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1 microprocessor-array computer
Information technology: MACУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > microprocessor-array computer
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2 climate microprocessor computer system
Ecology: CLICOMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > climate microprocessor computer system
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3 микропроцессор вычислительной машины
Engineering: microprocessor of a computerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > микропроцессор вычислительной машины
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4 микропроцессор
1) General subject: microchip, microprocessor2) Engineering: micro, microcomputer3) Telecommunications: mps4) Electronics: microprocessing unit, microprocessor unit5) Information technology: (сокр. от microprocessor) micro6) Microelectronics: microengine, microprocessor product, processor7) Operation systems: central processing unit (то же, что и microprocessor (сокр. CPU))8) General subject: micro-computer9) Makarov: chip -
5 Noyce, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 12 December 1927 Burlington, Iowa, USA[br]American engineer responsible for the development of integrated circuits and the microprocessor chip.[br]Noyce was the son of a Congregational minister whose family, after a number of moves, finally settled in Grinnell, some 50 miles (80 km) east of Des Moines, Iowa. Encouraged to follow his interest in science, in his teens he worked as a baby-sitter and mower of lawns to earn money for his hobby. One of his clients was Professor of Physics at Grinnell College, where Noyce enrolled to study mathematics and physics and eventually gained a top-grade BA. It was while there that he learned of the invention of the transistor by the team at Bell Laboratories, which included John Bardeen, a former fellow student of his professor. After taking a PhD in physical electronics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1953, he joined the Philco Corporation in Philadelphia to work on the development of transistors. Then in January 1956 he accepted an invitation from William Shockley, another of the Bell transistor team, to join the newly formed Shockley Transistor Company, the first electronic firm to set up shop in Palo Alto, California, in what later became known as "Silicon Valley".From the start things at the company did not go well and eventually Noyce and Gordon Moore and six colleagues decided to offer themselves as a complete development team; with the aid of the Fairchild Camera and Instrument Company, the Fairchild Semiconductor Corporation was born. It was there that in 1958, contemporaneously with Jack K. Wilby at Texas Instruments, Noyce had the idea for monolithic integration of transistor circuits. Eventually, after extended patent litigation involving study of laboratory notebooks and careful examination of the original claims, priority was assigned to Noyce. The invention was most timely. The Apollo Moon-landing programme announced by President Kennedy in May 1961 called for lightweight sophisticated navigation and control computer systems, which could only be met by the rapid development of the new technology, and Fairchild was well placed to deliver the micrologic chips required by NASA.In 1968 the founders sold Fairchild Semicon-ductors to the parent company. Noyce and Moore promptly found new backers and set up the Intel Corporation, primarily to make high-density memory chips. The first product was a 1,024-bit random access memory (1 K RAM) and by 1973 sales had reached $60 million. However, Noyce and Moore had already realized that it was possible to make a complete microcomputer by putting all the logic needed to go with the memory chip(s) on a single integrated circuit (1C) chip in the form of a general purpose central processing unit (CPU). By 1971 they had produced the Intel 4004 microprocessor, which sold for US$200, and within a year the 8008 followed. The personal computer (PC) revolution had begun! Noyce eventually left Intel, but he remained active in microchip technology and subsequently founded Sematech Inc.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFranklin Institute Stuart Ballantine Medal 1966. National Academy of Engineering 1969. National Academy of Science. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1978; Cledo Brunetti Award (jointly with Kilby) 1978. Institution of Electrical Engineers Faraday Medal 1979. National Medal of Science 1979. National Medal of Engineering 1987.Bibliography1955, "Base-widening punch-through", Proceedings of the American Physical Society.30 July 1959, US patent no. 2,981,877.Further ReadingT.R.Reid, 1985, Microchip: The Story of a Revolution and the Men Who Made It, London: Pan Books.KF -
