; grátrinn kom upp, svá at eingi mátti öðrum segja, Edda 37: separated, so … that, svá úsvúst at …, so bad weather, that, Bs. i. 339, etc.

2. it is freq. used superfluously, esp. after relatives; hver at = hverr, quis; því at = því, igitur; hverr at þekkr ok þægiligr mun verða, Fms. v. 159; hvern stvrk at hann mundi fá, 44; ek undrumst hvé mikil ógnarraust at liggr í þér, iii. 201; því at ek mátti eigi þar vera elligar, því at þar var kristni vel haldin, Fas. i. 340.

IV. as a relat. conj.:

1. temp, when, Lat. quum; jafnan er ( est) mér þá verra er ( quum) ek fer á braut þaðan, en þá at ( quum) ek kem, Grett. 150 A; þar til at vér vitum, till we know, Fms. v. 52; þá at ek lýsta (= þá er), when, Nj. 233.

2. since, because; ek færi yðr (hann), at þér eruð í einum hrepp allir, because of your being all of the same Rape, Grág. i. 260; eigi er kynlegt at ( though) Skarphéðinn sé hraustr, at þat er mælt at…, because (since) it is a saying that…, Nj. 64.

V. in mod. writers it is also freq. superfluously joined to the conjunctions, ef að = ef, si, (Lv. 45 is from a paper MS.), meðan að = meðan, dum; nema að, nisi; fyrst að = fyrst, quoniam; eptir að, síðan að, postquam; hvárt að = hvárt, Lat. an. In the law we find passages such as, þá er um er dæmt eina sök, at þá eigu þeir aptr at ganga í dóminn, Grág. i. 79; ef þing ber á hina helgu viku, at þat á eigi fyrir þeim málum at standa, 106; þat er ok, at þeir skulu reifa mál manna, 64; at þeir skulu með váttorð þá sök sækja, 65: in all these cases ‘at’ is either superfluous or, which is more likely, of an ellipt. nature, ‘the law decrees’ or ‘it is decreed’ being understood. The passages Sks. 551, 552, 568, 718 B, at lokit (= at ek hefi lokit), at hugleitt (= at ek hefi h.), at sent (= at ek hefi sent) are quite exceptional.

4.

and að, an indecl. relat. pronoun [Ulf. þatei = ος, ος αν, οστις, οσπερ, οιος, etc.; Engl. that, Ormul. at], with the initial letter dropped, as in the conj. at, (cp. also the Old Engl. at, which is both a conj. and a pronoun, e. g. Barbour vi. 24 in Jamieson: ‘I drede that his gret wassalage, | And his travail may bring till end, | That at men quhilc full litil wend.’ | ‘His mestyr speryt quhat tithings a t he saw.’—Wyntoun v. 3. 89.) In Icel. ‘er’ (the relat. pronoun) and ‘at’ are used indifferently, so that where one MS. reads ‘er,’ another reads ‘at,’ and vice versâ; this may easily be seen by looking at the MSS.; yet as a rule ‘er’ is much more freq. used. In mod. writers ‘at’ is freq. turned into ‘eð,’ esp. as a superfluous particle after the relative pron. hverr (hver eð, hvað eð, hverir eð, etc.), or the demonstr. sá (sá eð, þeir eð, hinir eð, etc.):—who, which, that, enn bezta grip at ( which) hafði til Íslands komið, Ld. 202; en engi mun sá at ( cui) minnisamara mun vera, 242; sem blótnaut at ( quae) stærst verða, Fms. iii. 214; þau tiðendi, at mér þætti verri, Nj. 64, etc. etc.

5.

n. collision (poët.); odda at, crossing of spears, crash of spears, Höfuðl. 8.

β. a fight or bait of wild animals, esp. of horses, v. hesta-at and etja.

6.

the negative verbal suffix, v. -a.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > AT
86 SÆR

I)

(gen. sævar), m. sea (øxn gengu upp ór sænum), (varð sjárinn ókyrr mjök; róa út á sjá), = sjár, sjór.

II)

(-sæ, -sætt), a. seen (auðsær, einsætt).

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m., there are three forms, sær, sjór, sjár (cp. snær, slær, etc.); in old writers sær is commonest, sjór in mod., sjár is the most rare: the v (also written f) appears in gen. sævar, sjóvar, sjávar; dat. sævi, sjóvi, sjávi; acc. sæ, sjó, sjá; the dat. sing. was then shortened into sæ, sjó, sjá, which forms prevail in prose: in mod. usage the v has also been dropped between two vowels, sjóar for sjóvar, pl. sjóir for sjóvir, dat. sjóum: a gen. sjós is only used in special phrases, and is borrowed from the Danish: [Ulf. saiws and mari-saiws = λίμνη, Luke v. 12; A. S. sæ; Engl. sea; O. H. G. seô; Germ. see; Dan. sö; Swed. sjö.]

A. The sea, never used, like Germ. see, of a lake; himin, jörð ok sjá, Fms. i. 304; á sjá ok landi, 31; ef sjár kastar á land, Grág. ii. 388; þar sem sær mætisk ok græn torfa, N. G. L. i. 13; sær eða vötn, Grág. ii. 275; sær ok vindar, Eluc. 10; særinn féll á land, Fms. xi. 6 (and sjórinn, id.); upp ór sæ (dat.), 7; sænum, 6, 7 (four times); and sjónum, 6 (once); í sæinn, 6, 7 (thrice); sjóinn, id. (once); á sæinn út, Hkr. i. 229; út til sævar, ii. 106, Ó. H. 69; þar er vatni náir, eða sjá ( sea-water) ef eigi nær vatni, K. Þ. K. 5 new Ed.; sjár kolblár, Nj. 42; sjór kolblár, 19; á hverngi veg er sjór blendr saman fé manna, Grág. ii. 389; sá þeir skína ljós á sjóinn, Fms. i. 228; vestr með sjó, Landn. 36; sjór í miðjum hlíðum, 25, v. l.; Danavirki var gört … um þvert landit millum sjóva, Fms. xi. 28; sjór enn rauði, the Red Sea, 655 viii. 2; hann bað þrælinn færa sér í dælu-keri þat er hann kallaði sjó …, Ekki þykki mér þetta sjór, Landn. 251; bar sjóinn í seglit (the sea, waves), Fms. ix. 320; hón hjó fram öxinni á sjóinn …, varð af brestr mikill ok blóðugr allr sjórinn, Lv. 68, 69: the phrase, kasta á sæ, to cast into the sea, throw away, Ó. H. 38 (see glær); því kalla menn á sæ kastað er maðr lætr eigu sína, ok tekr ekki í mót, Ld. 128: storm mikinn ok stóran sjá, a high sea, Fms. vii. 51: sigla suðr um sjá (= sail through the Straits of Dover southward), Nj. 281.

COMPDS:

α. sævar-: sævar-bakki, a, m. the sea-beach, Sturl. ii. 31 C. sævar-borg, f. a castle on the sea-side, = sæborg, Fms. xi. 74. sævar-djúp, n. the depth of the sea, the deep sea, Mar. sævar-fall, n. tides, Rb. 6, 90. sævar-floti, a, m. a float, raft of timber, N. G. L. i. 423. sævar-gangr, m. the swell of the sea, the sea running high, Edda 41. sævar-hamrar, m. pl. sea-crags, Orkn. 310 (sjávar-hamrar, Fbr. 155). sævar-strönd, f. the sea-strand, 655 xii. 3. sævar-urð, f. piles of rocks on the sea-shore, Orkn. 114.

β. sjávar-: sjávar-brekka, u, f. a shelving shore, Bs. i. 669. sjávar-djúp = sævar-djúp, Nj. 279. sjávar-gata, u, f. the way from the sea to a bouse; eigi er löng s. til Borgar, B. is not far from the coast, Band. 28 new Ed. sjávar-hamrar = sævarhamrar, Nj. 182, Fbr. 155. sjávar-háski, a, m. danger, distress at sea, Fms. x. 135. sjávar-hella, u, f. a flat rock projecting into the sea, Landn. 326 (Append.) sjávar-höll, f. a king’s hall on the sea-side, Fms. x. 20. sjávar-lopt, n. a house built aloft in the sea, Fms. vi. 162. sjávar-ríki, n. the kingdom of the sea, Bret. 6, Edda (pref.) sjávar-stjarna, u, f. the star of the sea, i. e. the Virgin Mary, ‘stella maris’, Mar. sjávar-stormr, m. a sea-storm, MS. 415. 9. sjávar-strönd, f. = sævarströnd, Edda i. 50.

γ. sjóvar-, often spelt sjófar-, mod. sjóar-: sjóvar-afli, a, m. sea-fishery, produce from the sea, Grett. 88 A; svipull sjóar afli, a saying, Hallgr. sjóvar-bakki, a, m. = sævarbakki, Fms. vii. 145. sjóvar-bryggja, u, f. a landing bridge, Fms. vi. 5. sjóvar-djúp, n. = sævardjúp, Str. 288. sjóvar-fall (sjóar-fall) = sævarfall, Rb. 438, Jb. 338. sjóvar-floti = sævar-floti, K. Á. 178. sjóvar-gangr (sjóar-gangr) = sævargangr, Bær. 5, Fms. xi. 6, Edda (pref.) sjóvar-háski = sjávarháski, Fas. ii. 112, Bs. i. 326, Stj. 27. sjóvar-hringr, m. the circle of the ocean, girding the earth, Rb. 466. sjóvar-lögr, m. sea-water, Stj. 242. sjóvar-ólga, u, f. the swell of the sea, Fas. ii. 378. sjóvar-sandr, m. sea-sand, Stj. sjóvar-skafl, m. (see skafl), Fas. ii. 76. sjóvar-skrimsl, n. a sea-monster, Sks. 86. sjóvar-stormr, m. = sjávarstormr, Stj. 287, Al. 99. sjóvar-straumr, m. a sea-current, Fs. 142. sjóvar-strönd (sjóar-strönd), = sævar-strönd, N. G. L. i. 345, Fms. x. 233, Stj. 288. sjóvar-sýn, f. an outlook at sea; þvíat eins at allgóð sé s., in bright weather only, Landn. 25 (v. l.), Stj. 288. sjóvar-urð, f. = sævarurð. sjóvar-vatn, n. sea-water, Stj. 287.

