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4 Batalha, Monastery of
A prime example of Portuguese Gothic architecture, Batalha Monastery was ordered built by King João I of Aviz in gratitude for his victory over the army of Castile at the battle of Aljubarrota (1385). Located at the town of Batalha, Leiria district, Batalha's style was influenced by earlier constructions including Alcobaça Monastery, which is not far away. Begun in 1387-88, it was mostly completed by the middle of the 15th century, but there were later works on it as well. The so-called "Imperfect Chapels" remain unfinished to this day. This monastery-church includes the Royal Tomb in the Chapel of the Founder, the double tomb of King João I and Queen Philippa of Lancaster, the parents of Prince Henry of Aviz (Prince Henry the Navigator). Batalha is formally known as the "Monastery of Santa Maria of Victory" in Portugal, but in Britain the building is usually referred to as the Battle Abbey. Batalha also contains Portugal's Tombs of the Unknown Soldiers, from World War I, where two soldiers—one killed in Europe and one killed in Africa—with unknown identities were buried. Members of the armed forces perpetually guard the site. -
5 Jerónimos, Monastery of
(Mosteiro do Jerónimos)Located at Belém, west of Lisbon, the Monastery and Cathedral of Jerônimos is the most magnificent of the Age of Discoveries monuments. Ordered built as a gift to the monastic Order of Hieronymites by King Manuel I ( 1469- 1521), following the return of Vasco da Gama from India in 1499, Jerónimos was constructed between 1502 and 1525. The purpose of this massive building was to commemorate the Portuguese discovery of the sea route to India. Its location, at the time of its building very close to the water, was near the Restelo beach, the departure point for da Gama's voyage.One of Portugal's premier tourist attractions, Jerónimos consists of a church and claustrum and a portion of the convent, partially destroyed in the 1755 Lisbon earthquake. The Manueline architectural style was an innovation (named for King Manuel I, who helped finance constructions from the new imperial wealth from Africa and Asia; more recently, students employ the term Atlantic Baroque), with columns, pillars, and door frames decorated elaborately with stone sculpted in the form of maritime objects such as ship ropes, coral, sea life, sailors, and seaweeds.Jerónimos is inland from the Monument of the Discoveries, in an open square once the main site of the 1940 Double Centenary Exposition of the Portuguese World, a kind of Lisbon world's fair. -
6 Lesciense, monastery of
Liessies.Latin-English dictionary of medieval > Lesciense, monastery of
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7 Alcobaça, Monastery of
Located in Alcobaça, Leiria district, this is Portugal's largest church and premier religious monument in Gothic style. Alcobaça was established by the first Portuguese king, Afonso Henriques, in the 12th century. According to tradition, its foundation followed the king's wish after the relief of the town of Santarém from the Moors. The king chose Cistercian monks, recently arrived from France, to oversee the project and administer the establishment. Construction of what became a Cistercian abbey and church began only in 1178. After many delays, the church was finally completed and dedicated in 1252, although parts of the building were unfinished. The massive structure is in the shape of a Latin cross, and the naves are over 60 feet high. Various Portuguese kings and their families are buried in Alcobaça; here also are the famous tombs of the ill-fated Dona Inês de Castro and King Pedro I.Among 18th-century visitors and travelers who made the beauty and wonder of Alcobaça famous in England and elsewhere was the wealthy English eccentric and writer William Beckford, whose 1835 account of his visits to Alcobaça, in effect, put Portugal on the map of English travelers henceforth. -
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См. также в других словарях:
Monastery — of St. Nilus on Stolbnyi Island in Lake Seliger near Ostashkov, Russia, ca. 1910 … Wikipedia
monastery — (n.) c.1400, from O.Fr. monastere monastery (14c.) and directly from L.L. monasterium, from Eccles. Gk. monasterion a monastery, from monazein to live alone, from monos alone (see MONO (Cf. mono )). With suffix terion place for (doing something) … Etymology dictionary
Monastery — Mon as*te*ry, n.; pl. {Monasteries}. [L. monasterium, Gr. ?, fr. ? a solitary, a monk, fr. ? to be alone, live in solitude, fr. mo nos alone. Cf. {Minister}.] A house of religious retirement, or of secusion from ordinary temporal concerns,… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
monastery — *cloister, convent, nunnery, abbey, priory … New Dictionary of Synonyms
monastery — [n] place where monks live abbey, cloister, friary, house, lamasery, priory, religious community; concepts 368,439,516 … New thesaurus
monastery — ► NOUN (pl. monasteries) ▪ a community of monks living under religious vows. ORIGIN Greek monast rion, from monazein live alone … English terms dictionary
monastery — [män′ə ster΄ē] n. pl. monasteries [ME monasterie < LL(Ec) monasterium < LGr(Ec) monastērion < Gr monazein, to be alone < monos, alone: see MONO ] 1. a building or residence for monks or others who have withdrawn from the world for… … English World dictionary
monastery — noun ADJECTIVE ▪ great ▪ the great monastery of St Quentin ▪ ancient, medieval, old ▪ ruined ▪ … Collocations dictionary
MONASTERY — Western European monastic communities began to develop into more formalized brick and stone architectural compounds during the reign of Charlemagne in the 800s. Monasteries, which function as a place of prayer and are inhabited by people… … Historical Dictionary of Architecture
monastery — UK [ˈmɒnəst(ə)rɪ] / US [ˈmɑnəˌsterɪ] noun [countable] Word forms monastery : singular monastery plural monasteries a building where a group of monks (= a religious community of men) lives and works … English dictionary
monastery — monasterial /mon euh stear ee euhl/, adj. /mon euh ster ee/, n., pl. monasteries. 1. a house or place of residence occupied by a community of persons, esp. monks, living in seclusion under religious vows. 2. the community of persons living in… … Universalium