6 Wozniak, Stephen G.
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 1950 Sunnyvale, California, USA[br]American computer engineer who with Steven Jobs built the first home computer.[br]Bored by school at Sunnyvale, the young Wozniak became interested in computers and at the age of only 13 years he constructed a transistorized calculator that won a prize at the Bay Area Science Fair. After high school, he went to the University of Colorado, but he left the following year to study at the De Anza College in Cupertino, California, finally dropping out of formal education altogether and working as a programmer for a small computer company. In 1971 he made another attempt at studying for a degree in engineering, this time at the University of California at Berkeley, but he again dropped out and went to work for Hewlett-Packard, where he met 16-year-old Steve Jobs. Joining the Homebrew Computer Club, and with Jobs's help, he built a home computer based on the MOS Technology 8-bit, 6502 microprocessor chip. With 4 K of random access memory (RAM) and the first BASIC interpreter written by Wozniak himself, he demonstrated the computer to Hewlett-Packard management, but they showed little interest in taking it up. With Jobs he therefore founded Apple Company, and with assembly in Jobs's home they found an interested buyer in the shape of Paul Terrill, owner of the newly established Byte Shop chain store, who ordered 100 boards at US$500 each. As a result, with the support of a backer, Mike Markkula, Wozniak in 1976 designed a second computer, the Apple II, which had 16 K of RAM and was offered for sale (without a monitor) at $1195. This was an immediate success and sales rose from $775,000 in 1977 to $335 million in 1981 and $983 million in 1983. In the meantime, however, Wozniak was seriously injured in a plane crash in 1980. He recovered slowly from his injuries and in 1982 returned to college to complete his degree course, after which he spent much of his time with his family. Eventually he became increasingly unhappy with the chaotic management at Apple, and he left the company in 1985, subsequently forming his own computer company, Cloud 9.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst National Technology Medal (with Jobs) 1985.Further ReadingM.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.J.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foreman \& Co.KF -
7 Jobs, Steven Paul
SUBJECT AREA: Electronics and information technology[br]b. 24 February 1955 San Francisco, California, USA[br]American engineer who, with Stephen Wozniak, built the first home computer.[br]Moving with his family to Mountain View, Palo Alto, in 1960, Jobs entered Homestead High School, Cupertino, in 1968. At about the same time he joined the Explorers' Club for young engineers set up by Hewlett-Packard Company. As a result of this contact, three years later he met up with Stephen Wozniak, who was working at Hewlett-Packard and helped him with the construction of the first home computer based on the 8-bit MOS Technology 6502 microprocessor. In 1973 he went to Reid College, Portland, Oregon, to study engineering, but he dropped out in the second semester and spent time in India. On his return he obtained a job with Atari to design video games, but he soon met up again with Wozniak, who had been unable to interest Hewlett-Packard in commercial development of his home computer. Together they therefore founded Apple Computer Company to make and market it, and found a willing buyer in the Byte Shop chain store. The venture proved successful, and with the help of a financial backer, Mike Markkula, a second version, the Apple II, was developed in 1976. With Jobs as Chairman, the company experienced a phenomenal growth and by 1983 had 4,700 employees and an annual turnover of US$983 million. The company then began to run into difficulties and John Sculley, a former president of Pepsi-Cola, was brought in to manage the business while Jobs concentrated on developing new computers, including the Apple Macintosh. Eventually a power struggle developed, and with Sculley now Chairman and Chief Executive, Jobs resigned in 1985 to set up his own computer company, NeXt.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst National Technology Medal (with Wozniak) 1985.Further ReadingJ.S.Young, 1988, Steve Jobs: The Journey is the Reward: Scott Foresman \& Co. (includes a biography and a detailed account of Apple Company).M.Moritz, 1984, The Little Kingdom. The Private Story of Apple Computers.KF -
8 workstation
1. E-coma powerful, singleuser computer. A workstation is like a personal computer, but it has a more powerful microprocessor and a higher-quality monitor.2. Gen Mgtthe place where a person or small group performs their particular work tasks. A workstation might take the form of an individual unit where a stage of the manufacturing process is completed. A factory may contain many workstations, organized to optimize the production process. In an office environment, a workstation may refer to a desk with a computer, telephone, and other equipment at which one person sits. -
9 Mikroanalyse
Mikroanalyse
microanalysis;
• Mikrobrief airgraph;
• Mikrocomputer für Terminplanung und Notizen personal digital assistant (PDA);
• Mikrodruck microprint;
• Mikroelektronik microelectronics;
• Mikrofilm für die Eingabe in den Computer computer input microfilm;
• Mikrosortierung filmsort;
• Mikroökonomie microeconomics;
• Mikroplanfilm microfiche;
• Mikroprozessor microprocessor;
• Mikroumgebung micro-environment. -
10 серійний
serial; multipleсерійний комп'ютер — commercial computer, serial computer
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11 создание
•Optical elements for realizing low-cost processors...
•The energy required for creating such a charge...
•The generation of such vortices...
•The preparation of new compounds...
•The evolution of the personal computer followed the advent of the microprocessor.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > создание
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12 ЭВМ на базе матрицы микропроцессоров
Microelectronics: microprocessor-array computerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > ЭВМ на базе матрицы микропроцессоров
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13 вычислительная машина на основе матрицы микропроцессоров
Information technology: microprocessor-array computerУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > вычислительная машина на основе матрицы микропроцессоров
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14 микропроцессорная вычислительная система для климатических данных
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > микропроцессорная вычислительная система для климатических данных
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15 микропроцессорная вычислительная система для обработки климатических данных
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > микропроцессорная вычислительная система для обработки климатических данных
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16 микропроцессорная система управления
1) Engineering: micro-computer controller2) Household appliances: microprocessor control system3) Automation: microintegrated systemУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > микропроцессорная система управления
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17 CVE
CPU, Central Processing Unit, microprocessor, main chip in a computer (Computers) -
18 MAC
medium access control — управление доступом к среде (т.е. к линиям связи)multiply accumulator — перемножитель с накопительным сумматором; цифровой интеграторmedium-access control — управление доступом к среде ( УДС) передачи, протокол MAC2. percentage of macrophyte area covered — процент площади, занятой макрофитами -
19 MPC
maximum permissible concentration — предельная концентрация; ПК2. см. MWPC -
20 взрыватель с дистанционным управлением
Русско-английский военно-политический словарь > взрыватель с дистанционным управлением
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См. также в других словарях:
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microprocessor — ► NOUN ▪ an integrated circuit containing all the functions of a central processing unit of a computer … English terms dictionary
