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master+solution

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21 HSMB

Полимеры: hydro-dispersion solution master batching

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > HSMB
22 IMS

1) Медицина: If Modified Since

2) Ботаника: I Must Say

3) Военный термин: International Military Services, International Military Staff, individual mobility system, inertial measuring set, infrared measuring system, integrated maintenance system, integrated management system, integrated mapping system, integrated materiel support, integrated multiplex system, intermediate maintenance squadron, inventory management system

4) Техника: Institute of Mathematical Statistics, International Magnetosphere Study, image motion simulator, in-core monitoring system, in-flight management system, indirect measurement system, instrumented measuring system, intelligent matrix switch, ion mass spectrometer, irradiance measuring system

5) Шутливое выражение: Instant Messenger Syndrome

6) Химия: Impact Management System, Industrial Methylated Spirit, Isotope Measuring Systems

7) Метеорология: Inland Mapping System, Ionospheric Measuring System

8) Финансы: (integrated master schedule) основной график проекта

9) Статистика: Intercontinental Medical Statistics

10) Автомобильный термин: ignition module signal, inferred mileage sensor (Ford)

11) Телекоммуникации: IP multimedia Subsystem, мультимедийная подсистема на базе протокола IP (IP multimedia Subsystem)

12) Сокращение: Inertial Measurement System, Institute of Management Sciences, Institute of Marine Science, Integrated Mission System, International Marketing Services Ltd (USA), International Military Services (UK), International Military Staff (NATO), Ion Mobility Spectrometer (Netherlands), Ion Mobility Spectrometer (chemical agent detector), Information Managing System, Ion Mobility Spectrometer

13) Университет: Instructional Management System

14) Физиология: Intermuscular Stimulation

15) Электроника: Ion mobility spectroscopy

16) Вычислительная техника: International Meta Systems (Hersteller), Information Management System (IBM), Intelligent Manufacturing System (MITI), Integrated Measurement Systems (inc, Hersteller)

17) Нефть: International M.W.D. Society, Международное общество измерений в процессе бурения

18) Иммунология: Institute Of Medical Statistics

19) Гинекология: Международное Общество Менопаузы (International Society of Menopause.)

20) Связь: Integrated Management Solution

21) Космонавтика: International Magnetospheric Survey (or Study, COSPAR)

22) Транспорт: Intermodal Management System

23) Воздухоплавание: International Magnetospheric Study

24) Фирменный знак: Interactive Marketing Solutions, Intercontinental Marketing Services, Innovative Media Solutions (Company)

25) СМИ: Interactive Multimedia System

26) Деловая лексика: Information Management Services, Integrated Marketing Solutions, Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Inventory Management Services

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: International M.V.D. Society

28) Нефтегазовая техника Международное общество измерений в процессе бурения (International M.V.D. Society)

29) Производство: In-house Manufacturing

30) Сетевые технологии: Intelligent Messaging Service, Interprocessor Messaging System, integration of management systems, иерархическая система управления базами данных фирмы IBM, интеллектуальная служба передачи сообщений, информационная управляющая система, система обмена сообщениями между процессорами, система управления информацией, IP Multimedia Subsystem - подсистема передачи мультимедийных данных по IP-сетям

31) Автоматика: integrated manufacturing system, intelligent manufacturing system

32) Химическое оружие: ion mobility spectrometry

33) Макаров: integrated machining system

34) Безопасность: система обнаружения вторжений (intrusion monitoring system)

35) Расширение файла: Information Management System, Intermediate Maintenance Standards

36) Яхтенный спорт: International Measurement System

37) Чат: If Memory Serves

38) NYSE. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter

39) Музеи: Institute of Museum Services

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > IMS
23 MSF

1) Компьютерная техника: Microsoft Solutions Framework, Msg Summary File, Multiple Sequence File, Multiple Sequence Format

2) Геология: (сокр. от) maximum flooding surface = поверхность максимального затопления (одно из базовых понятий сиквенсной стратиграфии - sequence startigraphy)

3) Французский язык: decins Sans Frontiè, res, Врачи без границ (Médecins Sans Frontières)

4) Спорт: Motorcycle Stunt Fund

5) Военный термин: Fleet Minesweeper, Medicines Sans Frontiers, Message Security Filter, Mission Support Forces, Mobile Strike Force, maintenance support flight, militarily significant fallout, mission simulator facility, mobile striking force, mobility support forces

6) Техника: manned space flight, mass storage facility, medium standard frequency

