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61 channel
1) канал2) канал связи, информационный канал3) дорожка•- audio channel
- backward channel
- back channel
- band-limited channel
- bearer channel
- block-multiplexed channel
- buffered channel
- bypass channel
- byte-at-time channel
- byte-multiplexed channel
- check channel
- clock channel
- coherent channel
- communication channel
- continuous-amplitude channel
- covert channel
- covert storage channel
- covert timing channel
- data channel
- data link channel
- data transfer channel
- data transmission channel
- dedicated channel
- direct-memory-access channel
- duplex channel
- event channel
- fact-acting channel
- forward channel
- four-wire channel
- frequency channel
- Gaussian channel
- Gauss channel
- half-duplex channel
- IDE channel
- idle channel
- inbound channel
- information bearer channel
- information channel
- input channel
- input/output channel
- interconnection channel
- interface channel
- interrupt channel
- leased channel
- logical channel
- lossless channel
- lower-bit-rate channel
- memoryless channel
- multiaccess broadcast channel
- multiplexer channel
- multiplex channel
- noiseless channel
- noisy channel
- one-way only channel
- optical communication channel
- outbound channel
- output channel
- paper tape channel
- peripheral interface channel
- pivot channel
- primary channel
- programmed channel
- read/write channel
- recording channel
- reverse channel
- routing channel
- secongary channel
- selector channel
- semaphor channel
- simplex channel
- single-ended channel
- sprocket channel
- storage channel
- symmetric channel
- tape channel
- temporary storage channel
- time-derived channel
- timing channel
- transmission channel
- two-wire channel
- unidirectional channel
- video channel
- voice channel
- voice-band channel
- voice-grade channelEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > channel
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62 filter
1) фильтр || фильтровать3) фильтр, фильтрующая команда•- Butterworth filter
- Chebyshev filter
- coding filter
- compensating filter
- continuous filter
- data filter
- decimation filter
- digital filter
- direct form filter
- discontinuous filter
- feedback filter
- finite impulse response filter
- FIR filter
- high-pass filter
- IIR filter
- infinite impulse response filter
- infinite memory filter
- Kalman filter
- ladder-type filter
- low-pass filter
- median filter
- multistage filter
- optimum detecting filter
- pattern-matching filter
- pipelined filter
- point filter
- quadrature mirror filter
- ripple filter
- security filter
- shaping filter
- smoothing filter
- state-variable filter
- support-limited filter
- suppression filter
- traffic filter
- two-zero filter
- XY filterEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > filter
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63 channel
1) радиоканал, полоса частот шириной 10 кГц, предоставленная службам радиосвязи2) ТВ-канал, полоса частот шириной 6 МГц, предоставленная службам ТВ-вещания3) тракт4) дорожка•- adjacent channel
- aeronautical emergency channel
- air channel
- air-air channel
- air-ground channel
- allocated channel
- alpha channel
- analog channel
- analog data channel
- associated channel
- associated signaling channel
- asynchronous channel
- audio channel
- automatic's line channel
- auxiliary channel
- average-speed signaling channel
- backward channel
- balanced channel
- band-limited channel
- base cable channel
- base RF-channel
- baseband channel
- B-channel
- bidirectional interaction channel
- bidirectional intercom channel
- binary symmetric channel
- binomial channel
- blank channel
- block multiplexor channel
- blue channel
- branching channel
- brightness channel
- broadband channel
- broadband multiplexing channel
- broadcast TV-radio channel
- buffered I/O channel
- bypass channel
- byte-multiplexor channel
- cable channel
- calling channel
- camera channel
- carrier-current channel
- chroma channel
- chrominance channel
- clear channel
- coherent channel
- color channel
- color-difference channel
- color-sync channel
- common-user channel
- communication channel
- complex high-frequency line channel
- confidence channel
- continuous channel
- continuous-discrete channel
- control channel
- covertness-protected channel
- cue channel
- data transfer channel
- data transmission channel
- D-channel
- D-echo channel
- dedicated channel
- deep-sound channel
- delta channel
- department communication channel
- digital data channel
- direct channel
- direct control channel
- direct receiving channel
- direct satellite channel
- discrete channel
- discrete-continuous channel
- dispatch communication channel
- double-pole channel
- drop-insertion channel
- duplex communication channel
- E-channel
- electric communication channel
- electric protection channel
- elementary channel
- emergency-radio channel
- engineering channel
- enhanced discrete channel
- even channel
- exchange channel
- fast channel
- fast-acting channel
- fax-modem channel
- feedback channel
- fiber optic communication channel
- firing channel
- fixed-tuned channel
- forcible-borrowed channel
- forward channel
- forward wideband delivery channel
- four-wire channel
- frequency signaling channel
- full-rate traffic channel
- green channel
- group channel
- guard channel
- half-duplex channel
- half-rate traffic channel
- H-channel
- head channel
- health channel
- HF broadband channel
