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101 intendance
intendance [ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃s]feminine noun[d'école] school administration• les problèmes d'intendance the day-to-day problems of running a house (or a company) ; (Military) the problems of supply* * *ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃s* * *ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃s nf1) MILITAIRE supply corps2) (= bureau) supplies office3) ÉDUCATION bursar's office* * *intendance nf1 Scol ( service) administration; (bureau, personnel) administrative offices; il faut que l'intendance suive backup is necessary; l'intendance ne suit pas the backup is not forthcoming;2 Hist ( charge d'intendant) intendancy.[ɛ̃tɑ̃dɑ̃s] nom féminin1. MILITAIRE [pour l'ensemble de l'armée de terre] Supply Corps[dans un régiment] quartermaster stores2. ÉDUCATION [service, bureau] (domestic) bursar's office[gestion] school management -
102 apparātus (adp-)
apparātus (adp-) ūs, m [apparo], a preparing, providing, preparation, getting ready: operis: strepere apparatu belli, L.: belli apparatūs. — Apparatus, tools, implements, engines, supplies, material, instruments: ingens belli, L.: apparatus et munitiones, military engines, N.: oppugnandarum urbium, L.: auxiliorum apparatus, L.—Magnificence, splendor, pomp, state: prandiorum: Persicos odi apparatūs, H.: apparatu regio uti, N.: ludorum. — Of style, display, elaboration: dicere nullo apparatu. -
103 компенсировать
•The extra positive and negative charges could compensate each other.
•The two trays are independently mounted and the movement of each is opposed to the other to cancel out the forces set up by each tray.
•To compensate for the loss of steam,...
•This pump immediately adjusts its stroke to compensate for any variation in line pressure.
•Voltage drop is compensated by a resistor.
•This effect could be counterbalanced by using more material.
•The valve supplies fluid to make up for external losses.
•Blending sand had to be added to make up for a deficiency in fines.
•The saving of steel might offset the high fabrication costs.
•The moisture brought in with the air would be offset by the reduction in moisture diffusion.
* * *Компенсировать -- to compensate for, to (counter)balance for, to offset, to make up for; to accommodate, to overcomeThe higher turbine inlet temperature obtained with this unit compensates for the loss in efficiency due to the coal-gasification process.They have been individually balanced for their inherent capacitance.Dry operation leads to improved cycle efficiency to offset expected higher fuel costs.The increase in vapor density with increase in pressure accommodates the increasing vapor mass flow rate.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > компенсировать
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104 instalacijski materijal
• installation supplies• installation material• installation fittings -
105 tarvike
yks.nom. tarvike; yks.gen. tarvikkeen; yks.part. tarviketta; yks.ill. tarvikkeeseen; mon.gen. tarvikkeiden tarvikkeitten; mon.part. tarvikkeita; mon.ill. tarvikkeisiin tarvikkeihinarticle (noun)equipment (noun)item (noun)* * *• equipment• supplies• merchandise• thing• material• essence• element• article• item -
106 материально-техническое снабжение
экон. logistics, logistical support, material support, maintenance supply, supplies of materials and machineryДополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > материально-техническое снабжение
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107 материально-хозяйственное обеспечение
logistics, logistical support, material support, maintenance supply, supplies of materials and machineryДополнительный универсальный русско-английский словарь > материально-хозяйственное обеспечение
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108 potrzeb|a
