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1 alda
noun "tree" GALAD, GÁLAD, SA, Nam, RGEO:66, LR:41, SD:302, LT1:249, LT2:340, VT39:7, also name of tengwa \#28 Appendix E. Pl. aldar in Narqelion; gen. pl. aldaron "of trees" in Namárië. Etymology of alda, see Letters:426 and UT:266-7. The latter source states that primitive ¤galadā, whence Quenya alda, originally applied to stouter and more spreading trees such as oaks or beeches, while straighter and more slender trees such as birches were called ¤ornē, Quenya ornë - but this distinction was not always observed in Quenya, and it seems that alda became the general word. According to PE17:25, primitive galada sic referred to a plant large and was a general term. Place-name Aldalómë tree-night or tree-shade-night LotR2:III ch. 4, translated in PE17:82; Aldarion masc. name, *"Son of the Trees" Appendix A, Tar-Aldarion a Númenorean King UT:210. Aldaron a name of Oromë Silm; aldinga "tree-top" VT47:28, aldarembina pl. aldarembinë attested adj. tree-tangled, the cognate of Sindarin galadhremminPM:17:26.Aldúya fourth day of the Eldarin six-day week, dedicated to the Trees Appendix D. The word seems to include *Aldu, a dual form referring to the Two Trees. The Númenóreans altered the name to Aldëa presumably *aldajā, referring to one tree the White only. The dual Aldu seems to occur also in Aldudénië "Lament for the Two Trees" a strange word, since Quenya does not permit intervocalic d as in this word perhaps the Vanyarin dialect of Quenya did Silm -
2 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
3 ëa
1 sometimes "eä" vb. "is" CO, in a more absolute sense "exists", VT39:7/VT49:28-29 than the copula ná. Eä "it is" VT39:6 or "let it be". The verb is also used in connection with prepositional phrases denoting a position, as in the relative sentences i or ilyë mahalmar ëa who is above all thrones CO and i ëa han ëa *who is beyond the universe of Eä VT43:14. Eä is said to the be present & aorist tense VT49:29. The past tense of ëa is engë VT43:38, VT49:29; Tolkien struck out the form ëanë, VT49:30, the historically correct perfect should be éyë, but the analogical form engië was more common; the future tense is euva VT49:29. See also ëala. Eä is also used as a noun denoting "All Creation", the universe WJ:402; Letters:284, footnote, but this term for the universe "was not held to include souls? and spirits" VT39:20; contrast ilu. One version of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer includes the words i ëa han ëa, taken to mean "who is beyond Eä" VT43:14. Tolkien noted that ëa properly cannot be used of God since ëa refers only to all things created by Eru directly or mediately, hence he deleted the example Eru ëa *God exists VT49:28, 36. However, ëa is indeed used of Eru in CO i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar uëa/u the One who uis/u above all thrones as well as in various Átaremma versions see VT49:36, so such a distinction may belong to the refined language of the loremasters rather than to everyday useage. 3 "eagle" LT1:251, LT2:338, a Qenya word apparently superseded by soron, sornë in Tolkien's later forms of Quenya. -
4 ar
1 conj. "and" ARsup2/sup, SA, FS, Nam, RGEO:67, CO, LR:47, 56, MC:216, VT43:31, VT44:10, 34; see VT47:31 for etymology, cf. also VT49:25, 40. The older form of the conjunction was az PE17:41. Ar is often assimilated to al, as before l, s PE17:41, 71, but in written Quenya ar was usually written in all cases PE17:71. In one case, Tolkien altered the phrase ar larmar and raiments to al larmar; the former may then be seen as representing the spelling, whereas the latter represents the pronunciation PE17:175. More complex schemes of assimilation are suggested to have existed in Old Quenya, the conjunction varying between ar, a and as depending on the following consonant PE17:41, 71. An alternative longer form of the conjunction, arë, is said to occur "occasionally in Tolkien's later writings" VT43:31, cf. VT48:14. In the Etymologies, the word for "and" was first written as ara VT45:6. In one source, Tolkien notes that Quenya used ar as preposition beside, next, or as adverb = and PE17:145; compare ara. 2 noun "day" PE17:148, apparently short for árë,occurring in the names of the Valinorean week listed below. Tolkien indicated that ar in these names could also be arë when the following element begins in a consonant VT45:27. Usually the word for "day" in LotR-style Quenya is rather aurë or ré, q.v. -