7) Шутливое выражение: Mad Sodding Frontrunner, Martha Stewart Functions

8) Бухгалтерия: Manufacturing Science And Finance, Manufacturing Science Finance

9) Грубое выражение: My Sexual Fantasy

10) Оптика: matched spatial filter

11) Сокращение: Maintenance Support Facility (MSO which provides support technicians to field sites), Molecular Simulations File, Multisensor Fusion, международная организация "Врачи без границ"

12) Электроника: Multiple Stage Filter

13) Вычислительная техника: Microsoft Solution Framework

14) Иммунология: macrophage soluble factor

15) Транспорт: Motorcycle Safety Foundation

16) Силикатное производство: тысяча квадратных футов

17) СМИ: Mary Shelleys Frankenstein

18) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: НКМ (module support frame), ПР (module support frame), несущая конструкция модуля (module support frame), подмодульная рама (module support frame)

19) Микроэлектроника: Machine Support Frames

20) Ядерная физика: Multi-Stage Flash

21) Сахалин Р: module support frame

22) Кабельные производство: microspectrofluorimetry

23) Расширение файла: Master Source File

24) Каспий: main support frame

25) Общественная организация: Michael Stern Foundation

26) Чат: Multi Streaming Facility

27) NYSE. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter Emerging Markets Fund, Inc.

28) Единицы измерений: Minute Second Frame

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > MSF
24 RMS

1) Компьютерная техника: Resource Management System

2) Авиация: среднеквадратический

3) Медицина: среднеквадратичная величина (root-mean-square value), Rescue Medication Score

4) Американизм: Record Management System

5) Спорт: Race Marque Systems

6) Военный термин: Rate My Signal, Requirements Management System, Resource Monitoring Subsystem, radar mapping set, radar mapping system, radiation monitoring satellite, radio marker station, radiological monitoring system, range measuring system, range modification system, reconnaissance management system, recovery management support, recruiting main station, remote missile select, resources management system, retromotor simulator, безоткатная миномётная установка ( система) (recoilless mortar system), БМУ

7) Техника: radar maintenance spares, radiation monitoring system, radioactive material shipment, reflection mode selector, regulatory manpower system, remote manual switch, remote master station

8) Шутливое выражение: Really Massive Ship

9) Бухгалтерия: Receivables Management Service, Receivables Management Solutions

10) Оптика: Royal Microscopical Society

11) Сокращение: Range Measurement System, Records Management System, Regional Military Separatism, Remote Minehunting Sonar, Remote Minehunting System, Remote Monitoring System, Reusable Multi-purpose Spacecraft, Richard M. Stallman, Roof-Mounted Sight, Root Mean Square, Royal Mail Service, Royal Mail Ship

12) Физиология: Respiratory Monitoring System

13) Школьное выражение: Ritenour Middle School

14) Электроника: Real Modulated Signal, Recipe Management Standard, (root mean square value) СКЗ

15) Вычислительная техника: Resource Management Services, Reason Maintenance System (AI), Richard Matthew Stallman (FSF, EMACS), Rights Management Services (MS, Windows, NGSCB), Remote Manipulator System (Space), Remote Monitoring System (bus), система управления записями

16) Нефть: remote maintenance system, дистанционная система обслуживания донных эксплуатационных систем

17) Онкология: Rhabdomyosarcoma

18) Космонавтика: система дистанционного управления манипулятором, Remote Manipulator System (robotic manipulator)

19) Транспорт: Railway Mail Service

20) Фирменный знак: Rouse Matrix Systems

21) Деловая лексика: Retail Management System, Risk Management Solution

22) Бытовая техника: среднеквадратичное значение

23) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: response management system, root mean square (square root of the average of the squares of a series of numbers), Risk Management System

24) Нефтегазовая техника дистанционная система обслуживания донных эксплуатационных систем (remote maintenance system)

25) Производство: сырье, материалы для производства (Raw Materials and Supplies)

26) Образование: Reading Motivation System

27) Сетевые технологии: Received Message Store, Record Management Services, Remote Management Service

28) Программирование: Relocated Module Segment

29) Автоматика: robotized manufacturing system, rod memory system, root-meansquare

30) Контроль качества: Rapid Motion Scanner (сканер быстрого перемещения)

31) Макаров: relativistic molecular spinor, remote manipulator system, remote measurement system

32) Карачаганак: remote manifold station

33) Фармация: страна-поручитель (Reference Member State), Reference Member State (страна-поручитель)

