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1 ALL
illi (as independent noun), also ilya (all of a particular group of things, the whole, each, every) (Note: ilya normally appears as ilyë before a plural noun: ilyë tier "abll paths"); ALLNESS, THE ALL ilúvë (the whole). According to early material, ALL THE... (followed by some noun) is rendered by i quanda, e.g. *i quanda cemen "all the earth; the whole earth". ALL THAT IS WANTED fárë, farmë (plenitude, sufficiency) –VT47:30, VT39:20, VT44:9, IL, Nam cf. RGEO:67, Silm:433/WJ:402, QL:70, PHAR/VT46:9 -
2 HAPPY
valin (LT1:272 also gives valimo, but adjectives ending in -o do not occur in LotR-style Quenya), HAPPINESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (blessedness) It is highly questionable whether these words from early material quoted in LT1:272 are conceptually "valid" in LotR-style Quenya: Originally, they were meant to be related to the noun Valar, the Gods being termed the "Happy Ones", but Tolkien later re-interpreted Valar as meaning the "Powers". For "happiness" it may be better to use the noun alassë "joy", and for "happy" or "joyful, joyous" many writers have used the neologism *alassëa. -
3 BITE
(vb) nac- (but in late material, the same verb is said to mean “hew, cut”), BITE (noun) nahta (note: a homophone means "eighteen", though it is not the regular word in decimal counting: neither word must be confused with the verb nahta- “slay”.) –NAK, VT49:24 -
4 CUT
(vb) rista-; venië (infinitive? stem \#ven-?) (shape), CUT (noun) rista, venwë (shape). The verb nac- is defined as “hew, cut” in late material (nacin, VT49:24), though in Etym, it was assigned the meaning “bite” instead (NAK). CUT OFF (and get rid of or lose a portion:) \#aucir-, (so as to have or or use a required portion:) \#hócir- (Tolkien cited these verbs with what seems to be the ending -i of the aorist: auciri-, hóciri-). –RIS, LT1:254, WJ:365-366, 368 -
5 ENCIRCLE
Early “Qenya” material has a verb qilti- “gird, encircle” (QL:78); read perhaps *quilta- if the verb is to be adapted to Tolkien’s later Quenya (cf. the noun quilta “belt”). See also GO ROUND (under entry for GO) concerning the verb pel- -
6 FLING
hat- (cited as hatin “I fling”, first person sg. aorist), pa.t. hantë (QL:39; compare the root KHAT “hurl”, LR:363). The apparently related noun hatal “spear” occurring in late material (VT49:14) suggests that Tolkien eventually decided to maintain this word, though in the meantime, a distinct verb hat- “break asunder” had occurred in his writings. -
7 GIRD
Early “Qenya” material has a verb qilti- “gird, encircle” (QL:78); read perhaps *quilta- if the verb is to be adapted to Tolkien’s later Quenya (cf. the noun quilta “belt, girdle”). -
8 GOD
Eru ("The One, He that is Alone", "the One God", a proper name that can hardly be used as a common noun meaning "god" in general. The form Eru corresponds to Enu in early “Qenya” material, LT2:343. Genitive Eruo, VT43:32; dative Erun, VT44:32). Other names/titles: Ilúvatar "Father of All", Ainatar *"Holy-Father". GOD (in general, "a god") aino (this word from PE15:72 is the equivalent of ainu within Tolkien's mythos, but since aino could be interpreted as simply a personalized form of aina "holy", it can perhaps be adapted as a general word for "god" or "holy one"). PAGAN GOD ainu, PAGAN GODDESS aini (angelic spirit, holy one). (As Christopher Tolkien notes, the Ainur are of course not "pagan" to the people of Middle-earth. In Etym and Silm, Ainu/Aini is capitalized.) SON OF GOD (Jesus) Eruion, MOTHER OF GOD (Mary, in Tolkien's Quenya renderings of Catholic prayers) Eruamillë (also Eruontari, Eruontarië *"God-begetter") –Silm:15/396/431, Letters:387, VT44:16-17, 34, LT1:248 cf. AYAN and Silm:426, VT43:32, VT44:7, 16-17, 18 34 -
9 MORE
ambë (adverb), amba (adjective/noun), “used of any kind of measurement spatial, temporal, or quantitative” (note that amba is also the adverb “up”). Early material lists lil as a term for “more”. ONE MORE enta (another). (Note: a homophone means "that yonder"). MOREOVER, FURTHERMORE, WHAT IS MORE entë, yëa, yé (Note: yé is also an interjection "lo! now see!") See FURTHERMORE. –PE17:91, PE14:80, VT47:15, 31 -
10 RICH
alya (prosperous, abundant, blessed), lárëa (also = fat, and probably the best word for "rich" in the strictly material sense), autë (also as noun: prosperity, wealth), herenya (wealthy, fortunate, blessed). RICHES lar (fat) –GALA/VT42:32, VT45:26, LT2:335, KHER, VT45:26 -
11 WELL
(adverb) mai –VT47:6 (noun): the form lón or lónë (pl. lóni given) has the partially illegible gloss "deep pool, or river-[?feeding] well". Early material has tampo “well”. –VT48:28. QL:93 -
12 WHOLE
ilya (all), THE WHOLE ilúvë (the All, Allness, universe). According to early material, "the whole" (followed by some noun) is rendered by i quanda, e.g. *i quanda cemen "the whole earth" –IL, Silm:433, QL:70
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