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21 Minoan
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22 Minoan
adj.Minoico.s.minoico. -
23 Minoan
археол.минойский, относящийся к минойской культуре -
24 Minoan architecture
English-German dictionary of Architecture and Construction > Minoan architecture
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25 Minoan period
Макаров: минойская цивилизация -
26 Minoan architecture
English-French architecture and construction dictionary > Minoan architecture
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27 Minoan architecture
1) arquitectura minoica fEnglish-Spanish architecture and construction dictionary > Minoan architecture
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28 Minoan civilization
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29 Cyclopean walls of Minoan Greece
[sai`kloupjən] walls of Minoan [mi`nouən] Greece — стены из огромных тесаных каменных глыб без связующего раствора, которые были характерны для минойской культуры бронзового века (3 — 2 тысячелетие до н.э.) на острове Крит (Crete)Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Cyclopean walls of Minoan Greece
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30 миноун
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31 Crete
[sai`kloupjən] walls of Minoan [mi`nouən] Greece — стены из огромных тесаных каменных глыб без связующего раствора, которые были характерны для минойской культуры бронзового века (3 — 2 тысячелетие до н.э.) на острове Крит (Crete)Англо-русский универсальный дополнительный практический переводческий словарь И. Мостицкого > Crete
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32 Bull-fighting
Until soccer ( futebol) assumed that role in the 20th century, bull-fighting was perhaps Portugal's most popular national sport. Portugal's variation of this blood sport, which is also pursued in Spain and a number of Latin American countries (as well as occasionally the United States), differs from that found in neighboring Spain. The contemporary Portuguese bullfight emphasizes pageantry, spectacle, horsemanship, and bull-jumping during a typical "program" of six bulls.The Portuguese participants wear 18th-century costumes, including plumed three-cornered hats, silk breeches, and buckled shoes and boots, and the bulls are not killed in the arena. In the early stages of each "fight," the bull is taunted and harassed by participants on foot or on horses. In the final stage of each bull's appearance, the bull is challenged to charge by a group of seven men called forcados, who proceed to incite the bull to charge the first man in front of the lined-up row of six other men. The object is to jump on the bull's head, hold the horns, and stop the bull's forward progress. Even though the bull's horns are cut and padded and horses wear padding, injuries to persons and horses do occur. In Portuguese tradition, it is said that the bull-jumping activity goes back to the ancient Phoenician or even Minoan customs of bull-jumping as a popular sport.In recent years, bullfight audiences have decreased in number while soccer has increasingly drawn greater crowds. During the 18th century, when killing the bull was part of the Portuguese bullfight, during one series of incidents a number of aristocratic bullfighters died in the arena. In 1928, the government of the day banned killing the bull and made such an act against the law. Matadores who killed the bull in the fight then were fined. In 2007, the matador Pedro de Portugal was fined 137,000 euros for killing a bull in the ring as an act of protest against the ban.The traditional bullfight season in Portugal runs from May into October each year. It was customary during the Estado Novo that after the bullfight the bulls, although not killed in the bullring, were slaughtered soon afterward and the meat donated to feed the poor. The supply of horses and bulls for this blood sport remains a business of some consequence in the Ribatejo district, north of the Tagus River, the "cowboy" and cattle section of central Portugal. -
33 Wright, Frank Lloyd
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. 8 June 1869 Richland Center, Wisconsin, USAd. 9 April 1959 Phoenix, Arizona, USA[br]American architect who, in an unparalleled career spanning almost seventy years, became the most important figure on the modern architectural scene both in his own country and far further afield.[br]Wright began his career in 1887 working in the Chicago offices of Adler \& Sullivan. He conceived a great admiration for Sullivan, who was then concentrating upon large commercial projects in modern mode, producing functional yet decorative buildings which took all possible advantage of new structural methods. Wright was responsible for many of the domestic commissions.In 1893 Wright left the firm in order to set up practice on his own, thus initiating a career which was to develop into three distinct phases. In the first of these, up until the First World War, he was chiefly designing houses in a concept in which he envisaged "the house as a shelter". These buildings displayed his deeply held opinion that detached houses in country areas should be designed as an integral part of the landscape, a view later to be evidenced strongly in the work of modern Finnish architects. Wright's designs were called "prairie houses" because so many of them were built in the MidWest of America, which Wright described as a "prairie". These were low and spreading, with gently sloping rooflines, very plain and clean lined, built of traditional materials in warm rural colours, blending softly into their settings. Typical was W.W.Willit's house of 1902 in Highland Park, Illinois.In the second phase of his career Wright began to build more extensively in modern materials, utilizing advanced means of construction. A notable example was his remarkable Imperial Hotel in Tokyo, carefully designed and built in 1916–22 (now demolished), with special foundations and structure to withstand (successfully) strong earthquake tremors. He also became interested in the possibilities of reinforced concrete; in 1906 he built his church at Oak Park, Illinois, entirely of this material. In the 1920s, in California, he abandoned his use of traditional materials for house building in favour of precast concrete blocks, which were intended to provide an "organic" continuity between structure and decorative surfacing. In his continued exploration of the possibilities of concrete as a building material, he created the dramatic concept of'Falling Water', a house built in 1935–7 at Bear Run in Pennsylvania in which he projected massive reinforced-concrete terraces cantilevered from a cliff over a waterfall in the woodlands. In the later 1930s an extraordinary run of original concepts came from Wright, then nearing 70 years of age, ranging from his own winter residence and studio, Taliesin West in Arizona, to the administration block for Johnson Wax (1936–9) in Racine, Wisconsin, where the main interior ceiling was supported by Minoan-style, inversely tapered concrete columns rising to spreading circular capitals which contained lighting tubes of Pyrex glass.Frank Lloyd Wright continued to work until four days before his death at the age of 91. One of his most important and certainly controversial commissions was the Solomon R.Guggenheim Museum in New York. This had been proposed in 1943 but was not finally built until 1956–9; in this striking design the museum's exhibition areas are ranged along a gradually mounting spiral ramp lit effectively from above. Controversy stemmed from the unusual and original design of exterior banding and interior descending spiral for wall-display of paintings: some critics strongly approved, while others, equally strongly, did not.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1941.Bibliography1945, An Autobiography, Faber \& Faber.Further ReadingE.Kaufmann (ed.), 1957, Frank Lloyd Wright: an American Architect, New York: Horizon Press.H.Russell Hitchcock, 1973, In the Nature of Materials, New York: Da Capo.T.A.Heinz, 1982, Frank Lloyd Wright, New York: St Martin's.DY
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См. также в других словарях:
Minoan — may refer to the following: The Minoan civilization The (undeciphered) Eteocretan language The script known as Linear A Minoan pottery Minoa, name of several bronze age settlements in the Aegean. An old name for the Mycenean language before it… … Wikipedia
Minoan — (adj.) 1894, from Minos, famous king of Crete; applied by British archaeologist Sir Arthur Evans to the civilization that flourished there c.3000 1400 B.C.E … Etymology dictionary
Minoan — ► ADJECTIVE ▪ relating to a Bronze Age civilization centred on Crete (c.3000 1050 BC). ORIGIN named after the legendary Cretan king Minos, to whom a palace excavated at Knossos was attributed … English terms dictionary
Minoan — [mi nō′ən, mīnō ən] adj. [< MINOS + AN] designating or of a Bronze Age culture that flourished in Crete from c. 3000 c. 1100 B.C … English World dictionary
Minoan — /mi noh euhn, muy /, adj. 1. of or pertaining to the ancient civilization of the island of Crete, dating from about 3000 to 1100 B.C. n. 2. a native or inhabitant of ancient Crete. [1890 95; MINO(S) + AN] * * * Any member of a non Indo European… … Universalium
Minoan — adj. & n. Archaeol. adj. of or relating to the Bronze Age civilization centred on Crete (c.3000 1100 BC). n. 1 an inhabitant of Minoan Crete or the Minoan world. 2 the language or scripts associated with the Minoans. Etymology: named after the… … Useful english dictionary
Minoan — 1. adjective a) Of or relating to the civilization that developed in Crete from the neolithic period to the Bronze Age (about 3000 1050 ). b) Of or relating to the writing systems (Linear A and Linear B) used in Crete and later in mainland Greece … Wiktionary
minoan — mɪ nəʊən adj. belonging to the ancient Minoan culture on the island of Crete (3000 1100 BC); from ancient Crete … English contemporary dictionary
Minoan — [mɪ nəʊən] adjective relating to or denoting a Bronze Age civilization centred on Crete (c.3000–1050 BC). noun 1》 an inhabitant of Minoan Crete. 2》 the language or scripts associated with the Minoans. Origin named after the legendary Cretan king… … English new terms dictionary
Minoan — Mi•no•an [[t]mɪˈnoʊ ən, maɪ [/t]] adj. 1) ara of or designating the Bronze Age civilization of Crete, c2400–l400 b.c. 2) ara anh peo a native or inhabitant of Crete during the Minoan period • Etymology: 1890–95; Mino (s) + an I … From formal English to slang
Minoan eruption — Satellite image of Thera, November 21, 2000 Volcano Thera Date 2nd millennium BCE Type … Wikipedia