δ. sjóar-, passim in mod. usage.

B. PROPER COMPDS:

I. in pr. names, Sæ-björn, Sæ-mundr, Sæ-unn ( Sæ-uðr), Sæ-hildr; contr. in Sjólfr, qs. Sæ-úlfr, Landn.

II. sæ-borg, f. a sea-side town, Clem. 24, Fms. xi. 75; a sea-castle, sæborgir Birkibeina, i. e. their ships, ix. 221. sæ-brattr, adj. ‘sea-brent,’ steep towards the sea, Ísl. ii. 73, Bret. 90. sæ-bygð, f. a coast-land, Fms. iv. 116. sæ-byggjar, m. pl. coast-dwellers, Fms. viii. 404. sæ-dauðr, adj. dead at sea, drowned, Sdm. sæ-farar, f. pl. sea-faring; á hann (Njörð) skal heita til sæfara ok veiða, Edda; kenna menn til víga eðr sæfara, id.: hann hét á Þor til sjófara ok harðræða, Landn. 206. sæ-fari, a, m. a sea-farer: as adjective = sæhafi, Landn. 129, v. l.: for the sæfa in Orkn. 406 (v. l.). Grett. 88 A, read sæfara (sæa). sæ-fiskr, m. a sea-fish, Karl. 476. sæ-færr, adj. sea-worthy, Fms. iv. 246, Landn. 107: of weather, fit for sea-faring, veðr hvasst ok eigi sæfært, Eg. 482; hvern dag er sjófært var, Gísl. 47. sæ-föng, n. pl. stores from the sea; úáran, biluðu mönnum sáð ok sæföng, Bs. i. 137. sæ-garpr, m. a great sea-champion, Fb. iii. 446, Bárð. 169. sæ-hafi or sæ-hafa, adj. sea-tossed, driven out of one’s course; in the phrase, verða s., hann var s. til Hvítramanna-lands, Landn. 129, Bs. i. 675, Orkn. 406, Grág. i. 93, 217, ii. 410; kemr á andviðri ok verða þeir sæhafa at dalnum, Fbr. 68 (new Ed. 36 l. c. line 15 has wrongly ‘sækja’), Grett. 17 new Ed. Sæ-hrimnir, m. the name of the mythical boar whose flesh the heroes in Walhalla feed on, Gm., Edda. sæ-karl, m. a sea-carle, raftsman, Skálda 163. sæ-konungr, m., q. v. sæ-kykvendi, m. a sea-beast, Ver. 2, Skálda 170, Rb. 104. sæ-kyrra, u, f. a sea-calm, smooth sea, Orkn. 164. sæ-lið, n. service at sea, Ld. 142. sæ-lægja, u, f. a mist on the sea; þoka ok sælægjur, Orkn. 358. sæ-lægr, adj. lying on the sea, an epithet of a sea-mist; s. mjörkvi, Fms. vi. 261, viii. 178 (spelt sjálægr). sæ-naut, n. a sea-cow (fabulous); þjórr, ok var sænauta litr á hornunum, Vápn. 21, see Ísl. Þjóðs. i. 134. 135. sæ-nár, m., Grág. ii. 131, see nár. sæ-sjúkr, adj. sea-sick, Fb. iii. 427. sæ-tré, n. pl., poët. sea-trees, i. e. ships; hér eru vit Sigurðr á sætrjám, Skv. 2. 17; hann lá úti á sætrjám vetr ok varmt sumar, Fas. ii. 242. ☞ For the compds in sjá- and sjó- see pp. 534, 535.

Íslensk-ensk orðabók > SÆR
87 clausola

f clause

( riserva) proviso

* * *

clausola s.f.

1 (comm., dir.) clause, provision, term; ( condizione, riserva) provision, condition, reservation: inserire una clausola, to add (o to insert) a clause; secondo le clausole, under the terms // (dir.): clausola penale, penal (o penalty) clause; clausola addizionale, rider; clausola risolutiva, let-out (o resolutory) clause; clausola restrittiva, restrictive covenant; clausola di giurisdizione, competence clause; clausole contrattuali implicite, officious bystander clauses; clausola esonerativa, exception clause (o escape exception o waiver clause); clausola di tregua sindacale, no-strike clause; clausola esecutoria, execution of judgement order; clausola della nazione più favorita, most-favoured-nation clause; clausola di un contratto di matrimonio, marriage articles // (econ., fin.): clausola del salario equo, fair wages clause; clausola di adeguamento, wage-adjustment clause; clausola valuta, exchange clause; clausola di compensazione, set-off clause; clausola di indicizzazione, escalator clause; clausola di rimborso anticipato, prepayment clause; clausola oro, gold clause; clausola valutaria, currency clause // (mar.): clausola di avaria, average clause; clausola di idoneità al trasporto, cargo-worthy clause; clausola della polizza di carico, bill of lading clause; ( assicurazioni) clausola del valore stabilito, agreed valuation clause

2 (metrica) close, final line.

* * *
['klauzola]
sostantivo femminile clause, provision

* * *

clausola

/'klauzola/

sostantivo f.

clause, provision.

Dizionario Italiano-Inglese > clausola
88 prečasni

• honorable; most honourable; the very reverend; venerable; very reverend; worthy

Serbian-English dictionary > prečasni
89 условие

сущ.

condition; (положение договора, соглашения и т.п.) clause; provision; term; ( оговорка тж) proviso; stipulation

выполнять условие — to fulfil a condition

договариваться об условиях — to settle the terms

нарушать условия — (договора, соглашения и т.п.) to infringe (violate) the terms (and conditions) (of)

нарушать условия платежа — to infringe (violate) the terms of payment

обеспечивать благоприятные условия — ( для) to provide favourable conditions ( for)

пересматривать условия — (договора, соглашения и т.п.) to revise the terms (and conditions) (of)

принимать условия — to accept the terms; come (submit) to terms

соблюдать условия — (положения договора, соглашения и т.п.) to abide by (adhere to, keep to, observe) the provisions (of)

ставить условия — to make conditions (terms)

удовлетворять условия — to comply with (meet, satisfy) the conditions (terms) (of)

на льготных условиях — on easy (favourable, preferential) terms

на самых выгодных условиях — on the most favourable terms

на следующих условиях — subject to the following conditions

на тех же условиях — under the same conditions

на условиях взаимности — on conditions of reciprocity

при наличии указанных условий — under the afore-mentioned conditions

при соответствующих (определённых) условиях — under appropriate (certain) conditions

при условии, что — on condition that; provided that

с условием, что — ( с оговоркой) with a proviso that

изменение условий хранения — ( товара) changing the conditions of storage ( of goods)

нарушение условий — breach (violation) of conditions

сделка, совершённая под условием — deal (transaction) made on condition

создание условий, обеспечивающих достойную жизнь и свободное развитие человека — creating conditions for a worthy life and a free development of man

условия исполнения банком платёжного поручения — conditions for the bank's performance of a payment instruction (order, warrant)

условия и порядок пользования землёй — terms and rules for the use of land

условия, не подпадающие под установившуюся классификацию — innominate terms

вышеизложенные (указанные выше) условия — above-mentioned (afore-mentioned, afore-said, foregoing) conditions (terms)

- условия договора контракта
- условия договора
- условия жизни
- условия капитуляции
- условия найма
- условия об арбитраже
- условия освобождения под залог
- условия отгрузки
- условия платежа
- условия поставки
- условия продажи
- условия торговли
- условия труда
- условия уступки требования
- благоприятные условия
- взаимовыгодные условия
- договорные условия
- дополнительные условия
- жилищно-бытовые условия
- исключительные условия
- льготные условия
- надлежащие условия
- неблагоприятные условия
- необходимые условия
- неприемлемые условия
- общие условия
- объективные условия
- обычные условия
- обязательные условия
- ограничительные условия
- отлагательные условия
- отрицательные условия
- подразумеваемые условия
- предварительные условия
- простые условия
- противозаконные условия
- прочие условия
- прямо выраженные условия
- существенные условия
- типовые условия
- транспортные условия
- требуемые условия
- явно выраженные условия