Ⅰ f 1. sgt (nieodparte pragnienie) need- potrzeba samorealizacji/sprawdzenia się the need for fulfilment/to test oneself- potrzeba miłości/przyjaźni/wymiany myśli the need for love/friendship/exchange of views- nagła a. gwałtowna potrzeba an emergency- odczuwać potrzebę zwierzeń to feel the need to confide in sb- będziemy uzupełniać zapasy w miarę potrzeby we’ll be restocking supplies should the need arise- przedłużymy ci urlop w razie potrzeby your leave will be prolonged if need be a. if necessary- nie dzwoń do mnie bez potrzeby don’t phone me unnecessarily- wiedziony potrzebą serca pomagał sierotom he had a heartfelt need to help the orphans2. euf. potrzeba fizjologiczna a need to relieve oneself 3. zw. pl (rzecz niezbędna do życia) need- potrzeby materialne/bytowe/mieszkaniowe material/existential/housing needs- zaspokajać elementarne/najpilniejsze potrzeby to meet the basic/most urgent needs- artykuły a. towary pierwszej potrzeby necessities4. sgt (ciężkie położenie) być/znaleźć się w potrzebie to be/find oneself in need- przyjść komuś z pomocą w ciężkiej potrzebie to come to sb’s help in need- nie opuścić a. zostawić kogoś w potrzebie not to abandon sb in needⅡ praed. potrzeba nam nowych pracowników we need new workers- czego ci potrzeba? what do you need?- mówisz więcej, niż potrzeba you speak more than is necessaryThe New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > potrzeb|a
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109 تجهيزات
تَجْهِيزات: مُعَدّات، لَوَازِم، أجْهِزَةequipment(s), supplies, furnishings, fittings, outfit, gear, apparatus, rig(ging), tackle, materiel, material(s), paraphernalia, appliances, implements, tools, utensils, articles of equipment; fixtures, installations -
110 عتاد
عَتَاد (حَرْبِيّ)(war) material, (war) materiel; ammunition; ordnance, military supplies; accouterments -
111 لوازم
لَوَازِمnecessaries, needs, necessities, requisites, prerequisites, exigencies, requirements; fixtures, fittings, equipment(s), supplies, outfit, gear, material(s), stuff -
112 معدات
مُعَدّات: أجْهِزَة، تَجْهِيزَات، أدَواتequipment(s), outfit, gear, apparatus, material(s), materiel, paraphernalia, supplies, furnishings, fittings, appliances, implements, devices, tools, instruments, gadgets, articles -
113 материально-техническое обслуживание
purchasing, material and technical supplies serviceРусско-Английский новый экономический словарь > материально-техническое обслуживание
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114 Copia
1.cōpĭa, ae, f. [co-ops], abundant power, wealth, riches, abundance (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).I.Of material objects.A.Of possessions, resources, wealth, supplies, riches, prosperity (syn.: divitiae, opes;B.opp. inopia): pro re nitorem et gloriam pro copiā,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 5: divitiarum fructus in copiā est;copiam autem declarat satietas rerum et abundantia,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 47; Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 32:copiis rei familiaris locupletes et pecuniosi,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:utrum copiane sit agri, vectigalium, pecuniae, an penuria,
id. Inv. 2, 39, 115:frugum,
id. Dom. 7, 17: publicani suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam contulerunt, id. Imp. Pomp. [p. 467] 7, 17:circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantiā vivere,
id. Lael. 15, 52 and 55; id. Deiot. 5, 14; Caes. B. G. 4, 4 fin.; Hor. C. 3, 29, 9:Plenior ut si quos delectet copia justo,
id. S. 1, 1, 57:Si recte frueris non est ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,
id. Ep. 1, 12, 2; Ov. M. 8, 838:exercitus omnium rerum abundabat copiā,
Caes. B. C. 1, 49:abundans omni copiā rerum est regio,
Liv. 29, 25, 12: bonam copiam ejurare, to abjure property, i. e. to declare one's self exempt through poverty, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7.— Poet.:omnis copia narium ( = luxus odorum, Schol.),
Hor. C. 2, 15, 6.—In respect to other objects, fulness, copiousness, multitude, number, abundance:2.meretricum,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 34:tanta copia venustatum aderat,
id. Poen. 5, 4, 5:quorum (librorum) habeo Antii festivam copiam,
Cic. Att. 2, 6, 1:tanta copia virorum fortium atque innocentium,
id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:tanta doctissimorum hominum,
Sall. H. 1, 1 Dietsch:magna latronum in eā regione,
id. C. 28, 4:tubicinum,
id. J. 93, 8:procorum,
Ov. M. 10, 356:nimborum,
Lucr. 6, 511 et saep.—In milit. lang. copia, and far more freq. in plur. copiae, ārum, men, troops, forces, army.(α).Sing.:(β).omnis armatorum copia,
Cic. Att. 13, 52, 2:eā copiā, quam secum eduxit, se hanc civitatem oppressurum arbitratur,
