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1 Maxim machine gun
Оружейное производство: станковый пулемёт Максима -
2 Maxim machine-gun
Военный термин: станковый пулемёт Максима -
3 Maxim machine gun
מקלע מקסים, מכונת הירייה היעילה הראשונה* * *◙ הנושארה הליעיה הייריה תנוכמ,םיסקמ עלקמ◄ -
4 Maxim machine gun
eerste efficiënte machinegeweer dat gemakkelijk te hanteren is in de strijd -
5 Maxim machine gun
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6 Maxim machine gun
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7 maxim machine gun
n станковий кулемет максима -
8 Maxim
['mæksɪm]сущ.; = Maxim machine gunмаксим, станковый пулемёт Максима -
9 Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
[br]b. 5 February 1840 Brockway's Mills, Maine, USAd. 24 November 1916 Streatham, London, England[br]American (naturalized British) inventor; designer of the first fully automatic machine gun and of an experimental steam-powered aircraft.[br]Maxim was born the son of a pioneer farmer who later became a wood turner. Young Maxim was first apprenticed to a carriage maker and then embarked on a succession of jobs before joining his uncle in his engineering firm in Massachusetts in 1864. As a young man he gained a reputation as a boxer, but it was his uncle who first identified and encouraged Hiram's latent talent for invention.It was not, however, until 1878, when Maxim joined the first electric-light company to be established in the USA, as its Chief Engineer, that he began to make a name for himself. He developed an improved light filament and his electric pressure regulator not only won a prize at the first International Electrical Exhibition, held in Paris in 1881, but also resulted in his being made a Chevalier de la Légion d'honneur. While in Europe he was advised that weapons development was a more lucrative field than electricity; consequently, he moved to England and established a small laboratory at Hatton Garden, London. He began by investigating improvements to the Gatling gun in order to produce a weapon with a faster rate of fire and which was more accurate. In 1883, by adapting a Winchester carbine, he successfully produced a semi-automatic weapon, which used the recoil to cock the gun automatically after firing. The following year he took this concept a stage further and produced a fully automatic belt-fed weapon. The recoil drove barrel and breechblock to the vent. The barrel then halted, while the breechblock, now unlocked from the former, continued rearwards, extracting the spent case and recocking the firing mechanism. The return spring, which it had been compressing, then drove the breechblock forward again, chambering the next round, which had been fed from the belt, as it did so. Keeping the trigger pressed enabled the gun to continue firing until the belt was expended. The Maxim gun, as it became known, was adopted by almost every army within the decade, and was to remain in service for nearly fifty years. Maxim himself joined forces with the large British armaments firm of Vickers, and the Vickers machine gun, which served the British Army during two world wars, was merely a refined version of the Maxim gun.Maxim's interests continued to occupy several fields of technology, including flight. In 1891 he took out a patent for a steam-powered aeroplane fitted with a pendulous gyroscopic stabilizer which would maintain the pitch of the aeroplane at any desired inclination (basically, a simple autopilot). Maxim decided to test the relationship between power, thrust and lift before moving on to stability and control. He designed a lightweight steam-engine which developed 180 hp (135 kW) and drove a propeller measuring 17 ft 10 in. (5.44 m) in diameter. He fitted two of these engines into his huge flying machine testrig, which needed a wing span of 104 ft (31.7 m) to generate enough lift to overcome a total weight of 4 tons. The machine was not designed for free flight, but ran on one set of rails with a second set to prevent it rising more than about 2 ft (61 cm). At Baldwyn's Park in Kent on 31 July 1894 the huge machine, carrying Maxim and his crew, reached a speed of 42 mph (67.6 km/h) and lifted off its rails. Unfortunately, one of the restraining axles broke and the machine was extensively damaged. Although it was subsequently repaired and further trials carried out, these experiments were very expensive. Maxim eventually abandoned the flying machine and did not develop his idea for a stabilizer, turning instead to other projects. At the age of almost 70 he returned to the problems of flight and designed a biplane with a petrol engine: it was built in 1910 but never left the ground.In all, Maxim registered 122 US and 149 British patents on objects ranging from mousetraps to automatic spindles. Included among them was a 1901 patent for a foot-operated suction cleaner. In 1900 he became a British subject and he was knighted the following year. He remained a larger-than-life figure, both physically and in character, until the end of his life.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier de la Légion d'Honneur 1881. Knighted 1901.Bibliography1908, Natural and Artificial Flight, London. 1915, My Life, London: Methuen (autobiography).Further ReadingObituary, 1916, Engineer (1 December).Obituary, 1916, Engineering (1 December).P.F.Mottelay, 1920, The Life and Work of Sir Hiram Maxim, London and New York: John Lane.Dictionary of National Biography, 1912–1921, 1927, Oxford: Oxford University Press.See also: Pilcher, Percy SinclairCM / JDSBiographical history of technology > Maxim, Sir Hiram Stevens
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10 Gatling gun
Первый американский пулемет (1862), предшественник "максима" [ Maxim, The]; назван по фамилии изобретателя [ Gatling, Richard Jordan]. Скорострельность - 350 выстрелов в минуту при 5-10 барабанах. Начал использоваться в конце Гражданской войны и находился на вооружении армии США с 1866 по 1911, позже был взят на вооружение многими зарубежными армиями. Активно применялся в борьбе с индейцами. В 20-е гг. XX в. служил основным оружием нью-йоркским и бостонским гангстерамтж Gatling machine gunEnglish-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Gatling gun
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11 맥심총