Русско-английский юридический словарь > условие
90 animadverto

ănĭmadverto (archaic - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. [contr. from animum adverto, which orthography is very freq. in the anteclass. period; cf. adverto, II. B.] (scarcely found in any poet beside Ter. and Verg.), to direct the mind or attention to a thing, to attend to, give heed to, to take heed, consider, regard, observe.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
alios tuam rem credidisti magis quam tete animum advorsuros,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 3:
atque haec in bello plura et majora videntur timentibus, eadem non tam animadvertuntur in pace,
Cic. Div. 2, 27:
sed animadvertendum est diligenter, quae natura rerum sit,
id. Off. 2, 20, 69:
dignitas tua facit, ut animadvertatur quicquid facias,
id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 2.—With ut, to think of:
illud me non animadvertisse moleste ferrem, ut ascriberem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 5 (cf.:
animos advertere, ne,
Liv. 4, 45).—
B.
Esp., as t. t.
1.
Of the lictor, whose duty it was to give attention, to see, that the consul, when he appeared, should receive due homage (cf. Sen. Ep. 64; Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 23, and Smith, Dict. Antiq., s. v. lictor):
consul animadvertere proximum lictorem jussit,
Liv. 24, 44 fin. —
2.
Of the people, to whom the lictor gave orders to pay attention, to pay regard to:
consule theatrum introeunte, cum lictor animadverti ex more jussisset,
Suet. Caes. 80 Ruhnk.—
II.
Transf., as a consequence of attention.
A.
To remark, notice, observe, perceive, see (in a more general sense than above; the most usu. signif. of this word).
a.
With acc.:
Ecquid attendis? ecquid animadvertis horum silentium?
Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. med.:
his animadversis,
Verg. G. 2, 259; 3, 123 et saep.:
Equidem etiam illud animadverto, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37 Beier.:
nutrix animadvertit puerum dormientem circumplicatum serpentis amplexu,
id. Div. 1, 36, 79.—
b.
With acc. and inf.:
postquam id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:
qui non animadverterit innocentes illos natos, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 6, 3:
turrim conlucere animadvertit,
Tac. H. 3, 38.—
c.
With ind. quest.: quod quale sit, etiam in bestiis quibusdam animadverti potest, Cic.Am. 8, 27.—
B.
In a pregn. sense, to discern something, or, in gen., to apprehend, understand, comprehend, know (less freq. than the synn. cognoscere, intellegere, etc.):
boni seminis sues animadvertuntur a facie et progenie,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 4:
nonne animadvertis, quam multi effugerint?
Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:
ut adsint, cognoscant, animadvertant, quid de religione... existimandum sit,
id. ib. 1, 6, 14:
animadverti enim et didici ex tuis litteris te, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5.—
C.
To notice a wrong, to censure, blame, chastise, punish (cf. the Engl. phrase to attend to one, for to punish):
Ea primum ab illo animadvortenda injuriast,
deserves to be punished, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129 (animadvortenda = castiganda, vindicanda, Don.):
O facinus animadvortendum,
O crime worthy of punishment, id. ib. 4, 4, 28:
animadvertenda peccata,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40:
res a magistratibus animadvertenda,
id. Caecin. 12:
neque animadvertere neque vincire nisi sacerdotibus permissum = morte multare,
to punish with death, Tac. G. 7.—Esp. freq. in judicial proceedings as t. t., constr. with in aliquem: qui institueras [p. 122] animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:
imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent,
id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:
qui in alios animadvertisset indictā causā,
id. Fam. 5, 2; so Sall. C. 51, 21; Liv. 1, 26:
in Marcianum Icelum, ut in libertum, palam animadversum,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 68; 1, 85; 4, 49; Suet. Aug. 15; id. Tib. 61; id. Calig. 30; id. Galb. 20; Dig. 48, 19, 8 al.;
hence, effect for cause, animadverti,
to offend, be censurable, Cic. Or. 3, 12.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > animadverto
91 animadvorto

ănĭmadverto (archaic - vorto), ti, sum, 3, v. a. [contr. from animum adverto, which orthography is very freq. in the anteclass. period; cf. adverto, II. B.] (scarcely found in any poet beside Ter. and Verg.), to direct the mind or attention to a thing, to attend to, give heed to, to take heed, consider, regard, observe.
I.
Lit.
A.
In gen.:
alios tuam rem credidisti magis quam tete animum advorsuros,
Ter. Phorm. 3, 1, 3:
atque haec in bello plura et majora videntur timentibus, eadem non tam animadvertuntur in pace,
Cic. Div. 2, 27:
sed animadvertendum est diligenter, quae natura rerum sit,
id. Off. 2, 20, 69:
dignitas tua facit, ut animadvertatur quicquid facias,
id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 2.—With ut, to think of:
illud me non animadvertisse moleste ferrem, ut ascriberem, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 5, 20, 5 (cf.:
animos advertere, ne,
Liv. 4, 45).—
B.
Esp., as t. t.
1.
Of the lictor, whose duty it was to give attention, to see, that the consul, when he appeared, should receive due homage (cf. Sen. Ep. 64; Schwarz ad Plin. Pan. 23, and Smith, Dict. Antiq., s. v. lictor):
consul animadvertere proximum lictorem jussit,
Liv. 24, 44 fin. —
2.
Of the people, to whom the lictor gave orders to pay attention, to pay regard to:
consule theatrum introeunte, cum lictor animadverti ex more jussisset,
Suet. Caes. 80 Ruhnk.—
II.
Transf., as a consequence of attention.
A.
To remark, notice, observe, perceive, see (in a more general sense than above; the most usu. signif. of this word).
a.
With acc.:
Ecquid attendis? ecquid animadvertis horum silentium?
Cic. Cat. 1, 8, 20: utcumque animadversa aut existimata erunt, Liv. praef. med.:
his animadversis,
Verg. G. 2, 259; 3, 123 et saep.:
Equidem etiam illud animadverto, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37 Beier.:
nutrix animadvertit puerum dormientem circumplicatum serpentis amplexu,
id. Div. 1, 36, 79.—
b.
With acc. and inf.:
postquam id vos velle animum advorteram,
Ter. Phorm. 5, 8, 16:
qui non animadverterit innocentes illos natos, etc.,
Nep. Epam. 6, 3:
turrim conlucere animadvertit,
Tac. H. 3, 38.—
c.
With ind. quest.: quod quale sit, etiam in bestiis quibusdam animadverti potest, Cic.Am. 8, 27.—
B.
In a pregn. sense, to discern something, or, in gen., to apprehend, understand, comprehend, know (less freq. than the synn. cognoscere, intellegere, etc.):
boni seminis sues animadvertuntur a facie et progenie,
Varr. R. R. 2, 4, 4:
nonne animadvertis, quam multi effugerint?
Cic. N. D. 3, 37, 89:
ut adsint, cognoscant, animadvertant, quid de religione... existimandum sit,
id. ib. 1, 6, 14:
animadverti enim et didici ex tuis litteris te, etc.,
id. Fam. 3, 5.—
C.
To notice a wrong, to censure, blame, chastise, punish (cf. the Engl. phrase to attend to one, for to punish):
Ea primum ab illo animadvortenda injuriast,
deserves to be punished, Ter. And. 1, 1, 129 (animadvortenda = castiganda, vindicanda, Don.):
O facinus animadvortendum,
O crime worthy of punishment, id. ib. 4, 4, 28:
animadvertenda peccata,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 40:
res a magistratibus animadvertenda,
id. Caecin. 12:
neque animadvertere neque vincire nisi sacerdotibus permissum = morte multare,
to punish with death, Tac. G. 7.—Esp. freq. in judicial proceedings as t. t., constr. with in aliquem: qui institueras [p. 122] animadvertere in eos, Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 23:
imperiti, si in hunc animadvertissem, crudeliter et regie factum esse dicerent,
id. Cat. 1, 12, 30:
qui in alios animadvertisset indictā causā,
id. Fam. 5, 2; so Sall. C. 51, 21; Liv. 1, 26:
in Marcianum Icelum, ut in libertum, palam animadversum,
Tac. H. 1, 46; 1, 68; 1, 85; 4, 49; Suet. Aug. 15; id. Tib. 61; id. Calig. 30; id. Galb. 20; Dig. 48, 19, 8 al.;
hence, effect for cause, animadverti,
to offend, be censurable, Cic. Or. 3, 12.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > animadvorto
92 Augustus