id. Mur. 37, 78:ex omni copiā eligere aliquos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48; id. B. C. 1, 45; Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 3; Sall. C. 56, 2 Kritz; 61, 5.—More freq. plur., orig. of a body of troops as made up of smaller bodies; cf. Engi. troops; the forces, troops, etc.:II.armare quam maximas copias,
Sall. J. 13, 1:copias secum adducere,
Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 17; cf.:in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae,
id. Heaut. 4, 2, 2: cogere copias Brundusium, Cn. Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 3; id. Fam. 3, 3, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 1, 12; 1, 13; 1, 25; Nep. Them. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 8, 2; Liv. 40, 44, 3 et saep.—Of immaterial objects, fulness, copiousness, multitude, abundance.A.In gen.:B.Quam tibi de quāvis unā re versibus omnis argumentorum sit copia missa per auris,
Lucr. 1, 417:rerum copia verborum copiam gignit,
Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 125; cf.rerum,
Sall. C. 2, 10; Quint. 7, prooem. §1: inventionis,
id. 11, 3, 56:orationis,
id. 4, 2, 117:sermonis,
id. 8, 6, 5:abundare debet orator exemplorum copiā,
id. 12, 4, 1:tanta facultas dicendi vel copia,
Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 10:verborum,
Quint. 1, 8, 8:in dicendo ubertas et copia,
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 50:dicendi,
id. Red. Sen. 1, 1; id. Top. 18, 67; Quint. 10, 6, 6; and so of fulness in expression, absol., copia, Cic. Brut. 11, 44; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 8, 17:copias eloquentiae ponere in medio,
id. 7, 10, 15:Platonis,
id. 10, 1, 108:Senecae,
id. 12, 10, 11.—Esp., in reference to action, ability, power, might, opportunity, facilities, means of doing a thing.(α).With gen. gerund.:(β).ut mi ejus facias conveniundi copiam,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 90; so,facere,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 29; cf.dare,
id. ib. 28; Verg. A. 1, 520 al.:edundi,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 72:cunctandi,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 58:illius inspectandi,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 84:societatis amicitiaeque conjungendae,
Sall. J. 83, 1 al. —With inf.:(γ).quibus in otio vel magnifice vel molliter vivere copia erat,
Sall. C. 17, 6; so Cat. 64, 366. —With ut:(δ).cum copiam istam mihi et potestatem facis, ut ego, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Mil. 3, 1, 174; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 87 al.—Absol.:2.neque edepol facio: neque, si cupiam, copia est,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 76; id. Trin. 1, 2, 98 al.:ne quam aliam quaerat copiam ac te deserat,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54; cf. Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 22.—So pro copiā, according to one's ability, as one is able: volo habere hic aratiunculam pro copiā hic aput vos. Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 46:pro copiā supplicare Lari familiari,
Cato, R. R. 143, 2:dona pro copiā portantes,
Liv. 26, 11, 9:in vehiculis pro copiā cujusque adornatīs,
Curt. 9, 10, 26.—Esp. with the implication that one can do little: pro eā copiā quae Athenis erat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3:pro rei copiā,
Sall. J. 90, 1:ludi funebres additi pro copiā provinciali et castrensi apparatu,
Liv. 28, 21, 10:iudos pro temporis hujus copiā magnifici apparatus fecerunt,
id. 27, 6, 19. —Access to a person, with gen.: quando ejus copia est. Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 45; cf.:2.obsecrat, ut sibi ejus faciat copiam,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 63.Cōpĭa, ac, f.I.The goddess of abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 46:II.bona,
Ov. M. 9, 88:opulenta,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60 al.—An appellation of the town Lugdunum (Lyons), in Gaul, Inscr. Orell. 194; 2325.—Hence, COPIENSIS,
Inscr. Murat. 753, 3. -
115 copia
1.cōpĭa, ae, f. [co-ops], abundant power, wealth, riches, abundance (very freq. in all periods and species of composition).I.Of material objects.A.Of possessions, resources, wealth, supplies, riches, prosperity (syn.: divitiae, opes;B.opp. inopia): pro re nitorem et gloriam pro copiā,