- HF multiplexed channel
- high voltage aerial cable line channel
- highest grade channel
- high-frequency channel
- high-speed signaling channel
- high-voltage aerial line channel
- high-voltage cable line channel
- high-voltage tone line channel
- hydroacoustic channel
- I channel
- ideal channel
- image channel
- in-band orderwire channel
- induced channel
- information bearer channel
- information channel
- infrared channel
- input channel
- input-output channel
- interaction channel
- intercepting-protected channel
- interference channel
- intermodulation channel
- internal phase channel
- internal wire channel
- intrabasin channel
- intradistrict telegraph channel
- intraregional telegraph channel
- ionospheric channel
- isolated bundled phase channel
- jamming channel
- labeled channel
- labeled-statistical channel
- leased channel
- left front channel
- left rear channel
- left stereophonic channel
- line channel
- linear random channel
- line-of-sight channel
- local channel
- logical channel
- long-communication bypass channel
- long-distance channel
- low-frequency channel
- luminance channel
- M channel
- marine radio communication channel
- memory channel
- memoryless channel
- meteor-burst channel
- mobile communication channel
- monochrome channel
- multipath channel
- multiplexing channel
- noiseless channel
- noisy channel
- noncoherent channel
- nonfixed channel
- nonswitched channel
- nonsynchronous channel
- off-hook channel
- one-piece channel
- one-way channel
- open channel
- optimal channel
- optoelectronic channel
- ordinary channel
- outband channel
- output channel
- parallel access channel
- parallel optical channel
- parasitic channel
- peripheral-interface channel
- phase line channel
- phase-phase pitch line channel
- physical channel
- picture channel
- pilot channel
- pipeline control channel
- pitch communication channel
- planar channel
- positioned channel
- primary channel
- protection channel
- Q channel
- quadrature channel
- radio communication channel
- radiotelegraph channel
- radiotelephone channel
- read/write channel
- reception channel
- red channel
- relay channel
- relay protected channel
- return channel
- reverse channel
- reverse control channel
- Ricean channel
- right channel
- right front channel
- right rear channel
- right stereophonic channel
- road safety channel
- road servicing channel
- S channel
- safety channel
- satellite communication channel
- scatter channel
- secondary channel
- selector channel
- send channel
- sensor channel
- separate resonance channel
- series optical channel
- service communication channel
- shared channel
- ship-to-shore channel
- shore-to-ship channel
- side channel
- signal channel
- signaling channel
- single-beam channel
- single-ended channel
- slow channel
- slow-acting channel
- sound broadcasting channel
- sound channel
- space-craft channel
- special cable-line channel
- speech channel
- standard broadcast channel
- subvoice grade channel
- sum channel
- supervisory channel
- switched channel
- symmetrical channel
- synchronous channel
- telecommunication channel
- telemechanic channel
- telemetering channel
- telephone channel
- television channel
- time-derived channel
- toll cable channel
- tone frequency channel
- top channel
- traffic channel
- train dispatch communication channel
- train radio communication line channel
- transfer channel
- transmission channel
- transmission service channel
- transparent channel
- trunk channel
- TV-frequency channel
- TV-observation channel
- two-wire channel
- video channel
- virtual signaling channel
- voice channel
- voice-band channel
- waste channel
- wave channel
- wire communication channel
- wireless channel
- working channel
- write channelEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > channel
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64 protection
1) защита2) охрана, обеспечение безопасности•- cathode protection
- communication protection
- computer protection
- cut-in protection
- data protection
- distance protection
- double protection
- electronic-shock protection
- encryptic protection
- error protection
- external-field protection
- falling-voltage protection
- fault protection
- file protection
- frequency protection
- jamming protection
- lightning protection
- limited protection
- memory-overwrite protection
- noise protection
- overload protection
- parole protection
- relay protection
- selective protection
- software protection
- storage protection
- time protection
- time-interval protection
- traffic-overload protection
- voice-signal protection
- wrong connection protectionEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > protection
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65 footprint
•• * Актуальное слово footprint не совсем удачно отражено в большинстве переводных словарей: след, отпечаток – вот и все. Упущено значение, описываемое в American Heritage Dictionary как the surface space occupied by a structure or device: the footprint of a building; a microcomputer with a space-saving footprint... Видимо, для словарных целей это можно перевести как площадь/очертания в основании (в градостроении принят термин пятно застройки). В переводе второго примера вполне можно сказать микрокомпьютер, занимающий минимум места (компьютерный словарь ABBYY Lingvo дает вариант перевода опорная поверхность; площадь основания [ устройства]). Также из области компьютерной техники: memory footprint – занимаемый, требуемый объем памяти.