1.
augustus, a, um, adj. [from augeo, as angustus from ango; v. augeo], originally belonging to the language of religion, majestic, august, venerable, worthy of honor (class. in prose and poetry; in Cic. mostly in connection with sanctus; never in Plaut., Ter., Lucr, or Hor.;
syn.: magnus, venerabilis, venerandus): sancta vocant augusta patres: augusta vocantur Templa, sacerdotum rite dicata manu,
Ov. F. 1, 609 sq.: Panta gar ta entimotaga kai ta hierôtata Augousta prosagoreuetai, Dio Cass. 53, 16: augurium, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 494 Vahl.): Cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant Faventiam, Att. ap. Non. p. 206, 1, and p. 357, 15 (Trag. Rel. p. 202 Rib.):
Eleusis sancta illa et augusta,
Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:
sanctus augustusque fons,
id. Tusc. 5, 12, 37:
Liber, qui augusta haec loca Cithaeronis colis, auct. inc., Trag. Rel. p. 268 Rib.: locus augustus,
Suet. Dom. 53:
templum,
Liv. 1, 29, 5; 42, 3, 6:
augustissimo et celeberrimo in templo,
id. 42, 12, 6:
fanum,
id. 38, 13, 1:
solum,
id. 45, 5, 3:
moenia,
Verg. A. 7, 153 (augurio consecrata, Serv.); so,
gravitas (caelestium),
Ov. M. 6, 73; 9, 270:
mens,
id. ib. 15, 145 et saep.— Transf. to other things (so most freq. after the Aug. per.):
tectum augustum, ingens,
Verg. A. 7, 170.—Of bees:
sedes,
Verg. G. 4, 228 (augustum: abusive, nobile, quasi majestatis plenum, Serv.): ut primordia urbium augustiora faciat, Liv. praef § 5: habitus formaque viri, id 1, 7, 9; so,
species,
id. 8, 6, 9:
conspectus,
id. 8, 9, 10:
ornatus habitusque,
id. 5, 41, 8:
augustissima vestis,
id. 5, 41, 2:
augustior currus,
Plin. Pan. 92, 5:
augustissimum tribunal,
id. ib. 60, 2 al.— Adv.: augustē, reverently, sacredly:
auguste sancteque consecrare,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62 auguste sancteque venerari, id. ib. 3, 21, 53.— Comp non quo de religione dici posset augustius, Cic. Brut. 21, 83.— Sup. prob. not in use
2.
Augustus, i, m. [1 augustus].
I.
A surname of Octavius Cœsar after he attained to undivided authority (acc. to Ov F 1, 590, after the year of Rome 727, Id. Jan.), and, after him, of all the Roman emperors; equivalent to Majesty or Imperial Majesty (cf. Suet. Aug. 7; Flor 4, 12 fin., Dio Cass. 53, 16: ex houper kai Sebaston auton kai hellênizontes pôs ôsper tina septon apo tou sebazesthai proseipon), Hor C, 1, 12; 4, 5; 4, 14; 4, 15; id. Ep. 2, 1 al.; Ov M 15, 860; id. F. 1, 590; 4, 676; 5, 567, Vulg. Luc. 2, 1; ib. Act. 25, 21; 25, 25 et saep.; later: semper Augustus, Symm Ep. 2, 30 al.— Hence,
II.
Adj.: Augustus, a, um, of or relating to Augustus or the emperor, Augustan, imperial caput, i. e. Augustus, Ov. M. 15, 869:
aures,
id. P 1, 2, 117 forum, id. ib. 4, 5, 10:
postes, id M 1, 562: domus,
id. P. 2, 2, 76: Principis augustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis, Juv 10, 93 Jahn (where Hermann reads angusta) pax, Ov. P. 2, 5, 18;
Vell 2, 126: cohors,
Vulg. Act. 27, 1 et saep.:
marmor (in Egypt),
Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 55 (cf Isid. Orig. 16, 5, 4;
Au gusteum): laurus, also called regia, the best species of it,
Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 129, 17, 10, 11, § 60: flcus, Macr S. 2, 16.—But esp Men. sis Augustus, the month of August, named after Augustus; earlier called Sextilis (cf Macr. S. 1, 12 fin., and Julius fin.), Juv 3, 9:
Katendae,
Col. 11, 12; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123 al.:
Idus,
Mart. 12, 68 et saep.—Augusta aula, i. e. Domitiani, Mart. 7, 40 historia, the history of the Roman emperors, Vop Tac. 10.—In gen., imperial, royal. ma. trem regis ex augusto deposuit imperio, * Vulg. 2 Par. 15, 16

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > Augustus
93 augustus

1.
augustus, a, um, adj. [from augeo, as angustus from ango; v. augeo], originally belonging to the language of religion, majestic, august, venerable, worthy of honor (class. in prose and poetry; in Cic. mostly in connection with sanctus; never in Plaut., Ter., Lucr, or Hor.;
syn.: magnus, venerabilis, venerandus): sancta vocant augusta patres: augusta vocantur Templa, sacerdotum rite dicata manu,
Ov. F. 1, 609 sq.: Panta gar ta entimotaga kai ta hierôtata Augousta prosagoreuetai, Dio Cass. 53, 16: augurium, Enn. ap. Varr. R. R. 3, 1, 2 (Ann. v. 494 Vahl.): Cives ominibus faustis augustam adhibeant Faventiam, Att. ap. Non. p. 206, 1, and p. 357, 15 (Trag. Rel. p. 202 Rib.):
Eleusis sancta illa et augusta,
Cic. N. D. 1, 42, 119:
sanctus augustusque fons,
id. Tusc. 5, 12, 37:
Liber, qui augusta haec loca Cithaeronis colis, auct. inc., Trag. Rel. p. 268 Rib.: locus augustus,
Suet. Dom. 53:
templum,
Liv. 1, 29, 5; 42, 3, 6:
augustissimo et celeberrimo in templo,
id. 42, 12, 6:
fanum,
id. 38, 13, 1:
solum,
id. 45, 5, 3:
moenia,
Verg. A. 7, 153 (augurio consecrata, Serv.); so,
gravitas (caelestium),
Ov. M. 6, 73; 9, 270:
mens,
id. ib. 15, 145 et saep.— Transf. to other things (so most freq. after the Aug. per.):
tectum augustum, ingens,
Verg. A. 7, 170.—Of bees:
sedes,
Verg. G. 4, 228 (augustum: abusive, nobile, quasi majestatis plenum, Serv.): ut primordia urbium augustiora faciat, Liv. praef § 5: habitus formaque viri, id 1, 7, 9; so,
species,
id. 8, 6, 9:
conspectus,
id. 8, 9, 10:
ornatus habitusque,
id. 5, 41, 8:
augustissima vestis,
id. 5, 41, 2:
augustior currus,
Plin. Pan. 92, 5:
augustissimum tribunal,
id. ib. 60, 2 al.— Adv.: augustē, reverently, sacredly:
auguste sancteque consecrare,
Cic. N. D. 2, 24, 62 auguste sancteque venerari, id. ib. 3, 21, 53.— Comp non quo de religione dici posset augustius, Cic. Brut. 21, 83.— Sup. prob. not in use
2.
Augustus, i, m. [1 augustus].
I.
A surname of Octavius Cœsar after he attained to undivided authority (acc. to Ov F 1, 590, after the year of Rome 727, Id. Jan.), and, after him, of all the Roman emperors; equivalent to Majesty or Imperial Majesty (cf. Suet. Aug. 7; Flor 4, 12 fin., Dio Cass. 53, 16: ex houper kai Sebaston auton kai hellênizontes pôs ôsper tina septon apo tou sebazesthai proseipon), Hor C, 1, 12; 4, 5; 4, 14; 4, 15; id. Ep. 2, 1 al.; Ov M 15, 860; id. F. 1, 590; 4, 676; 5, 567, Vulg. Luc. 2, 1; ib. Act. 25, 21; 25, 25 et saep.; later: semper Augustus, Symm Ep. 2, 30 al.— Hence,
II.
Adj.: Augustus, a, um, of or relating to Augustus or the emperor, Augustan, imperial caput, i. e. Augustus, Ov. M. 15, 869:
aures,
id. P 1, 2, 117 forum, id. ib. 4, 5, 10:
postes, id M 1, 562: domus,
id. P. 2, 2, 76: Principis augustā Caprearum in rupe sedentis, Juv 10, 93 Jahn (where Hermann reads angusta) pax, Ov. P. 2, 5, 18;
Vell 2, 126: cohors,
Vulg. Act. 27, 1 et saep.:
marmor (in Egypt),
Plin. 36, 7, 11, § 55 (cf Isid. Orig. 16, 5, 4;
Au gusteum): laurus, also called regia, the best species of it,
Plin. 15, 30, 39, § 129, 17, 10, 11, § 60: flcus, Macr S. 2, 16.—But esp Men. sis Augustus, the month of August, named after Augustus; earlier called Sextilis (cf Macr. S. 1, 12 fin., and Julius fin.), Juv 3, 9:
Katendae,
Col. 11, 12; Plin. 2, 47, 47, § 123 al.:
Idus,
Mart. 12, 68 et saep.—Augusta aula, i. e. Domitiani, Mart. 7, 40 historia, the history of the Roman emperors, Vop Tac. 10.—In gen., imperial, royal. ma. trem regis ex augusto deposuit imperio, * Vulg. 2 Par. 15, 16