5 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
6 mori-
"dark, black" in a number of compounds independent form morë, q.v.:Morimando "Dark Mando" = Mandos MBAD, VT45:33, morimaitë "black-handed" LotR3:VI ch. 6, VT49:42. Moriquendi "Dark Elves" SA:mor, WJ:361, 373, Moringotto "Black Foe", Sindarin Morgoth, later name of Melkor. The oldest form is said to have been Moriñgotho MR:194. In late material, Tolkien is seen to consider both Moringotto and Moricotto k as the Quenya form of the name Morgoth VT49:24-25; Moricotto also appears in the ablative, Moricottollo. Morion "the dark one", a title of Morgoth FS. Morifinwë "dark Finwë", masc. name; he was called Caranthir in Sindarin short Quenya name Moryo. PM:353 In the name Morinehtar, translated "Darkness-slayer", the initial element is defined would thus seem to signify "darkness" rather than "dark" as an adjective see mórë. PM:384, 385 -
7 úχarin
adj. unmarred PE17:150, this would be úharin in more standard spelling and later pronunciation. In a more widely published source, the word for unmarred is alahasta, q.v. -
8 mar
1 noun "earth" world, also "home, dwelling, mansion". Stem mard- VT46:13, PE17:64, also seen in the ablative Mardello "from earth" FS; the word is used with a more limited sense in oromardi high halls sg. oromar, PM17:64, referring to the dwellings of Manwë and Varda on Mt. Taniquetil Nam, RGEO:66. The initial element of Mardorunando q.v. may be the genitive mardo distinguish mardo "dweller". May be more or less identical to már "home, house, dwelling" of persons or peoples; in names like Valimar, Vinyamar, Mar-nu-Falmar, Mardil SA:bar, VT45:33, VT47:6. Már is however unlikely to have the stem-form mard-; a "Qenya" genitive maren appears in the phrase hon-maren, q.v., suggesting that its stem is mar-. A possible convention could therefore be to use már mar- for "home, house" also when = household, family as in Mardil, q.v., whereas mar mard- is used for for "earth, world". Early "Qenya" has mar mas- "dwelling of men, the Earth, -land" LT1:251; notice that in LotR-style Quenya, a word in -r cannot have a stem-form in -s-. -
9 tye
pron. you, thou, thee, 2nd person intimate/familar LR:61, 70, Arct, VT49:36, 55, corresponding to formal/politelye. According to VT49:51, tye was used as an endearment especially between lovers, and grandparents and children also used it to address one another to use the adult lye was more stern. Tyenya my tye, used = dear kinsman VT49:51. The pronoun tye is derived from kie, sc. an original stem ki with an added -e VT49:50. Stressed tyé; dual tyet *the two of you VT49:51 another note reproduced on the same page however states that tye has no dual form, and VT49:52 likewise states that the 2nd person familiar never deleloped dual or plural forms. Compare the reflexive pronoun intyë *"yourself". Possibly related to the pronominal stem KE 2nd person sg., if tye represents earlier *kye. -
10 fanta-
vb. "to veil, cloak, mantle" VT43:22, mainly used of veils cast over things that shone, or that were brighter and more vivid PE17:174; according to Tolkien usually the strong past tense fánë and perfect afánië were used, but later also fantanë in the past tense and then perhaps *afantië in the perfect? PE17:179-180 Cf halya- q.v., the stem of which Tolkien contrasted with the stem of this verb PE17:184. -
11 Oromë
noun name of a Vala, adopted and adapted from Valarin. Observes Pengolodh, "the Eldar now take the name to singify 'horn-blowing' or 'horn-blower', but to the Valar it had no such meaning" WJ:400-401, cf. SA:rom and ROM, TÁWAR in Etym, VT14:5. Genitive Oromëo and possessive Oroméva in WJ:368..Loose compound Oromë róma an Oromë horn, sc. one of Orome's horns if he had more than one WJ:368. A deleted entry in the Etymologies cited the name as Orómë with a long middle vowel VT45:15. Oromendil, masc. name *"Friend of Oromë" UT:210 -
12 tinwë
noun "spark" gloss misquoted as "sparkle" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, see VT46:19, also "star"; pl. tinwi "sparks", properly used of the star-imagines on Nur-menel q.v.. Cf. nillë. TIN, MR:388 In early "Qenya", tinwë was simply glossed "star" LT1:269, cf. MC:214. In one late source, the meaning of tinwë is given as "spark", and it is said that this word like Sindarin gil was used of the stars of heaven "in place of the older and more elevated el, elen- stem" VT42:11. -