34) Цемент: ready-mix station, растворно-бетонный узел, бетонно-растворный узел

35) Общественная организация: Richard Matthew Stallman, River Management Society

36) Аэропорты: Ramstein Airbase, Kaiserslautern, Germany

37) НАСА: Risk Management And Safety

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > RMS
25 ims

1) Медицина: If Modified Since

2) Ботаника: I Must Say

3) Военный термин: International Military Services, International Military Staff, individual mobility system, inertial measuring set, infrared measuring system, integrated maintenance system, integrated management system, integrated mapping system, integrated materiel support, integrated multiplex system, intermediate maintenance squadron, inventory management system

4) Техника: Institute of Mathematical Statistics, International Magnetosphere Study, image motion simulator, in-core monitoring system, in-flight management system, indirect measurement system, instrumented measuring system, intelligent matrix switch, ion mass spectrometer, irradiance measuring system

5) Шутливое выражение: Instant Messenger Syndrome

6) Химия: Impact Management System, Industrial Methylated Spirit, Isotope Measuring Systems

7) Метеорология: Inland Mapping System, Ionospheric Measuring System

8) Финансы: (integrated master schedule) основной график проекта

9) Статистика: Intercontinental Medical Statistics

10) Автомобильный термин: ignition module signal, inferred mileage sensor (Ford)

11) Телекоммуникации: IP multimedia Subsystem, мультимедийная подсистема на базе протокола IP (IP multimedia Subsystem)

12) Сокращение: Inertial Measurement System, Institute of Management Sciences, Institute of Marine Science, Integrated Mission System, International Marketing Services Ltd (USA), International Military Services (UK), International Military Staff (NATO), Ion Mobility Spectrometer (Netherlands), Ion Mobility Spectrometer (chemical agent detector), Information Managing System, Ion Mobility Spectrometer

13) Университет: Instructional Management System

14) Физиология: Intermuscular Stimulation

15) Электроника: Ion mobility spectroscopy

16) Вычислительная техника: International Meta Systems (Hersteller), Information Management System (IBM), Intelligent Manufacturing System (MITI), Integrated Measurement Systems (inc, Hersteller)

17) Нефть: International M.W.D. Society, Международное общество измерений в процессе бурения

18) Иммунология: Institute Of Medical Statistics

19) Гинекология: Международное Общество Менопаузы (International Society of Menopause.)

20) Связь: Integrated Management Solution

21) Космонавтика: International Magnetospheric Survey (or Study, COSPAR)

22) Транспорт: Intermodal Management System

23) Воздухоплавание: International Magnetospheric Study

24) Фирменный знак: Interactive Marketing Solutions, Intercontinental Marketing Services, Innovative Media Solutions (Company)

25) СМИ: Interactive Multimedia System

26) Деловая лексика: Information Management Services, Integrated Marketing Solutions, Intelligent Manufacturing Systems, Inventory Management Services

27) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: International M.V.D. Society

28) Нефтегазовая техника Международное общество измерений в процессе бурения (International M.V.D. Society)

29) Производство: In-house Manufacturing

30) Сетевые технологии: Intelligent Messaging Service, Interprocessor Messaging System, integration of management systems, иерархическая система управления базами данных фирмы IBM, интеллектуальная служба передачи сообщений, информационная управляющая система, система обмена сообщениями между процессорами, система управления информацией, IP Multimedia Subsystem - подсистема передачи мультимедийных данных по IP-сетям

31) Автоматика: integrated manufacturing system, intelligent manufacturing system

32) Химическое оружие: ion mobility spectrometry

33) Макаров: integrated machining system

34) Безопасность: система обнаружения вторжений (intrusion monitoring system)

35) Расширение файла: Information Management System, Intermediate Maintenance Standards

36) Яхтенный спорт: International Measurement System

37) Чат: If Memory Serves

38) NYSE. Morgan Stanley Dean Witter

39) Музеи: Institute of Museum Services

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > ims
26 rms

1) Компьютерная техника: Resource Management System

2) Авиация: среднеквадратический

3) Медицина: среднеквадратичная величина (root-mean-square value), Rescue Medication Score

4) Американизм: Record Management System

5) Спорт: Race Marque Systems

6) Военный термин: Rate My Signal, Requirements Management System, Resource Monitoring Subsystem, radar mapping set, radar mapping system, radiation monitoring satellite, radio marker station, radiological monitoring system, range measuring system, range modification system, reconnaissance management system, recovery management support, recruiting main station, remote missile select, resources management system, retromotor simulator, безоткатная миномётная установка ( система) (recoilless mortar system), БМУ