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > augustus
94 circumspicio

circum-spĭcĭo, exi, ectum, 3 ( perf. sync. circumspexti, Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 55; inf. sync. circumspexe, Varr. ap. Non. p. 106, 16, or Sat. Men. 82), v. n. and a. (class.).
I.
Neutr., to look about one ' s self, to cast a look around; or, with an obj.-clause, to observe, see, look about:
circumspicedum, numquis est, Sermonem nostrum quiaucupet,
see whether there is any one, Plaut. Most. 2, 2, 41; 2, 2, 43; Ter. And. 2, 2, 20;
Varr. l. l.: suus conjux ubi sit circumspicit,
Ov. M. 1, 605:
circumspicere late,
Quint. 10, 3, 29:
num quid circumspexti?
Ter. Ad. 4, 5, 55:
diversi circumspiciunt,
Verg. A. 9, 416:
qui in auspicium adhibetur nec suspicit nec circumspicit,
Cic. Div. 2, 34, 72:
circumspicit, aestuat, of one in trouble or perplexity,
id. Rosc. Com. 14, 43; cf. Liv. 21, 22, 7.—
(β).
Sometimes circumspicere se, to look about one ' s self:
circumspicedum te, ne quis adsit arbiter,
Plaut. Trin. 1, 2, 109; Varr. ap. Non. p. 106, 16;
Auct. B. Afr. 47: numquamne te circumspicies?
Cic. Par. 4, 2, 30.—In partic., to look about one ' s self with haughtiness; to think highly of one ' s self:
usque eone te diligis et magnifice circumspicis?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 2, 5;
and trop. of language: Romanus sermo magis se circumspicit et aestimat praebetque aestimandum,
Sen. Ep. 40, 11.—
B.
Trop., to exercise foresight, be cautious, take heed:
esse circumspiciendum diligenter, ut, etc.,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 10: cui mandetis (rempublicam) circumspicite [p. 342] Sall. H. 2, 41, 10 Dietsch.—Esp. freq.,
II.
Act., to view on all sides, to survey:
cum sua quisque miles circumspiceret,
looked carefully to see, Caes. B. G. 5, 31; Liv. 9, 28, 5:
tam latā acie ne ex medio quidem cornua sua circumspicere poterant,
Liv. 37, 41, 4:
lucos,
Ov. M. 5, 265:
amictus,
to review, id. ib. 4, 318; so,
habitum suum,
Plin. Ep. 4, 11, 3; cf. under circumspectus, adv.—
2.
To descry, get sight of by looking around:
saxum circumspicit ingens,
Verg. A. 12, 896:
Athin,
Ov. M. 5, 72.—
B.
Transf., of things:
in latus omne patens turris circumspicit undas,
Ov. H. 6, 69.—
C.
Trop.
1.
To view something mentally, to survey, ponder upon, weigh, consider (syn.:
considero, perpendo): reliqua ejus consilia animo circumspiciebat,
Caes. B. G. 6, 5:
circumspicite paulisper mentibus vestris hosce ipsos homines,
Cic. Sull. 25, 70; cf.
se,
id. Par. 4, 2, 30:
neque temere consulem saltatorem vocare, sed circumspicere, quibus praeterea vitiis adfectum esse necesse sit eum, etc.,
id. Mur. 6, 13.—So with rel. -clause, Sall. H. 2, 41 Dietsch; Sen. Ep. 70, 5; Calp. Ecl. 5, 95:
circumspectis rebus omnibus rationibusque subductis summam feci,
Cic. Fam. 1, 9, 10:
permulta sunt in causis circumspicienda, ne quid offendas,
id. de Or. 2, 74, 301; id. Agr. 1, 8, 23; id. Fam. 5, 13, 3:
circumspicite celeriter animo, qui sint rerum exitus consecuti,
id. Leg. 2, 17, 42:
vide, quaere, circumspice, si quis est forte ex eā provinciā qui te nolit perisse,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 77, § 180; id. Clu. 53, 147; id. Cat. 4, 2, 4; Liv. 23, 20, 6; cf. Tac. H. 2, 6; Suet. Aug. 63.—With ut and subj., Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 3, § 10; Ov. Tr. 1, 1, 87:
cum circumspicerent Patres quosnam consules facerent,
Liv. 27, 34, 1.—
2.
To look about for something with desire, to seek for, etc. (so mostly since the Aug. per.):
nec, sicut aestivas aves, statim auctumno tecta ac recessum circumspicere,
Liv. 5, 6, 2; 7, 14, 6:
externa auxilia,
id. 1, 30, 6; cf. Just. 22, 5, 4:
fugam,
Tac. A. 14, 35; Just. 2, 12, 26:
novas belli causas,
id. 31, 1, 8; Verg. G. 3, 390; Plin. Ep. 3, 3, 3:
peregrinos reges sibi,
Just. 40, 1, 1; 22, 5, 4:
viresque suas circumspectantes his validiores,
Amm. 22, 8, 18.—Hence, circumspectus, a, um, P. a.
A.
Of things, weighed with care, well considered, guarded, circumspect (perh. not ante - Aug.):
verba non circumspecta,
Ov. F. 5, 539:
judicium,
Quint. 10, 1, 26:
interrogatio,
id. 5, 7, 31:
moderatio animi,
Val. Max. 4, 3, 4:
circumspectissima sanctio decreti,
id. 1, 1, 20.—
2.
Transf. to the person who carefully weighs a thing, circumspect, considerate, cautious, wary, provident, heedful:
modo circumspectus et sagax, modo inconsultus et praeceps,
Suet. Claud. 15:
circumspectissimus et prudentissimus princeps,
id. Tib. 21:
tenues et circumspecti,
Quint. 12, 10, 23; Cels. 3, 9 fin.:
omnes,
Col. 1, 8, 16; 1, 7, 12:
sive aliquis circumspectior est,
Sen. Q. N. 5, 1, 5.—Of dogs:
assidui et circumspecti magis quam temeraril,
Col. 7, 12, 5.—
B.
In late Lat., worthy of consideration, respected, distinguished:
circumspectum et verecundum nomen populi Romani,
Amm. 14, 6, 6:
colores,
id. 28, 4, 12:
circumspectus genere, famā potentiāque,
id. 18, 10, 1.—Hence, circumspectē, adv., with consideration, with mature deliberation, warily, cautiously, considerately, circumspectly, etc.:
circumspecte compositeque indutus et amictus,
Gell. 1, 5, 2 (cf. supra, II. D.):
circumspecte vestiti,
Amm. 27, 3, 14:
circumspecte facti versus,
Gell. 9, 10, 6:
facere aliquid,
Dig. 4, 4, 7, § 8: parcius et circumspectius faciendum est, * Quint. 9, 2, 69:
circumspectius donare, eligere eos, in quos merita conferantur,
Sen. Ben. 3, 14, 1.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > circumspicio
95 confirmo

con-firmo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. a., to make firm, establish, strengthen, confirm (class., esp. in prose).
I.
In gen. (prop. and trop.):
stipites confirmare et stabilire,
Caes. B. G. 7, 73:
ali hōc vires nervosque confirmari putant,
id. ib. 6, 21:
dentis mobilis,
Plin. 28, 11, 49, § 178; cf. Scrib. Comp. 57; 59 sq.:
confirmare et densare defluentem capillum,
Plin. 25, 11, 83, § 132:
crus debile,
Suet. Vesp. 7; cf. id. Aug. 80:
maxime religando confirmant parietum soliditatem,
Vitr. 2, 8, 7:
castellum magnis munitionibus multisque tormentis, Auct. B. Alex. 21, 5: intestina,
i. e. to heal, cure, Cels. 4, 19:
cicatriculam,
id. 2, 10 fin.: se, to recover physically, to grow well (corresp. with convalescere), Cic. Fam. 16, 1, 2; 16, 3, 1; 16, 4, 4; 16, 1, 1.— Transf., of the vine, Col. 4, 3, 4:
valetudinem,
Cic. Att. 10, 17, 2:
pacem et amicitiam cum proximis civitatibus,
Caes. B. G. 1, 3; cf.:
confirmare societatem datā ac acceptā fide,
Sall. C. 44, 3:
opes factionis,
id. ib. 32, 2; cf.:
viris suas,
Vell. 2, 44, 2:
suam manum,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 24:
se transmarinis auxiliis,
Caes. B. C. 1, 29:
conjurationem,
Nep. Dion, 8, 3:
regnum Persarum,
id. Milt. 3, 5; so,
regnum,
Suet. Caes. 9:
imperium,
id. Vit. 9:
decreta,
to confirm, Nep. Phoc. 3, 2:
acta Caesaris,
Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 12:
acta alicujus in transmarinis provinciis,
Vell. 2, 44, 2:
beneficia edicto,
Suet. Tit. 8:
provinciam a Caesare datam,
id. Aug. 10.—
II.
Esp.
A.
To confirm or strengthen courage, to instil courage into one, to encourage, inspirit, animate, embolden:
animum meum,
to take heart, take courage, Plaut. Aul. 2, 8, 1:
animum sapientissimi hominis,
Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2; id. Quint. 24, 77:
maximi animi hominem,
id. ib. 4, 8, 1:
animos ratione,
Lucr. 1, 426:
confirmare et excitare afflictos animos bonorum,
Cic. Att. 1, 16, 8:
animos Gallorum verbis,
Caes. B. G. 1, 33; Sall. C. 46, 3:
vacillantium gentium animos,
Vell. 2, 120, 1:
suos ad dimicandum animo,
Caes. B. G. 5, 49:
milites,
id. ib. 5, 52:
timentes,
id. ib. 7, 7; cf.:
diffidentem rebus suis,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 23:
territos,
Sall. J. 38, 5:
perterritos,
Suet. Caes. 66; id. Aug. 43:
Massilienses obsidione laborantes adventu suo,
id. Ner. 2:
animum suum ad virtutem,
Auct. Her. 4, 22, 31 Klotz (al. conformavit):
nepotem suum ad successionem imperii,
Suet. Tib. 55 fin.:
nunc erige te et confirma,
take courage, Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 3, 5:
cum ipse te confirmasses,
hast acquired courage, id. Quint. 11, 39; cf.:
confirmant ipsi se,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95; Caes. B. G. 2, 19; id. B. C. 1, 14 al.:
eos multa pollicendo confirmat, uti Romam pergerent,
Sall. J. 23, 2:
alius alium confirmare, ne nomina darent,
Liv. 2, 24, 2.— Aliquem alicui rei: gladiatores Lentulus libertati confirmat, encourages them to freedom, i. e. incites them to make themselves worthy of freedom, Caes. B. C. 1, 14, 4 dub. (Dinter and Kraner:
spe libertatis).—With abstr. objects: reliqui temporis spem,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 22, 71:
spem alicujus,
Suet. Calig. 12:
suspitionem,
id. Tib. 52; cf.:
sensus rectus et confirmatus,
Cic. Fam. 1, 8, 2.—
B.
To confirm one in his disposition or feelings, in his fidelity (rare):
insulas bene animatas,
Nep. Cim. 2, 4:
homines,
Caes. B. C. 1, 15:
Gallias,
Vell. 2, 120.—
C.
To confirm, give full assurance of, a fact, corroborate an assertion, settle, fix, establish, to prove, demonstrate the truth of a thing, etc. (very freq.):
confirmare nostra argumentis ac rationibus, deinde contraria refutare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 19, 80;
so opp. refutare,
Quint. 5, prooem. § 2; 5, 13, 53; cf.
opp. refellere,
id. 3, 9, 6; 12, 1, 45;
opp. diluere,
id. 9, 2, 80:
confirmare aut infirmare rem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 30, 49:
divinationem,
id. Div. 1, 32, 71; cf. id. ib. 2, 32, 78:
quorum omnium testimoniis de hac Dionis pecuniā confirmatum est,
id. Verr. 2, 2, 8, § 23:
crimen commenticium,
id. Rosc. Am. 15, 42:
haec istius vituperatio atque infamia confirmabatur eorum sermone, qui, etc.,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 38, § 101:
perjurium,
id. ib. 2, 4, 9, §
19: iste locus est tibi etiam atque etiam confirmandus,
id. Fin. 5, 32, 95:
his rebus confirmatis,
Caes. B. G. 6, 6 Kraner ad loc. —With acc. and inf., Lucr. 2, 185; cf. id. 2, [p. 415] 179; 5, 198.— Pass. impers., with ne:
sanctissimo jurejurando confirmari oportere, ne tecto recipiatur, qui non, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 7, 66 fin.:
hoc idem visum esse ex superioribus castellis confirmaverunt,
id. B. C. 3, 67; cf.:
hoc ex ipsis caeli rationibus ausim Confirmare, nequaquam esse creatam, etc.,
Lucr. 2, 179.—Hence,
2.
To assert, affirm, protest something as true or certain; constr. with acc., acc. and inf., or de:
hoc cum mihi non modo confirmasset, sed etiam persuasisset,
Cic. Att. 16, 5, 2:
talem exsistere eloquentiam non potuisse confirmo,
id. de Or. 2, 2, 6.—So with acc. and inf., Cic. Verr. 1, 17, 50; cf.:
illud se polliceri et jurejurando confirmare, tutum iter per fines suos daturum,
Caes. B. G. 5, 27:
confirmare, fidem publicam per sese inviolatam fore,
Sall. J. 33, 3:
memini me audire te de glorioso et celeri reditu meo confirmare,
Cic. Fam. 6, 6, 2.—So with de, Cic. Fam. 3, 10, 1; id. Arch. 7, 15.—Hence, confirmātus, a, um, P. a.
A.
(In acc. with II. A.) Encouraged, courageous, resolute:
animus certus et confirmatus,
Cic. Quint. 24, 77; so,
sensus rectus et confirmatus,
id. Fam. 1, 8, 2:
confirmatiorem exercitum efficere,
Caes. B. C. 3, 84.—
B.
(Acc. to II. C.) Asserted, affirmed:
in quibus (litteris) erat confirmatius idem illud, etc.,
Cic. Att. 10, 15, 1.—
C.
(Proved; hence,) Certain, credible:
quod eo confirmatius erit, si, etc.,
Cic. Inv. 2, 11, 35: fides confirmatissima, most fixed, Porph. ad Hor. S. 1, 5, 27.—