13 tyelpë
noun "silver" KYELEP/TELEP, etymology also in Letters:426 and UT:266. Tyelpë is the true Quenya descendant of primitive ¤kyelepē, but the Telerin form telpë was more common, "for the Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" UT:266. In the Etymologies, tyelpë is also the name of Tengwa \#1 with overposed dots, this symbol having the value ty VT45:25. Cf. tyelpetéma as the name of the entire palatal series of the Tengwar system. -
14 ornë
noun "tree" Letters:308, SD:302: "when smaller and more slender like a birch or rowan", Etym stem ÓR-NI: "tree, high isolated tree". For the etymology, see Letters:426; for original difference in meaning between ornë and alda, see alda. In ornemalin "tree-yellow"; see laurelindórenan lindelorendor... LotR2:III ch. 4; cf. Letters:308, also as final element in malinornë yellow-tree, mallorn q.v. Masc. name Ornendil *"Tree-friend" Appendix A, compound Ornelië tree-folk Quenya name of the Galadhrim, the tree-people of Lórien TI:239. -
15 Valinor
place-name "the land or people of the Valar", *"Vali-land" Vali = Valar, land of the Gods in the West BAL, NDOR; cf. Valandor. Full form Valinórë BAL; Vali-nórë under NDOR.Said to be the true Eldarin name of Aman, the latter name being explained as a borrowing from Valarin in some versions of the linguistic scenario VT49:26. In the early "Qenya Lexicon", Valinor, Valinórë is glossed "Asgard", the name of the city of the gods in Norse mythology LT1:272. It seems that in such more restricted use, Valinor is not the entire Blessed Realm but rather the specific region beyond the Pelóri where most of the Valar dwelt, with Valimar as the chief city. Thus it is said of Eärendil that he went into Valinor and to the halls of Valimar only after he had already left his ship and ventured as far as Tirion Silmarillion, chapter 24. Possessive Valinóreva in Nurtalë Valinóreva, the "Hiding of Valinor", the possessive case here assuming the function of object genitive Silm; genitive Valinórëo in Yénië Valinórëo Annals of Valinor MR:200; the last word was changed from Valinóren, Tolkien revising the genitive ending from -n to -o -
16 telpë
noun "silver" in one example with generalized meaning money, PE14:54, telep- in some compounds like Teleporno; assimilated telem- in Telemnar and the adj. telemna KYELEP/TELEP, SA:celeb, LT1:255, 268; also tyelpë, telep-, UT:266. The true Quenya descendant of primitive ¤kyelepē is tyelpë, but the Telerin form telpë was more common, "for the Teleri prized silver above gold, and their skill as silversmiths was esteemed even by the Noldor" UT:266. In various names: Telperion the White Tree of Valinor; Telperien "Telperiën", fem. name including telp- "silver" Appendix A; Telperinquar "Silver-fist, Celebrimbor" SA:celeb - also Tyelperinquar; Telporno, Teleporno "Silver-high" = Sindarin Celeborn Letters:347, UT:266. It seems that Teleporno is properly Telerin, Quenyarized as Telporno. Compare adjectives telemna, telpina, telepsa, telepta q.v. -
17 laman(lamn-)
or simply laman-, as in pl. lamni or lamani noun "animal" usually applied to four-footed beasts, and never to reptiles and birds; a more general word may be \#celva WJ:416 -
18 Calaciryan
"k" place-name "the Cleft of Light", the pass in the Pelóri, apparently a variant of Calacirya WJ:403, SA:kal-, kir-. Calaciryan, Calaciryandë, "the region of Eldamar Elvenhome in and near the entrance to the ravine, where the Light was brighter and the land more beautiful" RGEO:70 -
19 halya-
vb. "veil, conceal, screen from light" SKALsup1/sup, VT46:13 Tolkien noted that √SKAL applied to more opaque things that cut off light and cast shadows over other things PE17:184, contrasting it with √SPAN, the rejected stem of fanta-, q.v. -
20 quet-
vb. "say, speak" SA:quen-/quet-, LT2:348, sg. aorist quetë in VT41:11 and VT49:19 spelt qete in the latter source, not to be confused with the infinitival aorist stem in the example polin quetë I can speak VT41:6; pl. aorist quetir in VT49:10-11, present tense quéta in VT41:13, pa.t. quentë in PM:401, 404, apparent gerund quetië in VT49:28 by Tolkien translated as words, but more literally evidently *speaking. Imperative in the command queta Quenya! speak Quenya! PE17:138, see Quenya regarding the meaning of this phrase. The same verb is translated "tell" in the sentence órenya quetë nin "my heart tells me" VT41:15. Cf. also \#maquet-
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