•• AHD дает еще два технических значения: 3. An area within which a spacecraft is supposed to land. 4. A designated area affected or covered by a device or phenomenon: the footprint of a communications satellite. В первом случае – ( расчетный) район посадки, а во втором можно, наверное, сказать зона охвата. В автомобильном контексте footprint – пятно контакта ( шины).
•• Очень часто это слово встречается в словосочетаниях ecological footprint и military footprint. В этих случаях оно довольно капризно в переводе.
•• Что касается ecological footprint, то, казалось бы, все просто – воздействие человека на природу или экологическое воздействие.
•• В переводе следующего примера такой вариант вполне приемлем:
•• Humanity’s use of natural resources, or Ecological Footprint, has exceeded the regenerative capacity of the Earth since the 1980s. The finding is outlined in a paper to be published this week in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
•• Но оказывается, ecological footprint – это и количественный показатель. Две цитаты с экологических сайтов:
•• The ecological footprint is an accounting tool for ecological resources. Categories of human consumption are translated into areas of productive land required to provide resources and assimilate waste products. The ecological footprint is a measure of how sustainable our life-styles are.
•• Вторая цитата содержит конкретную величину:
•• The ecological footprint of the average Canadian adds up to 4.8 hectares. This is the total amount of land required for food, housing, transport, consumer goods and services.
•• Вариант коэффициент экологического воздействия не подходит, поскольку коэффициент, насколько я знаю, не измеряется в таких абсолютных мерах площади, как гектар. Возможно, стоит калькировать этот термин – экологический след, и на российских экологических сайтах это словосочетание встречается уже довольно часто.
•• В военной терминологии значение этого слова, по мнению специалистов, еще не устоялось – оно может означать район выпадения радиоактивных осадков, а также зона поражения, например, при разрыве снаряда. В ином употреблении это слово встречалось в высказываниях министра обороны США Рамсфелда, и, по-моему, можно говорить о появлении нового значения. Во всяком случае, для переводных словарей это интересно (в толковых словарях невключение этого значения может быть оправдано аргументом, что это просто метафорическое употребление слова). Несколько примеров.
•• Статья в International Herald Tribune называется A shrinking global footprint for US forces. Далее в тексте это слово не встречается, но первое предложение раскрывает смысл заголовка:
•• In the wake of war, the Pentagon is positioned to rethink where troops are based abroad as well as military priorities.
•• Две цитаты из газеты Сhristian Science Monitor:
•• 1. The Pentagon’s goal: shrink its footprint in foreign lands, but retain enough power and flexibility to defend American interests.
•• 2. With a bigger footprint in Iraq, the US would also gain greater access to a region where it has been relatively limited since the days of Iran’s pro-US Shah.
•• Как мне кажется, самым лучшим вариантом для перевода этого значения footprint было бы развертывание или присутствие.
•• Встречается и контекстуальное употребление, близкое к значению влияние:
•• Even while traveling in Europe and the Middle East ( nine countries in eight days), Rice’s footprint could be felt on decisionmaking back in Washington. (Chrisrtian Science Monitor) - Даже находясь в поездке по Европе и Ближнему Востоку, Райс оказывала сильное влияние на решения, принимаемые в Вашингтоне.