* Adv.: confirmātē (in acc. with I.), firmly, Auct. Her. 4, 11, 16.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > confirmo
96 idoneus

ĭdōnĕus, a, um, adj. [Sanscr. root indh-, idh-, to kindle; prop. bright, conspicuous; cf. Idus], fit for something (esp. for an action), meet, proper, becoming, suitable, apt, capable, convenient, sufficient (of persons and things; class. and very freq. in prose and poetry; syn.: aptus, opportunus); constr. most commonly with ad, qui, the dat., or absol.; less freq. with in aliquid, the abl., or the inf.
(α).
With ad:
tot quidem non potuisti adducere homines magis ad hanc rem idoneos, etc.,
Plaut. Poen. 3, 2, 6:
non essem ad ullam causam idoneus, judices, si hoc non viderem,
Cic. Clu. 6, 17:
ad amicitiam esse idoneus,
id. Lael. 17, 62:
loco pro castris ad aciem instruendam opportuno atque idoneo,
Caes. B. G. 2, 8, 3:
cum statim auditoris animum nobis idoneum reddimus ad audiendum,
Auct. Her. 1, 4, 6:
est enim (lex) ratio mensque sapientis, ad jubendum et ad deterrendum idonea,
Cic. Leg. 2, 4, 8:
scientia opportunitatis idoneorum ad agendum temporum,
id. Off. 1, 40, 142:
ad captandos lacertos tempestates non sunt idoneae,
id. Att. 2, 6, 1:
consilia idonea ad hoc nostrum negotium,
id. ib. 5, 6, 1 al.—
(β).
With qui, or a rel. adverb:
video hercle ego te me arbitrari, Euclio, hominem idoneum, Quem senecta aetate ludos facias,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 74; cf. Ter. And. 3, 2, 12; 4, 4, 18:
utrum ille (Pompeius) idoneus non est, qui impetret, etc.,
Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 19, 57:
tibi fortasse idoneus fuit nemo, quem imitarere,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 41:
idonea mihi Laelii persona visa est, quae de amicitia dissereret,
id. Lael. 1, 4:
et rem idoneam, de qua quaeratur, et homines dignos, quibuscum disseratur, putant,
id. Ac. 2, 6, 18:
nequeo mearum rerum initium ullum invenire idoneum, Unde exordiar narrare, quae, etc.,
Ter. Hec. 3, 3, 1.—
(γ).
With dat.:
erit alius (discipulus) historiae magis idoneus,
Quint. 2, 8, 7; 12, 10, 49:
idoneus arti Cuilibet,
Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 8:
non sat idoneus Pugnae ferebaris,
id. C. 2, 19, 26:
vixi puellis nuper idoneus,
id. ib. 3, 26, 1:
cum idoneos rhetori pueros putaverunt,
Quint. 2, 3, 1:
Falernum mihi semper idoneum visum est deversorio,
Cic. Fam. 6, 19, 1:
castris idoneum locum deligit,
Caes. B. G. 6, 10, 2; 7, 35, 4:
ad cibos viribus conservandis idoneos redeunt,
Quint. 2, 10, 6:
(volunt poëtae) simul et jucunda et idonea dicere vitae,
Hor. A. P. 334: metuensque futuri In pace, ut sapiens, aptarit idonea bello, id. S. 2, 2, 111:
ut patriae sit idoneus,
serviceable, Juv. 14, 71.—With dat. gerundi (post-Aug.):
Julius, qui perferendis militum mandatis habebatur idoneus,
Tac. A. 1, 23 fin. —
(δ).
Absol.:
cujus (Cethegi) eloquentiae est auctor, et idoneus quidem mea sententia, Q. Ennius, etc.,
a proper, sufficient voucher, Cic. Brut. 15, 57:
auctor,
Quint. 1, 4, 20; 2, 4, 42:
qui si adductus gratia minus idoneum hominem praemio affecisset, etc.,
i. e. deserving, worthy, Cic. Balb. 3, 7; cf. id. Off. 2, 15, 54:
idoneus suae rei quisque defensor,
Quint. 4, 1, 46:
imperator,
id. 12, 3, 5:
juvenis,
id. 10, 5, 21: debitor, safe, able to pay (opp. inops), Dig. 4, 4, 27 fin.; so,
tutor,
ib. 26, 1, 9; 27, 8, 1:
homines,
ib. 35, 2, 88; cf. Sen. Ben. 4, 39:
servi conscii, tempus idoneum, locus opportune captus ad eam rem,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:
tempora,
Quint. 12, 11, 18; cf.:
lex promulgata idoneo die,
id. 2, 4, 35:
minus idoneis (verbis) uti,
Cic. de Or. 1, 34, 154; cf.:
aptum atque idoneum verbum,
Quint. 9, 4, 144:
vox actoris,
id. 12, 7, 1:
lectio,
id. ib. 8 praef. §
28: cautio,
Dig. 40, 4, 50:
paries,
safe, sound, ib. 39, 2, 36:
navis,
ib. 19, 2, 13:
pignora,
sufficient, satisfactory, ib. 22, 1, 33.— Comp. (post-class.):
si persona idoneior accedat ad emptionem,
Dig. 18, 2, 4, § 6; cf. ib. 47, 23, 2; 43, 29, 3; 50, 6, 5 fin.; Tert. adv. Herm. 18; Anim. 18 (al. idonior or idoneor). — Subst.:
in deligendis idoneis judicium et diligentiam adhibere,
Cic. Off. 2, 18, 62:
cum idoneis collocutus,
Liv. 34, 25, 7:
nullo idoneo respondente,
Suet. Ner. 44; Quint. 7, 4, 39:
novum illud exemplum a dignis et idoneis ad indignos et non idoneos transfertur,
Sall. C. 51, 27:
per idoneos et secreti ejus socios,
Tac. A. 2, 39:
apud idonea provinciarum,
i. e. at proper stations, id. ib. 4, 5.—
(ε).
With in and acc.:
infirmi et in nullam spem idonei,
Sen. Contr. 5, 33:
componere materias in hoc idoneas, ut, etc.,
Quint. 6, 3, 15.—
* (ζ).
With abl. (like dignus):
res idoneas dignitate suā judicare,
Auct. Her. 3, 3, 5.—
(η).
With inf. ( poet. and postclass.):
fons etiam rivo dare nomen idoneus,
i. e. large enough, Hor. Ep. 1, 16, 12:
si torrere jecur quaeris idoneum,
id. C. 4, 1, 12:
accendi idonea,
Sen. N. Q. 1, 15, 1.— Comp.:
idoneor (late Lat.),
Dig. 18, 2, 4, § 6; 47, 23, 2; Tert. adv. Herm. 18; id. de Anim. 18.—Hence, adv.: ĭdōnĕē, fitly, suitably, properly, duly, sufficiently (very rare):
exordium est oratio animum auditoris idonee comparans ad reliquam dictionem,
Cic. Inv. 1, 15, 20:
ergo cavendum est idonee. Quid est idonee? Satisdato utique aut pignoribus datis,
enough, Dig. 40, 5, 4:
cavere,
ib. 5, 3, 41; 27, 8, 1:
magis idonee reficere parietem,
more safely, solidly, ib. 39, 2, 41.— Comp.:
idonius,
Tert. Pall. 3 med.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > idoneus
97 modo

