more+than...

1) General subject: ever more

2) British English: more than somewhat (e.g. Their behaviour displeased me more than somewhat)

3) Business: more than

1) General subject: any longer (не), better, beyond, bigger, more, much, upward, upwards, any more (I don't need any more - мне больше не нужно), longer (I can't wait longer - я не могу больше ждать), over (over two years - больше двух лет над (указывает на превосходство в положении, старшинство и т. п.) a general is over a colonel - генерал старше по чину, чем полковник), mostly

2) Mathematics: above, greater (than), greater-than (знак), larger, more than

3) Economy: upwards of

4) Accounting: upward of

5) Scottish language: mae

6) Information technology: greater then

7) Astronautics: longrange

8) Business: in excess of

9) Makarov: again, in excess of (нормы и т.п.)

1. — горя, нужды to experience much (sorrow and/or need)

X хлебнул горя через край - X has had (more than) his share of sorrow (misfortune, hard times)

2. to drink too much

X хлебнул через край = X had one too many

1. любить, ценить, ставить кого-что и т. п.

(to love, value, appreciate etc s.o. or sth.) to a greater extent than (one loves, values, appreciates etc) all others

more than anyone (anything)

2. ( subj-compl with copula ( subj: usu. abstr or collect)) sth. is more important (to s.o.) than anything else: (be) most important (of all)

• ХЛЕБНУТЬ ЧЕРЕЗ КРАЙ coll

[VP; subj: human]

=====

1. хлебнуть через край горя, нужды to experience much (sorrow and/ or need):

- X хлебнул горя через край≈ X has had (more than) his share of sorrow (misfortune, hard times);

- X has had (a lot) more than enough;

- X has drunk his cup to the bitter dregs;

- X has known a lot of sorrow (grief etc).

     ♦ "...Уж хватит! Хлебнули через край! - вспыхнул неожиданно Грязное. - Мы тут бедствуем, во вшах погибаем, а семьи наши там нужду принимают..." (Шолохов 3). "...We've had enough' A lot more than enough!" Gryaznov burst out unexpectedly. "Here we are going through hell, getting eaten up by lice while our families go hungry" (3a)

     ♦...Зачем душу людям травить, и без того хлебнули... горя через край (Айтматов 2). Why make their life more miserable, when they had...drunk their cup to the bitter dregs? (2a).

2. to drink too much:

- X хлебнул через край≈ X had one too many;

- X had a drop too much;

- X exceeded his limit.

• ПРЕВЫШЕ ВСЕГО lit

[AdvP; Invar; fixed WO]

=====

1. любить, ценить, ставить кого-что и т.п. [adv]

⇒ (to love, value, appreciate etc s.o. or sth.) to a greater extent than (one loves, values, appreciates etc) all others:

- more than anyone (anything);

- most of all.

     ♦ Превыше всего он ценил в людях порядочность и умение держать слово. What he valued more than anything in people was their decency and their ability to be true to their word.

2. [subj-compl with copula (subj: usu. abstr or collect)]

⇒ sth. is more important (to s.o.) than anything else:

- (be) most important (of all);

- (come) before all else;

- [in limited contexts](be < have>) top priority.

     ♦ "Только тут я сообразил, что меня обманули. Объегорили подло, мелко, предательски. У кого на моем месте не опустились бы руки, но я человек долга, долг для меня превыше всего" (Максимов 2). "It was only then that I realized I had been cheated. I had been basely, pettily, treacherously swindled. Anyone in my place would have given up the struggle, but I am a man of duty, with me, duty comes before all else" (2a).

Cf: The boneless tongue, so small and weak, can crush and kill (Am.). An evil tongue may do much (Br.). The hard words cut the heart (Am.). Man's tongue is soft and bone does lack, yet a stroke therewith may break a man's back (Am.). No sword bites so bitterly as an evil tongue (Am.). The tongue breaks the bone, and herself has none (Am., Br.). The tongue is more venomous than a serpent (Br.). The tongue is not steel, but (yet) it cuts (Am., Br.). The tongue is sharper than the sword (Am.). The tongue stings (Am., Br.). A word hurts more than a wound (Am.). Words cut (hurt) more than swords (Br.)

 

(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]

Этот ток обозначают I_Z
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]

EN

(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]

ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]

FR

courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]

Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:

• its insulation temperature rating;
• conductor electrical properties for current;
• frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
• ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
• ambient temperature.

Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.

The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.

In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.

Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.

The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.

For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.

Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.

When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:

• Wires
• Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
• Fuses
• Circuit breakers
• All or nearly all components used

Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]

Тематики

• электротехника, основные понятия

Синонимы

• длительно допустимый ток
• допустимый ток

EN

• ampacity (US)
• continuous current
• continuous current-carrying capacity
• current-carrying capacity

DE

• Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
• Strombelastbarkeit, f

FR

• courant admissible, m
• courant permanent admissible, m