•• Но и здесь, пожалуй, может подойти присутствие: Присутствие Райс в процессе принятия решений ощущалось даже тогда, когда она разъезжала по Европе и Ближнему Востоку.
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66 capacity
n1) вместимость, емкость, объем2) способность3) компетенция; должность, положение4) юр. правоспособность; дееспособность5) мощность; производительность; выработка
- absorbing capacity
- absorptive capacity
- accumulating capacity
- active capacity
- aggregate capacity
- annual capacity
- available capacity
- average capacity
- bale capacity
- borrowing capacity
- bunker capacity
- business capacity
- buying capacity
- cargo capacity
- cargo-carrying capacity
- carrying capacity
- channel capacity
- competitive capacity
- consuming capacity
- contractual capacity
- credit capacity
- cubic capacity
- daily capacity
- deadweight capacity
- deadweight carrying capacity
- deadweight loading capacity
- delivery capacity
- designed capacity
- discharge capacity
- disposing capacity
- dual capacity
- earning capacity
- effective capacity
- enterprise capacity
- estimated capacity
- excess capacity
- expected annual capacity
- factory capacity
- field capacity
- financial capacity
- freight capacity
- freight-carrying capacity
- freight-hauling capacity
- fresh capacity
- full operating capacity
- grazing capacity
- growth capacity
- guaranteed capacity
- handling capacity
- hourly capacity
- idle capacity
- indicated capacity
- industrial capacity
- labour capacity
- land capacity
- legal capacity
- lending capacity
- limited legal capacity
- load capacity
- load-carrying capacity
- load-lifting capacity
- machine capacity
- manufacturing capacity
- market capacity
- maximum capacity
- memory capacity
- milking capacity
- net capacity
- nominal capacity
- operating capacity
- operational capacity
- output capacity
- overload capacity
- paying capacity
- peak capacity
- planned capacity
- plant capacity
- plough capacity
- population carrying capacity
- port capacity
- practical capacity
- producing capacity
- production capacity
- productive capacity
- profit-earning capacity
- project capacity
- projected capacity
- purchasing capacity
- rated capacity
- readily convertible capacities
- relative capacity
- reserve capacity
- seating capacity
- spare capacity
- specific capacity
- spending capacity
- standard capacity
- storage capacity
- store capacity
- surplus capacity
- tank capacity
- taxable capacity
- theoretical capacity
- total capacity
- traffic capacity
- transport capacity
- ultimate capacity
- unused capacity
- useful capacity
- warehousing capacity
- working capacity
- yearly capacity
- yielding capacity
- capacity for growth
- capacity for work
- capacity of a car
- capacity of a plant
- capacity per unit
- capacity to contract a loan
- capacity to incur liability
- capacity to pay
- capacity to work
- in a consultative capacity
- in a managerial capacity
- in an official capacity
- in a professional capacity
- in a supervisory capacity
- in an unofficial capacity
- achieve the guaranteed capacity
- attain the guaranteed capacity
- operate at full capacity
- raise competitive capacity of goods
- reach the designed capacity
- reach the guaranteed capacity
- work at capacity
- work to capacity
- work below capacityEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > capacity
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67 process
1) процесс2) процедура3) технологический процесс || технологический4) приём, способ5) обрабатывать; перерабатывать•process with independent increments — процесс с независимыми приращениями, аддитивный процесс
process with nonstationary increments — процесс с нестационарными приращениями, неоднородный во времени процесс
process with stationary and independent increments — процесс со стационарными и независимыми приращениями, однородный процесс
- absorbing barrier process - basic oxygen process - direct reduction process - discrete process - discrete-time process - linearly singular process - locally integrable process - locally stable process - multistep process - multivariate process - N-dimensional process - partially mixing process - process of hidden periodicities - steady stochastic process - temporally homogeneous process - weakly ergodic process - weakly stationary processprocess with stationary increments — процесс со стационарными приращениями, однородный во времени процесс
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68 infinite