7) Техника: radar maintenance spares, radiation monitoring system, radioactive material shipment, reflection mode selector, regulatory manpower system, remote manual switch, remote master station

8) Шутливое выражение: Really Massive Ship

9) Бухгалтерия: Receivables Management Service, Receivables Management Solutions

10) Оптика: Royal Microscopical Society

11) Сокращение: Range Measurement System, Records Management System, Regional Military Separatism, Remote Minehunting Sonar, Remote Minehunting System, Remote Monitoring System, Reusable Multi-purpose Spacecraft, Richard M. Stallman, Roof-Mounted Sight, Root Mean Square, Royal Mail Service, Royal Mail Ship

12) Физиология: Respiratory Monitoring System

13) Школьное выражение: Ritenour Middle School

14) Электроника: Real Modulated Signal, Recipe Management Standard, (root mean square value) СКЗ

15) Вычислительная техника: Resource Management Services, Reason Maintenance System (AI), Richard Matthew Stallman (FSF, EMACS), Rights Management Services (MS, Windows, NGSCB), Remote Manipulator System (Space), Remote Monitoring System (bus), система управления записями

16) Нефть: remote maintenance system, дистанционная система обслуживания донных эксплуатационных систем

17) Онкология: Rhabdomyosarcoma

18) Космонавтика: система дистанционного управления манипулятором, Remote Manipulator System (robotic manipulator)

19) Транспорт: Railway Mail Service

20) Фирменный знак: Rouse Matrix Systems

21) Деловая лексика: Retail Management System, Risk Management Solution

22) Бытовая техника: среднеквадратичное значение

23) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: response management system, root mean square (square root of the average of the squares of a series of numbers), Risk Management System

24) Нефтегазовая техника дистанционная система обслуживания донных эксплуатационных систем (remote maintenance system)

25) Производство: сырье, материалы для производства (Raw Materials and Supplies)

26) Образование: Reading Motivation System

27) Сетевые технологии: Received Message Store, Record Management Services, Remote Management Service

28) Программирование: Relocated Module Segment

29) Автоматика: robotized manufacturing system, rod memory system, root-meansquare

30) Контроль качества: Rapid Motion Scanner (сканер быстрого перемещения)

31) Макаров: relativistic molecular spinor, remote manipulator system, remote measurement system

32) Карачаганак: remote manifold station

33) Фармация: страна-поручитель (Reference Member State), Reference Member State (страна-поручитель)

34) Цемент: ready-mix station, растворно-бетонный узел, бетонно-растворный узел

35) Общественная организация: Richard Matthew Stallman, River Management Society

36) Аэропорты: Ramstein Airbase, Kaiserslautern, Germany

37) НАСА: Risk Management And Safety

Универсальный англо-русский словарь > rms
27 system

система; комплекс; средство; способ; метод; сеть (напр. дорог) ;

aiming-navigation system (analog, digital) — прицельно-навигационная система (аналоговая, цифровая)

air (nuclear) delivery system — авиационная система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)

air observation, acquisition and fire control system — (бортовая) система воздушной разведки, засечки целей и управления огнем

air support aircraft ECM (equipment) system — (бортовая) система РЭП для самолетов авиационной поддержки

airborne (ground) target acquisition and illumination laser system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и подсветки (наземных) целей

airborne (ground) targeting and laser designator system — ав. бортовая лазерная система обнаружения и целеуказания (наземных целей)

airborne laser illumination, ranging and tracking system — ав. бортовая система лазерной подсветки, определения дальности и сопровождения цели

area defense missile system 3PK — для зональной ПВО

artillery (nuclear) delivery system — артиллерийская система доставки (ядерного) боеприпаса (к цели)

automatic (gun) laying system — автоматическая система наводки орудия

C2 system — система оперативного управления; система руководства и управления

C3 system — система руководства, управления и связи; система оперативного управления и связи

channel and message switching (automatic) communications system — АСС с коммутацией каналов и сообщений

combat service support (control) system — АСУ тыловым обеспечением (боевых действий) войск

country-fair type rotation system (of instruction) — метод одновременного обучения [опроса] нескольких учебных групп (переходящих от одного объекта изучения к другому)

dual-capable (conventional/nuclear) weapon delivery system — система доставки (обычного или ядерного) боеприпаса к цели

electromagnetic emitters identification, location and suppression system — система обнаружения, опознавания и подавления источников электромагнитных излучений [излучающих РЭС]