maxim machine gun -
12 станковый пулемёт Максима
1) Military: Maxim machine-gun2) Arms production: Maxim machine gunУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > станковый пулемёт Максима
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13 максим
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14 картечница
machine-gun; sl. coffee-grinderлека картечница a submachine gunтежка картечница a (heavy) machine-gunсамолетна/авиационна картечница an aircraft machine-gunпротивосамолетна/зенитна картечница an anti-aircraft machine-gunговоря като картечница talk nineteen to the dozen* * *картѐчница,ж., -и воен. machine-gun; sl. coffee-grinder; зенитна \картечницаа anti-aircraft machine-gun; лека \картечницаа submachine gun; самолетна/авиационна \картечницаа aircraft machine-gun; тежка \картечницаа (heavy) machine-gun; • говоря като \картечницаа talk nineteen to the dozen.* * *machine gun: an aircraft картечница - самолетна картечница; maxim* * *1. machine-gun;sl. coffee-grinder 2. говоря като КАРТЕЧНИЦА talk nineteen to the dozen 3. лека КАРТЕЧНИЦА а submachine gun 4. противосамолетна/зенитна КАРТЕЧНИЦА an anti-aircraft machine-gun 5. самолетна/авиационна КАРТЕЧНИЦА an aircraft machine-gun 6. тежка КАРТЕЧНИЦА a (heavy) machine-gun -
15 Gatling, Dr Richard Jordan
[br]b. 12 September 1818 Winston, North Carolina, USAd. 26 February 1903 New York, USA[br]American weapons designer and metallurgist.[br]Gatling first became interested in inventing when helping his father develop more-efficient agricultural machines, and as early as 1839 he developed a screw propeller for ships. Shortly after this he was struck down by smallpox, and it was this that caused him, when he recovered, to study medicine; he did this at the Ohio Medical College, graduating in 1850. The outbreak of the American Civil War in 1861 triggered an immediate interest in weaponry and he set about designing a rapid-fire weapon, which would both bear his name and be one of the forerunners of the machine gun: he completed his design of the Gatling Gun in 1862. His concept of using several barrels was not unique, with other inventors such as the Belgian Fafschamps and the Frenchman Reffye also employing it. However, Catling's gun was superior to the others in the soundness of its engineering. The rounds were fed through a hopper on top of the gun into the chambers of each barrel, and the barrels themselves were fixed in a cluster. An endless screw operated by a hand crank controlled the operation, opening the breech of each barrel in turn, enabling the round to drop into the chamber through a series of grooves, and then closing the breech and releasing the striker. In the face of fierce competition, the Gatling was adopted by the US Army in 1866, and many other armies followed suit. Although a version powered by an electric motor was introduced in 1893, the Gatling was gradually superseded by the fully automatic machine gun, first developed by Maxim. Even so, such was the excellence of the Gatling's mechanics that the concept was readopted by the Americans in the late 1950s and employed in such systems as the Vulcan air-defence gun and the airborne Minigun. Gatling's inventions did not end with his gun. In 1886 he developed a new steel and aluminium alloy and also experimented with the production of cast-steel cannon.CMBiographical history of technology > Gatling, Dr Richard Jordan
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16 géppuska
(DE) Maschinengewehr {s}; (EN) belt-fed; machine gun; machine-gun; maxim gun
См. также в других словарях:
Maxim machine gun — first fully automatic machine gun (q.v.), developed by engineer and inventor Hiram Maxim in about 1884, while he was residing in England. It was manufactured by Vickers and was sometimes known as the Vickers Maxim and sometimes just Vickers … Universalium
Maxim machine gun — first efficient machine gun which was sufficiently mobile to be used in combat … English contemporary dictionary
Machine gun — [ thumb|200px|An illustration of later model 19th century Gatling gun. It was a multi barreled rotary machine gun fired via a manual crank, which mechanically loaded and primed cartridges from the hopper above the gun] : For other uses of the… … Wikipedia
machine gun — a small arm operated by a mechanism, able to deliver a rapid and continuous fire of bullets as long as the trigger is pressed. [1865 70] * * * Automatic weapon capable of rapid, sustained fire, usually 500–1,000 rounds per minute. Developed in… … Universalium
Heavy machine gun — A heavy machine gun refers to either a larger caliber, high power machine gun or one of the smaller, medium caliber (rifle caliber) machine guns meant for prolonged firing from heavy mounts, less mobile, or static positions (or some combination… … Wikipedia
machine gun — (Roget s IV) n. Syn. automatic rifle, assault rifle, semi automatic rifle, automatic arms, light arms, light orDNAnce, Tommy gun*, burp gun*; see also gun 1 , 2 , weapon 1 . Types of machine guns include: pom pom, mitrailleuse, Garand, AK 47, M… … English dictionary for students
Machine Gun — A generic term for an automatic weapon capable of firing small arms ammunition continuously and rapidly. The first cyclic firing weapon constructed was probably James Puckle’s Defence gun from 1718. The Gatling gun, constructed by Richard… … Encyclopedia of the Age of Imperialism, 1800–1914
machine gun — I noun a rapidly firing automatic gun (often mounted) (Freq. 8) • Hypernyms: ↑automatic firearm, ↑automatic gun, ↑automatic weapon • Hyponyms: ↑automatic rifle, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
machine gun — /məˈʃin gʌn/ (say muh sheen gun) noun a small arm operated by a mechanism, able to deliver a rapid and continuous fire of bullets as long as the firer keeps pressure on the trigger. –machine gunner, noun The first automatic machine gun was… …
PV-1 machine gun — PV 1 ( Pulemet Vozdushny , airborne machine gun) is a version of Maxim machine gun for mounting on aircraft (no cooler installed) … Wikipedia
Vickers machine gun — Infobox Weapon name= Vickers Medium Machine Gun caption= Vickers MMG and crew origin=flagcountry|United Kingdom type= Medium machine gun is ranged=yes is UK=yes service= 1912–1968 used by= See Users wars= World War I, World War II, Korean War… … Wikipedia