Plaut. Aul. 3, 6, 5: divitiarum fructus in copiā est;copiam autem declarat satietas rerum et abundantia,
Cic. Par. 6, 2, 47; Plaut. Cist. 1, 1, 32:copiis rei familiaris locupletes et pecuniosi,
Cic. Rosc. Com. 15, 44:utrum copiane sit agri, vectigalium, pecuniae, an penuria,
id. Inv. 2, 39, 115:frugum,
id. Dom. 7, 17: publicani suas rationes et copias in illam provinciam contulerunt, id. Imp. Pomp. [p. 467] 7, 17:circumfluere omnibus copiis atque in omnium rerum abundantiā vivere,
id. Lael. 15, 52 and 55; id. Deiot. 5, 14; Caes. B. G. 4, 4 fin.; Hor. C. 3, 29, 9:Plenior ut si quos delectet copia justo,
id. S. 1, 1, 57:Si recte frueris non est ut copia major Ab Jove donari possit tibi,
id. Ep. 1, 12, 2; Ov. M. 8, 838:exercitus omnium rerum abundabat copiā,
Caes. B. C. 1, 49:abundans omni copiā rerum est regio,
Liv. 29, 25, 12: bonam copiam ejurare, to abjure property, i. e. to declare one's self exempt through poverty, Cic. Fam. 9, 16, 7.— Poet.:omnis copia narium ( = luxus odorum, Schol.),
Hor. C. 2, 15, 6.—In respect to other objects, fulness, copiousness, multitude, number, abundance:2.meretricum,
Plaut. Bacch. 3, 6, 34:tanta copia venustatum aderat,
id. Poen. 5, 4, 5:quorum (librorum) habeo Antii festivam copiam,
Cic. Att. 2, 6, 1:tanta copia virorum fortium atque innocentium,
id. Imp. Pomp. 10, 27; cf.:tanta doctissimorum hominum,
Sall. H. 1, 1 Dietsch:magna latronum in eā regione,
id. C. 28, 4:tubicinum,
id. J. 93, 8:procorum,
Ov. M. 10, 356:nimborum,
Lucr. 6, 511 et saep.—In milit. lang. copia, and far more freq. in plur. copiae, ārum, men, troops, forces, army.(α).Sing.:(β).omnis armatorum copia,
Cic. Att. 13, 52, 2:eā copiā, quam secum eduxit, se hanc civitatem oppressurum arbitratur,
id. Mur. 37, 78:ex omni copiā eligere aliquos,
Caes. B. G. 1, 48; id. B. C. 1, 45; Pompei. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 3; Sall. C. 56, 2 Kritz; 61, 5.—More freq. plur., orig. of a body of troops as made up of smaller bodies; cf. Engi. troops; the forces, troops, etc.:II.armare quam maximas copias,
Sall. J. 13, 1:copias secum adducere,
Ter. Eun. 4, 6, 17; cf.:in angustum oppido nunc meae coguntur copiae,
id. Heaut. 4, 2, 2: cogere copias Brundusium, Cn. Pomp. ap. Cic. Att. 8, 12, A, 3; id. Fam. 3, 3, 2; Caes. B. G. 1, 11; 1, 12; 1, 13; 1, 25; Nep. Them. 2, 4; id. Alcib. 8, 2; Liv. 40, 44, 3 et saep.—Of immaterial objects, fulness, copiousness, multitude, abundance.A.In gen.:B.Quam tibi de quāvis unā re versibus omnis argumentorum sit copia missa per auris,
Lucr. 1, 417:rerum copia verborum copiam gignit,
Cic. de Or. 3, 31, 125; cf.rerum,
Sall. C. 2, 10; Quint. 7, prooem. §1: inventionis,
id. 11, 3, 56:orationis,
id. 4, 2, 117:sermonis,
id. 8, 6, 5:abundare debet orator exemplorum copiā,
id. 12, 4, 1:tanta facultas dicendi vel copia,
Cic. Verr. 1, 4, 10:verborum,
Quint. 1, 8, 8:in dicendo ubertas et copia,
Cic. de Or. 1, 12, 50:dicendi,
id. Red. Sen. 1, 1; id. Top. 18, 67; Quint. 10, 6, 6; and so of fulness in expression, absol., copia, Cic. Brut. 11, 44; id. Fam. 5, 12, 3; Quint. 1, 8, 17:copias eloquentiae ponere in medio,
id. 7, 10, 15:Platonis,
id. 10, 1, 108:Senecae,
id. 12, 10, 11.—Esp., in reference to action, ability, power, might, opportunity, facilities, means of doing a thing.(α).With gen. gerund.:(β).ut mi ejus facias conveniundi copiam,
Plaut. Capt. 3, 5, 90; so,facere,
Ter. Heaut. prol. 29; cf.dare,
id. ib. 28; Verg. A. 1, 520 al.:edundi,
Plaut. Capt. 4, 2, 72:cunctandi,
id. Ep. 1, 2, 58:illius inspectandi,
id. Bacch. 3, 3, 84:societatis amicitiaeque conjungendae,
Sall. J. 83, 1 al. —With inf.:(γ).quibus in otio vel magnifice vel molliter vivere copia erat,
Sall. C. 17, 6; so Cat. 64, 366. —With ut:(δ).cum copiam istam mihi et potestatem facis, ut ego, etc.,
Plaut. Capt. 2, 3, 14; id. Mil. 3, 1, 174; Ter. Heaut. 2, 3, 87 al.—Absol.:2.neque edepol facio: neque, si cupiam, copia est,
Plaut. Aul. 2, 2, 76; id. Trin. 1, 2, 98 al.:ne quam aliam quaerat copiam ac te deserat,
Ter. Heaut. 5, 1, 54; cf. Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 22.—So pro copiā, according to one's ability, as one is able: volo habere hic aratiunculam pro copiā hic aput vos. Plaut. Truc. 1, 2, 46:pro copiā supplicare Lari familiari,
Cato, R. R. 143, 2:dona pro copiā portantes,