field antimissile (missile) system — полевой [войсковой] ПРК

fire-on-the-move (air defense) gun system — подвижный зенитный артиллерийский комплекс для стрельбы в движении [на ходу]

fluidic (missile) control system — ркт. гидравлическая [струйная] система управления полетом

forward (area) air defense system — система ПВО передового района; ЗРК для войсковой ПВО передового района

graduated (availability) operational readiness system — Бр. система поэтапной боевой готовности (частей и соединений)

high-resolution satellite IR detection, tracking and targeting system — спутниковая система с ИК аппаратурой высокой разрешающей способности для обнаружения, сопровождения целей и наведения средств поражения

ICBM (alarm and) early warning satellite system — спутниковая система обнаружения пусков МБР и раннего предупреждения (средств ПРО)

information storage, tracking and retrieval system — система накопления, хранения и поиска информации

instantaneous grenade launcher (armored vehicle) smoke system — гранатомет (БМ) для быстрой постановки дымовой завесы

large area (smoke) screening system — система постановки дымовых завес на большой площади

limited weather (capability) AA system — невсепогодный зенитный комплекс

NATO C2 Information system — АИС руководства и управления НАТО

Operational C2 Intelligence system — система оперативного руководства и управления разведкой (СВ)

plotted trajectory missile system 3PK — с наведением методом совмещения траекторий цели и ракеты

point (gas) alarm system — объектовая газосигнализаторная система

Precision Location [Locator] (and) Strike system — высокоточная система обеспечения обнаружения и поражения целей; высокоточный разведывательно-ударный комплекс

rapid deceleration (parachute) delivery system — парашютная система выброски грузов с быстрым торможением

real time, high-resolution reconnaissance satellite system — спутниковая разведывательная система с высокой разрешающей способностью аппаратуры и передачей информации в реальном масштабе времени

received signal-oriented (output) jamming signal power-adjusting ECM system — система РЭП с автоматическим регулированием уровня помех в зависимости от мощности принимаемого сигнала

sea-based nuclear (weapon) delivery system — система морского базирования доставки ядерного боеприпаса к цели

site defense (missile) system — ПРК для объектовой ПРО (для защиты ШПУ)

small surface-to-air ship self-defense (missile) system — ЗРК ближнего действия для самообороны корабля

Status Control, Alerting and Reporting system — система оповещения, контроля и уточнения состояния [боевой готовности] сил и средств

surface missile (weapon) system — наземный [корабельный] РК

target acquisition, rapid designation and precise aiming system — комплекс аппаратуры обнаружения цели, быстрого целеуказания и точного прицеливания

— AA cannon system

— AA defense system

— AA gun system

— AA missile launching warning system

— AA missile system

— AA system

— AA tank system

— AA/antimissile system

— ABM defense system

— ACE High Tropospheric Communications system

— acoustic locating system

— acquisition system

— active ECM system

— active hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— active illumination system