mŏdŏ (scanned mŏdō, Plaut. Ps. 2, 3, 23; Lucr. 2, 11, 35; Cic. poët. N. D. 2, 42, 107; v. Corss. Ausspr. 2, p. 480; Lachm. ad Lucr. 2, p. 140), adv. [orig. abl. of modus, q. v.].
I.
Qs., by measure, expressing, like tantum, a restriction of the idea, only, merely, but.
A.
In gen.
1.
Affirmatively: ter sub armis malim vitam cernere, Quam semel modo parere, even once, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 6, § 81 Müll. (Trag. v. 298 Vahl.):
semel modo,
only once, Plaut. Poen. 1, 3, 30:
uni modo gessi morem,
id. Most. 1, 3, 43:
hoc autem si ita sit, ut unum modo sensibus falsum videatur, etc.,
Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 101; cf.:
quorum genera plura sunt: hi unum modo quale sit suspicantur,
id. Or. 9, 28:
nec audiendi quidam, qui tres modo primas esse partes volunt,
Quint. 3, 3, 4:
paulum modo,
Cic. Fam. 1, 5, b, 2; Varr. ap. Gell. 13, 15:
perpauxillum modo,
Plaut. Capt. 1, 2, 74; cf.:
manus erat nulla, quae parvam modo causam timoris afferret,
Caes. B. G. 6, 35, 3:
quae pacisci modo scis, sed quod pacta es, non scis solvere,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 88:
ad ornandam modo, non augendam orationem assumuntur,
Quint. 8, 6, 39; cf. Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:
solere modo non etiam oportere,
id. Off. 3, 4, 18:
doctrina ac litterae secundis rebus delectationem modo habere videbantur, nunc vero etiam salutem,
id. Fam. 6, 12, 5:
circi modo spectaculum fuerat,
Liv. 7, 2: modo facito ut illam serves, only see that, etc., Ter. Ad. 5, 3, 59:
modo fac, ne quid aliud cures, etc.,
Cic. Fam. 16, 11, 1:
aetatem velim servire, Libanum ut conveniam modo,
if I can only, Plaut. As. 2, 2, 8:
modo ut tacere possis,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 9; cf.:
concede, ut impune emerit, modo ut bonā ratione emerit,
if but. provided that, Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 5, § 10:
modo ut haec nobis loca tenere liceat,
id. Fam. 14, 14, 1.— For the expressions dummodo, solummodo, and tantummodo, v. dum, solum, and tantum.—
2.
Negatively: non modo... sed (verum) etiam (et, or simply sed), not only... but also:
ut non modo secunda sperare debeas, sed etiam adversa fortissimo animo ferre,
Cic. Fam. 6, 13, 5:
non modo agendo, verum etiam cogitando,
id. Cael. 19, 45:
illum non modo favisse, sed et, etc.,
id. Att. 11, 9, 2:
non modo falsum id esse, sed hoc verissimum,
id. Rep. 2, 44, 71.— As to these expressions, and also respecting the omission of a second non in the latter clause, v. under sed and non.—
B.
In partic., in restrictive clauses, for ullo or aliquo modo, in any way or degree, at all, only, even:
servus est nemo, qui modo tolerabili conditione sit servitutis, qui, etc.,
who is in any tolerable condition, Cic. Cat. 4, 8, 16; cf.:
quamquam quis ignorat, qui modo umquam mediocriter res istas scire curavit, quin, etc.,
id. Fl. 27, 64; and:
quis est omnium, qui modo cum Musis habeat aliquod commercium, qui? etc.,
id. Tusc. 5, 23, 66:
nemo aliter philosophus sensit, in quo modo esset auctoritas,
id. Div. 1, 39, 86; cf.: servitus, honorifica modo, Brut. ap. Cic. ad Brut. 1, 17, 4:
tum quam plurimis modo dignis, se utilem praebent,
be they but worthy, Cic. Off. 1, 26, 92:
bonis viris... faciendum est, modo pro facultatibus,
id. ib. 2, 17, 58:
decerne, modo recte,
id. Rosc. Am. 48, 138:
itaque veniam, quo vocas, modo adjutore te,
id. Att. 16, 13, a, 1:
atque utinam posset aliquā ratione hoc crimen quamvis falsa, modo humana atque usitata defendere,
if only, id. Verr. 2, 3, 97, § 224.—
b.
Si modo, if only (freq.):
tu si modo es Romae: vix enim puto, sin es, hoc vehementer animadvertas velim,
Cic. Att. 5, 8, 2:
tute scis (si modo meministi) me tibi tum dixisse, etc.,
id. ib. 12, 18, 2:
fortasse vici, si modo permansero,
id. ib. 12, 44, 3.— Poet. with subj.:
si modo sola queant saxa tenere fidem,
Prop. 1, 18, 4.—
c.
Poet. and in jurid. Latin, modo si, for dummodo, if only, provided that:
persequar inferius, modo si licet ordine ferri,
Ov. Tr. 2, 263:
modo si ejus nomine opus fiat,
Dig. 39, 1, 18; 26, 2, 28; 19, 2, 19, § 10.—
d.
As a conjunction with subj., for dummodo, if only, provided that (freq. and class.):
quos valetudo modo bona sit, tenuitas ipsa delectat,
Cic. Brut. 16, 64; id. Or. 9, 28:
manent ingenia senibus, modo permaneat studium et industria,
id. Sen. 7, 22; Quint. 10, 1, 131:
modo Juppiter adsit, Tertia lux classem Cretaeis sistet in oris,
Verg. A. 3, 116.—So, modo ne for dummodo ne, if only not, provided that not:
quae de Sicinio audīsti, ea mihi probantur: modo ne illa exceptio in aliquem incurrat bene de nobis meritum,
Cic. Att. 5, 4, 3:
si quis est paulo ad voluptates propensior, modo ne sit ex pecudum genere, etc.,
id. Off. 1, 30, 105; id. Ac. 2, 43, 132.—
2.
Modo non, like the Gr. monon ouchi, all but, almost, nearly, = propemodum (ante- and post-class.):
modo non montes auri pollicens,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 17 Don.:
favet Fabi gloriae, quae modo non suā contumeliā splendeat,
Liv. 10, 24, 11:
pictor equum venientem, modo non vivum, comprehenderat,
Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 7:
modo non reclamante publico vigore,
Amm. 14, 7, 1; 16, 12, 16; 21, 14, 1; 22, 6, 2 al.—
3.
In colloq. lang. with imperatives, just, now, only:
sequere hac modo,
Plaut. Men. 4, 1, 4:
sedete hic modo,
id. Rud. 3, 3, 29:
propera modo,
id. Men. 1, 4, 32:
vide modo,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 14, 46:
ignem scrutare modo, inquam,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 276.—Indignantly:
quin tu i modo,
begone now, Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 182; so,
i modo,
id. Stich. 3, 2, 23:
tace modo,
be still now, id. As. 5, 2, 19.—With tu or vos ( poet. and post-class.):
tu modo, dum licet, hunc fructum ne desere vitae,
Prop. 2, 15, 49; Verg. G. 3, 73:
tu modo posce deos veniam,
id. A. 4, 50:
vos modo, inquit, parcite,
Phaedr. 2, 8, 8; Curt. 9, 6, 24; 9, 2, 25.
II.
With specifications of time, like Gr. arti (reaching to the full measure of the time, fully).
A.
In gen.
1.
Of the pressent time, just now, just (ante-class. and poet.):
quid? ego modo huic frater factus, dum intro eo atque exeo?
just now? Plaut. Ep. 5, 1, 43:
modo dolores, meatu, occipiunt,
Ter. Ad. 3, 1, 2 (evidenter hic modo temporis praesentis adverbium est, Don.):
advenis modo,
id. Hec. 3, 5, 8 Don.:
devoravi nomen imprudens modo,
Plaut. Trin. 4, 2, 63:
jam modo nunc possum contentus vivere parvo,
Tib. 1, 1, 25; cf.:
peccare fuisset Ante satis, penitus modo nunc genus omne perosos Femineum,
Verg. A. 9, 141.—
2.
Of time just passed, just now, but this moment, a little while ago, lately (class.):
nuper homines nobiles hujusmodi, judices, et quid dico nuper? immo vero modo ac plane paulo ante vidimus, qui, etc.,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 3, § 7: Al. Ita uti dudum dixeras? Am. Dudum? quam dudum istuc factum est? Al. Temptas:
jam dudum, pridem, modo,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 60: Ph. Quando? Do. Hodie. Ph. Quamdudum? Do. Modo, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 30:
sum illi villae amicior modo factus,
Cic. Leg. 2, 2, 4:
quaeras putemne talem esse deorum naturam, qualis modo a te sit exposita,
id. N. D. 1, 21, 57:
declaravit id modo temeritas C. Caesaris,
id. Off. 1, 8, 26:
modo hoc malum in rem publicam invasit,
id. ib. 2, 21, 75:
si hodie bella sint, quale Gallicum modo (i. e. twenty-two years earlier),
Liv. 6, 40, 17; cf. id. 22, 14, 13; Cic. Div. 1, 44, 99.—Opp. to nunc: qui nunc primum te advenisse dicas, [p. 1156] modo qui hinc abieris, Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 63:
in quā urbe modo gratiā, auctoritate, gloriā floruimus, in eā nunc iis quidem omnibus caremus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 13, 2; id. Mur. 40, 86; 41, 88; Prop. 1, 18, 7.—With tunc, Tac. A. 2, 75.—
3.
Of time just to come, immediately, directly, in a moment (rare, and perh. not in Cic.):
domum modo ibo,
Ter. And. 3, 4, 15; Liv. 26, 15:
Artabanus tardari metu, modo cupidine vindictae inardescere,
Tac. A. 6, 32; 4, 50.—
B.
In partic.
1.
Modo... modo, now... now, at one moment... at another, sometimes... sometimes (class.):
modo ait, modo negat,
sometimes he says Yes, and sometimes No, Ter. Eun. 4, 4, 46:
Cotta meus modo hoc, modo illud,
Cic. N. D. 1, 18, 47; id. Div. 2, 44, 93:
modo his, modo illis ex partibus,
id. N. D. 2, 19, 49:
o Academiam volaticam et sui similem, modo huc, modo illuc!
id. Att. 13, 25, 3:
citus modo, modo tardus incessus,
Sall. C. 15, 5:
laetos modo, modo pavidos animadverteres,
id. J. 60, 4:
nebulonem modo, modo nugatorem appellat,
Liv. 38, 56.—Instead of modo... modo, we sometimes find:
nunc... modo: nunc quereretur eundem accusatorem ac judicem esse, modo vitam sibi eripi, etc.,
Liv. 8, 32, 9.—Again, instead of the second modo (esp. in poets and in post-Aug. prose writers), we find:
nunc aliquando, interdum, nonnumquam, saepe, rursus.—So, modo... nunc,
Ov. M. 13, 922; id. F. 4, 643; id. Tr. 1, 2, 27:
modo ut reciperet imperium, nunc ut legatione fungeretur,
Tac. H. 2, 51:
modo... aliquando,
id. A. 1, 81; 6, 35; 11, 34; 16, 10; id. H. 2, 74:
modo... interdum,
Sall. J. 42, 1; 55, 9; 62, 9 Kritz.; 74, 1; Hor. S. 1, 9, 9 et saep.:
modo... nonnumquam,
Suet. Tib. 66; id. Claud. 15; id. Calig. 52:
modo... saepe,
Hor. S. 1, 10, 11:
modo... modo... saepe,
Sall. J. 45, 2; Tac. H. 4, 84:
modo... rursus,
Prop. 1, 3, 41.—
2.
Modo... tum (deinde, postea, etc.), at first... then, at one time... at another:
sol modo accedens, tum autem recedens,
Cic. N. D. 2, 40, 102:
(Xenophon) facit Socratem disputantem... et modo unum, tum autem plures deos,
id. ib. 1, 12, 31:
et modo mundum, tum mentem divinam esse putat,
id. ib. 1, 13, 34; cf.:
modo (Theophrastus) menti divinum tribuit principatum, modo caelo, tum autem signis sideribusque caelestibus,
id. ib. 1, 13, 35:
et forte in eo loco grandis ilex coaluerat inter saxa paulum modo prona, deinde flexa, etc.,
Sall. J. 93, 4:
modo... paulo post,
Val. Max. 7, 4, 5:
modo... modo... postremum,
Tac. H. 4, 46:
quid agerent, modo timentes, vicissim contemnentes religiones,
Cic. Leg. 2, 17, 43.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > modo
98 verbero

