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41 неподвижная точка
Наиболее распространенная в экономике методика установления существования равновесной системы уравнений заключается в постановке проблемы как поиска неподвижной точки построенной соответствующим образом функции или соответствия. Причина следования этим, часто обходным путем заключается в том, что важные математические теоремы для доказательства существования неподвижных точек легко доступны. — In economics the most frequent technique for establishing the existence of solutions to an equilibrium system of equations consists of setting up the problem as the search for a fixed point of a suitably constructed function or correspondence. The reason for proceeding in this, often roundabout, way is that important mathematical theorems for proving the existence of fixed points are readily available.
точка пересечения кривых спроса и предельных затрат — intersection of the demand and marginal-cost curves
Конкурентная цена может определяться точкой пересечения кривых спроса и предельных затрат. — The competitive price can be determined by the intersection of the demand and marginal-cost curves.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > неподвижная точка
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42 теорема о неподвижной точке
Наиболее распространенная в экономике методика установления существования решений равновесной системы уравнений заключается в постановке проблемы как поиска неподвижной точки построенной соответствующим образом функции или соответствия. Причина следования этим, часто обходным путем заключается в том, что важные математические теоремы для доказательства существования неподвижных точек легко доступны. — In economics the most frequent technique for establishing the existence of solutions to an equilibrium system of equations consists of setting up the problem as the search for a fixed point of a suitably constructed function or correspondence. The reason for proceeding in this, often roundabout, way is that important mathematical theorems for proving the existence of fixed points are readily available.
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > теорема о неподвижной точке
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43 game theory
Gen Mgta mathematical technique used in operational research to analyze and predict the outcomes of games of strategy and conflicts of interest. Game theory is used to represent conflicts and problems involved in formulating marketing and organizational strategy, with the goal of identifying and implementing optimal strategies. It involves assessing likely strategies to be adopted by players in a given situation under a particular set of rules. It was initially developed by John Von Neumann, who later developed the theory further with Oskar Morgenstern to apply it to economics. -
44 simulation
Gen Mgtthe construction of a mathematical model to imitate the behavior of a real-world situation or system in order to test the outcomes of alternative courses of action. Simulation was used in a military context by the Chinese as many as 5,000 years ago and has applications in the fields of science, research and development, economics, and business systems. The use of simulation has become more widespread since the development of computers in the 1950s, which facilitated the manipulation of large quantities of data and made it possible to model more complex systems. Simulation techniques are used in situations where reallife experimentation would be impossible, costly, or dangerous, and for training purposes.
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