Liv. 26, 11, 9:in vehiculis pro copiā cujusque adornatīs,
Curt. 9, 10, 26.—Esp. with the implication that one can do little: pro eā copiā quae Athenis erat, Sulp. ap. Cic. Fam. 4, 12, 3:pro rei copiā,
Sall. J. 90, 1:ludi funebres additi pro copiā provinciali et castrensi apparatu,
Liv. 28, 21, 10:iudos pro temporis hujus copiā magnifici apparatus fecerunt,
id. 27, 6, 19. —Access to a person, with gen.: quando ejus copia est. Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 45; cf.:2.obsecrat, ut sibi ejus faciat copiam,
Ter. Phorm. 1, 2, 63.Cōpĭa, ac, f.I.The goddess of abundance, Plaut. Ps. 2, 4, 46:II.bona,
Ov. M. 9, 88:opulenta,
Hor. C. 1, 17, 16; id. C. S. 60 al.—An appellation of the town Lugdunum (Lyons), in Gaul, Inscr. Orell. 194; 2325.—Hence, COPIENSIS,
Inscr. Murat. 753, 3. -
116 нестандартный
1. king-size2. out-of-order3. made-to-order4. nonstandard5. off-gauge6. piggyback7. subpar8. substandard9. tailor-made10. underproof -
117 часть
1. ж. part, piece; portion, fraction2. ж. section, units3. ж. member, side4. ж. стр. member, partзадняя часть — rear part; afterbody
зарамочная часть — edge; border
проточная часть — setting; flow passage
Синонимический ряд:доля (сущ.) доля; пай -
118 Leblanc, Nicolas
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 6 December 1742 Ivey-le-Pré, Franced. 16 January 1806 Paris, France[br]French chemist, inventor of the Leblanc process for the manufacture of soda.[br]Orphaned at an early age, Leblanc was sent by his guardian, a doctor, to study medicine at the Ecole de Chirurgie in Paris. Around 1780 he entered the service of the Duke of Orléans as Surgeon. There he was able to pursue his interest in chemistry by carrying out research, particularly into crystallization; this bore fruit in a paper to the Royal Academy of Sciences in 1786, published in 1812 as a separate work entitled Crystallotechnie. At that time there was much concern that supplies of natural soda were becoming insufficient to meet the increasing demands of various industries, textile above all. In 1775 the Academy offered a prize of 2,400 livres for a means of manufacturing soda from sea salt. Several chemists studied the problem, but the prize was never awarded. However, in 1789 Leblanc reported in the Journal de physique for 1789 that he had devised a process, and he applied to his patron for support. The Duke had the process subjected to tests, and when these proved favourable he, with Leblanc and the referee, formed a company in February 1790 to exploit it. A patent was granted in 1791 and, with the manufacture of a vital substance at low cost based on a raw material, salt in unlimited supply, a bright prospect seemed to open out for Leblanc. The salt was treated with sulphuric acid to form salt-cake (sodium sulphate), which was then rotated with coal and limestone to form a substance from which the soda was extracted with water followed by evaporation. Hydrochloric acid was a valuable by-product, from which could be made calcium chloride, widely used in the textile and paper industries. The factory worked until 1793, but did not achieve regular production, and then disaster struck: Leblanc's principal patron, the Duke of Orléans, perished under the guillotine in the reign of terror; the factory was sequestered by the Revolutionary government and the agreement was revoked. Leblanc laboured in vain to secure adequate compensation. Eventually a grant was made towards the cost of restoring the factory, but it was quite inadequate, and in despair, Leblanc shot himself. However, his process proved to be one of the greatest inventions in the chemical industry, and was taken up in other countries and remained the leading process for the production of soda for a century. In 1855 his family tried again to vindicate his name and achieve compensation, this time with success.[br]Further ReadingA.A.Leblanc, 1884, Nicolas Leblanc, sa vie, ses travaux et l'histoire de la soude artificielle, Paris (the standard biography, by his grandson).For more critical studies, see: C.C.Gillispie, 1957, "The discovery of the Leblanc process", Isis 48:152–70; J.G.Smith, 1970, "Studies in certain chemical industries in revolutionary and Napoleonic France", unpublished PhD thesis, Leeds University.LRD -
119 Nervi, Pier Luigi