1. n бесконечность, бесконечное пространство или время; безграничность2. n разг. масса, множество3. n мат. бесконечно большая величина4. a бесконечный, беспредельный, безграничный5. a мат. бесконечный; бесконечно большой6. a эмоц. -усил. несметный, неисчислимый; бесчисленный7. a грам. неличный8. a тех. сверхчувствительныйСинонимический ряд:1. countless (adj.) countless; immeasurable; inestimable; innumerable; measureless; uncountable2. endless (adj.) boundless; endless; eternal; illimitable; indefinite; interminable; limitless; perdurable; sempiternal; supertemporal; unbounded; unfathomable; unlimited; unmeasured; utterly immense3. eternal (adj.) eternalАнтонимический ряд: -
69 large
1. a большой, крупный2. a эк. крупный; крупного масштабаlarge quantity item — предмет, отпускаемый крупными партиями
3. a многочисленный4. a обильный5. a крупномасштабный, массовый6. a широкий, большого диапазона7. a щедрый, великодушный8. a амер. сл. полный энтузиазма, восторженный9. a амер. разг. хвастливый, заносчивый10. a мор. попутный, благоприятный11. adv широко, пространноgeneral public, public at large — широкая публика
12. adv крупно13. adv хвастливо, напыщенноto talk large — хвастаться, похваляться; выпендриваться
Синонимический ряд:1. big (adj.) big; bull; colossal; considerable; enormous; extensive; fat; gigantic; grand; great; healthy; hefty; huge; husky; immense; large-scale; major; massive; oversize; sizable2. general (adj.) all-inclusive; all-round; broad; comprehensive; expansive; extended; far-reaching; general; global; inclusive; overall; sweeping; wide-ranging; widespread3. important (adj.) consequential; historic; important; material; meaningful; momentous; significant; substantial; weighty4. plentiful (adj.) abundant; ample; copious; liberal; multitudinous; plentifulАнтонимический ряд:abbreviated; attenuated; bigoted; brief; circumscribed; contracted; diminutive; dwarfish; illiberal; infinitesimal; insignificant; limited; little; meagre; mean -
70 Bouchon, Basile
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c.1725 Lyon, France[br]French pioneer in automatic pattern selection for weaving.[br]In the earliest draw looms, the pattern to be woven was selected by means of loops of string that were loosely tied round the appropriate leashes, which had to be lifted to make that pick of the pattern by raising the appropriate warp threads. In Isfahan, Persia, looms were seen in the 1970s where a boy sat in the top of the loom. Before the weaver could weave the next pick, the boy selected the appropriate loop of string, pulled out those leashes which were tied in it and lifted them up by means of a forked stick. The weaver below him held up these leashes by a pair of wooden sticks and sent the shuttle through that shed while the boy was sorting out the next loop of string with its leashes. When the pick had been completed, the first loop was dropped further down the leashes and, presumably, when the whole sequence of that pattern was finished, all the loops had be pushed up the leashes to the top of the loom again.Models in the Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, Paris, show that in 1725 Bouchon, a worker in Lyon, dispensed with the loops of string and selected the appropriate leashes by employing a band of pierced paper pressed against a row of horizontal wires by the drawboy using a hand-bar so as to push forward those which happened to lie opposite the blank spaces. These connected with loops at the lower extremity of vertical wires linked to the leashes at the top of the loom. The vertical wires could be pulled down by a comb-like rack beside the drawboy at the side of the loom in order to pull up the appropriate leashes to make the next shed. Bouchon seems to have had only one row of needles or wires, which must have limited the width of the patterns. This is an early form of mechanical memory, used in computers much later. The apparatus was improved subsequently by Falcon and Jacquard.[br]Further ReadingA.Barlow, 1878, The History and Principles of Weaving by Hand and by Power, London (a brief description of Bouchon's apparatus).M.Daumas (ed.), 1968, Histoire générale des techniques Vol. III: L'Expansion dumachinisme, Paris (a description of this apparatus, with a diagram). Conservatoire National des Arts et Métiers, 1942, Catalogue du musée, section T, industries textiles, teintures et apprêts, Paris (another brief description; a model can be seen in this museum).C.Singer, (ed.), 1957, A History of Technology, Vol. III, Oxford: Clarendon Press (provides an illustration of Bouchon's apparatus).RLH -
71 zero
"To fill or replace with zeros (for example, to zero a specified portion of memory, a field, or some other limited structure)." -
72 EEPROM
"A type of EPROM that can be erased with an electrical signal. It is useful for stable storage for long periods without electricity while still allowing reprogramming. EEPROMs contain less memory than RAM, take longer to reprogram, and can be reprogrammed only a limited number of times before wearing out."
См. также в других словарях:
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