1.
verbĕro, āvi, ātum, 1 (old form verberit for verberarit, Fest. p. 230, 15 e leg. Serv. ad Tull.; inf. verberarier, Plaut. As. 2, 3, 7; id. Most. 3, 1, 92), v. a. [verber], to lash, scourge, whip, flog, beat, drub (class.; syn.: ferio, pulso).
I.
Lit.: So. Sum obtusus pugnis pessume. Am. Quis te verberavit? Plaut. Am. 2, 1, 60:
pulsare verberareque homines,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 142; so (with pulsare) id. ib. 2, 3, 26, §
66: civem Romanum,
id. Rep. 2, 31, 54:
matrem,
id. Vatin. 5, 11; cf.:
parentem, servum injuriā,
id. Fin. 4, 27, 76:
oculos virgis,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 43, § 112:
laterum costas ense,
Ov. M. 4, 727; Mart. 7, 94, 6; Dig. 47, 10, 5 proöem.— Absol.:
quo firme verberaturi insisterent,
Suet. Calig. 26:
caudā verberando excutere cibum,
Plin. 32, 2, 5, § 12. —Prov.:
noli verberare lapidem, ne perdas manum,
Plaut. Curc. 1, 3, 41.—
b.
Transf., of inanimate things, to beat, strike, lash, knock, etc.:
locum coaequato et paviculis verberato,
Cato, R. R. 91:
tormentis Mutinam verberavit,
Cic. Phil. 8, 7, 20:
aquila aethera verberat alis,
Verg. A. 11, 756:
verberat ictibus auras,
id. ib. 5, 377:
fundā amnem,
id. G. 1, 141; cf.:
sidera (unda),
id. A. 3, 423:
agros nive (Juppiter),
Stat. Th. 5, 390:
undas (Aufidus),
to lash, Luc. 2, 407; cf.:
navem (Auster),
Hor. Epod. 10, 3:
puppim (Eurus),
Val. Fl. 1, 639.—In a comic pun, Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 177.—
II.
Trop., to lash, chastise, plague, torment, harass with words:
aliquem verbis,
Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 17:
ne me ut surdo verbera aures,
id. Mil. 4, 1, 204:
senatus convicio verberari,
Cic. Pis. 26, 63; cf.:
verberavi te cogitationis tacito duntaxat convicio,
id. Fam. 16, 26, 1:
orator in dicendo exercitatus hac ipsā exercitatione istos verberabit,
id. de Or. 3, 21, 79:
aures sermonibus,
Tac. Agr. 41; Petr. 132.
2.
verbĕro, ōnis, m. [1. verbero], one worthy of stripes, a scoundrel, rascal:
ain' tu vero verbero?
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 128; Cic. Att. 14, 6, 1; Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 187; id. Ps. 4, 7, 63; id. As. 2, 4, 10; 2, 4, 78; 3, 3, 79; id. Capt. 3, 4, 19 al.; Ter. Phorm. 4, 4, 3; 5, 6, 10.

Lewis & Short latin dictionary > verbero
99 eligible

[ˈelɪdʒəbl] adjective
1) suitable or worthy to be chosen:

the most eligible candidate.
مُؤَهَّل للأنْتِخاب
2) qualified or entitled:

Is he eligible to join the national team?
جَدير

Arabic-English dictionary > eligible
100 Brazil

   Former Portuguese colony (ca. 1500-1822), once described on old maps as "Portuguese America." Until 1822, the colony of Brazil was Portugal's largest, richest, and most populous colonial territory, and it held the greatest number of overseas Portuguese. Indeed, until 1974, long after Brazil had ceased being a Portuguese colony, the largest number of overseas Portuguese continued to reside in Brazil.

   Discovered in 1500 by Pedro Álvares Cabral, Brazil experienced significant coastal colonization by Portugal only after 1550. As Portugal's world power and colonial position in North Africa and Asia entered a decline, Brazil began to receive the lion's share of her imperial attention and soon dominated the empire. While Portuguese colonization and civilization had an essential impact on the complex making of Brazil, this fact must be put into perspective. In addition to other European (Italian, German, etc.) and Asian (Japanese) immigrants, two other civilizations or groups of civilizations helped to construct Brazil: the Amerindians who inhabited the land before 1500 and black Africans who were shipped to Brazil's coast as slaves during more than three centuries, mainly from west and central Africa. There is a long history of Portuguese military operations to defend Brazil against internal rebellions as well as other colonial intruders. The French, for example, attacked Brazil several times. But it was the Dutch who proved the greatest threat, when they held northeast Brazil from 1624 to 1654, until they were expelled by Portuguese and colonial forces.

   Until the 17th century, Portuguese colonization was largely coastal. By the 18th century, Portuguese groups began to penetrate deep into the hinterland, including an area rich in minerals, the Minas Gerais ("General Mines"). Lisbon extracted the greatest wealth from Brazil during the "golden age" of mining of gold and diamonds from 1670 to 1750. But hefty profits for the king also came from Brazilian sugar, tobacco, cotton, woods, and coffee. By the time of Brazil's independence, declared in 1822, Portuguese America had become far more powerful and rich than the mother country. Only a few years before the break, Brazil had been declared a kingdom, in theory on a par with Portugal. A major factor behind the Brazilian independence movement was the impact of the residence of the Portuguese royal family and court in Brazil from 1808 to 1821.

   What is the Portuguese legacy to Brazil after more than 300 years of colonization? Of the many facets that could be cited, perhaps three are worthy of mention here: the Portuguese language (Brazil is the only Latin American country that has Portuguese as the official language); Portuguese political and administrative customs; and a large community, mostly in coastal Brazil, of overseas Portuguese.

    See also Freyre, Gilberto; Luso-Tropicalism.

Historical dictionary of Portugal > Brazil

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