[br]b. 21 June 1891 Sondrio, Italyd. 9 January 1979 (?), Italy[br]Italian engineer who played a vital role in the use and adaptation of reinforced concrete as a structural material from the 1930s to the 1970s.[br]Nervi early established a reputation in the use of reinforced concrete with his stadium in Florence (1930–2). This elegant concrete structure combines graceful curves with functional solidity and is capable of seating some 35,000 spectators. The stadium was followed by the aircraft hangars built for the Italian Air Force at Orvieto and Ortebello, in which he spanned the vast roofs of the hangars with thin-shelled vaults supported by precast concrete beams and steel-reinforced ribs. The structural strength and subtle curves of these ribbed roofs set the pattern for Nervi's techniques, which he subsequently varied and elaborated on to solve problems that arose in further commissions.Immediately after the Second World War Italy was short of supplies of steel for structural purposes so, in contrast to the USA, Britain and Germany, did not for some years construct any quantity of steel-framed rectangular buildinngs used for offices, housing or industrial use. It was Nervi who led the way to a ferroconcrete approach, using a new type of structure based on these materials in the form of a fine steel mesh sprayed with cement mortar and used to roof all kinds of structures. It was a method that resulted in expressionist curves instead of rectangular blocks, and the first of his great exhibition halls at Turin (1949), with a vault span of 240 ft (73 m), was an early example of this technique. Nervi continued to create original and beautiful ferroconcrete structures of infinite variety: for example, the hall at the Lido di Roma, Ostia; the terme at Chianciano; and the three buildings that he designed for the Rome Olympics in 1960. The Palazzetto dello Sport is probably the most famous of these, for which he co-operated with the architect Annibale Vitellozzi to construct a small sports palace seating 5,000 spectators under a concrete "big top" of 194 ft (59 m) diameter, its enclosing walls supported by thirtysix guy ropes of concrete; inside, the elegant roof displays a floral quality. In 1960 Nervi returned to Turin to build his imaginative Palace of Labour for the centenary celebrations of Garibaldi and Victor Emmanuel in the city. This vast hall, like the Crystal Palace in England a century earlier (see Paxton), had to be built quickly and be suitable for later adaptation. It was therefore constructed partly in steel, and the metal supporting columns rose to palm-leaf capitals reminiscent of those in ancient Nile palaces.Nervi's aim was always to create functional buildings that simultaneously act by their aesthetic qualities as an effective educational influence. Functionalism for Nervi never became "brutalism". In consequence, his work is admired by the lay public as well as by architects. He collaborated with many of the outstanding architects of the day: with Gio Ponti on the Pirelli Building in Milan (1955–9); with Zehrfuss and Breuer on the Y-plan UNESCO Building in Paris (1953–7); and with Marcello Piacentini on the 16,000-seat Palazzo dello Sport in Rome. Nervi found time to write a number of books on building construction and design, lectured in the Universities of Rio de Janiero and Buenos Aires, and was for many years Professor of Technology and Technique of Construction in the Faculty of Architecture at the University of Rome. He continued to design new structures until well into the 1970s.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsRIBA Royal Gold Medal 1960. Royal Institute of Structural Engineers Gold Medal 1968. Honorary Degree Edinburgh University, Warsaw University, Munich University, London University, Harvard University. Member International Institute of Arts and Letters, Zurich; American Academy of Arts and Sciences; Royal Academy of Fine Arts, Stockholm.Bibliography1956, Structures, New York: Dodge.1945, Scienza o Arte del Costruire?, Rome: Bussola.Further ReadingP.Desideri et al., 1979, Pier Luigi Nervi, Bologna: Zanichelli.A.L.Huxtable, 1960, Masters of World Architecture; Pier Luigi Nervi, New York: Braziller.DY -
120 Hilfsstoffe
pl1. auxiliary material2. auxiliary supplies
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