— active lighting system

— active long-range submarine detection stationary system

— adaptive control system

— adaptive moving target detection system

— adverse weather air delivery system

— aerial antiarmor system

— aerial AT weapon system

— aerial cargo delivery system

— aerial communications system

— aerial fire system

— aerial mine dispensing system

— aerial missile system

— aerial photoreconnaissance evaluation system

— aerial reconnaissance picture retrieval system

— aerial rocket system

— aerodynamic weapon system

— aeromedical system

— aerosol screening system

— aerospace system

— air bag shock absorber system

— air defense command information system

— air defense data processing and representation system

— air defense ground environment system

— air defense missile weapon system

— air defense missile/gun system

— air defense system in overwatch role

— air defense system

— air defense/AT system

— air navigation and bombing system

— air surveillance system

— air target laser tracking and ranging system

— air/ground hit recording system

— air-based antimissile system

— airborne battlefield mining system

— airborne EO target acquisition system

— airborne location and strike system

— airborne mining system

— airborne tactical data system

— airborne UV laser reconnaissance system

— airborne warning and control system

— airborne weapons system

— airborne/space-based laser space defense system

— air-breathing strategic attack system

— aircraft intercept missile system

— aircraft maintenance management information system

— aircraft mine delivery system

— aircraft vectoring system

— aircraft wake turbulence detection system

— aircraft-delivery system

— aircraft-submerged submarine laser communications system

— air-delivered scatterable minefield system

— air-deployment delivery system

— air-dropped mine splash points location radar system

— air-ground TV system

— air-launched ABM system

— airship-helicopter ultra-heavy lift system

— airspace control system

— airspace management system

— air-to-ground laser communications system

— air-to-ground pickup system

— air-to-ground weapon systems seismic scoring system

— alarm annunciation system

— alarm system

— alert notification system

— alerting telling system

— all altitude missile system

— all aspect passive IR homing guidance system

— all azimuth retaliatory system

— all weather system

— all-out war weapon system

— all-round traverse multiple rocket system

— all-source analysis system

— all-ways grenade initiating system

— alternate system

— alternative system

— ammunition feed system

— ammunition stowage and feed system

— ammunition system

— amphibious assault bulk fuel handling system

— amphibious bridging system

— analog data transmission system

— angle-measuring tank radio navigation system

— angular rate bombing system

— antiair and tactical missile system

— antiantisatellite system

— antiballistic helmet system

— anticompromise emergency destruction system

— anticountermine mobility equipment system

— antidecoy system

— antidisplacement system

— antihigh trajectory BM system

— antiinfiltration detection system

— antiintrusion detection system

— antilow trajectory BM system

— antimine container system

— antimine system

— antimissile gun system

— antimissile missile system

— antioscillation sighting system

— antipersonnel weapons system

— antiradiation homing head system

— antisatellite defense system

— antisatellite system

— antiship missile decoy system

— antiship missile defense system

— antisubmarine action data system

— antisubmarine mortar system

— antisubmarine weapon system

— antitactical BM system

— area denial weapon system

— armament system

— armed decoy penetration system

— arming system

— armor system

— armored ammunition delivery system

— armor-plating system

— arms system

— Army Authorization Documents system

— Army container-oriented distribution system

— army corps modular control system

— Army Personnel system

— Army Terrain Intelligence system

— Army Training Management system

— Army Wholesale Logistics system

— artificial intelligence system

— artillery and rocket delivered scatterable mine system

— artillery delivery area mining system

— artillery meteorological system

— artillery mining system

— artillery position detection IR-laser system

— artillery rocket system

— artillery saturation fire system

— artillery tube nuclear delivery system

— artillery type vehicle navigation system

— ASW shipborne missile system

— AT mine clearance system

— AT mine dispensing system

— AT mine-scattering system

— AT missile system

— atmosphere laser communications system

— attack sonar system

— audio and visual information electronic training system

— audio/video monitoring system

— authentication system

— automated air warfare system

— Automated Career Management system

— automated control system

— automated image data extraction system

— automated logistics data processing system

— Automated Military Justice Analysis and Management system

— automated minefield system

— automated scoring target system

— automated software system

— automated troop control system

— automated warehouse system

— automated weapon control system

— automated weapon delivery system

— automatic artillery fire control and liaison system

— automatic command system

— automatic control system

— automatic data handling system

— automatic data processing system

— Automatic Data system for the Army in the Field

— automatic elevation recovery system

— automatic fire detection and suppression system

— automatic laying angle correction system

— automatic linear positioning system

— automatic magazine handling and loading system

— automatic mine delivery system

— automatic mine scatter system

— automatic missile reload system

— automatic sound ranging system

— automatic strike recording system

— automatic survey and sighting system

— automatic time-phased downgrading and declassification system

— automatic TV tracking and AA weapon guidance system

— automatic video scoring system

— automatic weapon aiming correction system

— automotive test system

— autonomous all-weather air defense weapon system

— autonomous positioning system

— azimuth orientation system

— bacteriological attack detection system

— bacteriological weapon delivery system

— ballistic attack system

— balloon-haul ship-to-shore cargo transportation system

— ballute free-fall weapon retarding system

— bar-in-the-tube torsion suspension system

— barometric and radar altimeter readings comparison system

— barrier warfare system

— base and installation security system

— base-line system

— battery computer system

— battle dress clothing system

— battle management system

— battlefield air defense system

— battlefield computer graphics system

— battlefield data system

— battlefield illumination airborne system

— battlefield intruder alarm system

— battlefield mission management system

— battlefield nuclear support system

— battlefield support missile system

— battlefield surveillance automated ground sensor system

— beam director system

— bell-ringer communications system

— binary beam radio direction finding system

— binary lethal weapon system

— biological detection system

— black voice system

— blast-actuated nuclear detonation control system

— blowback automatic operation system

— blowback locked breech system

— blue-line reporting system

— BM rapid reload launching system

— BM submarines extremely low frequency communications system

— bomb director system

— bomb loading system

— bomb retarding system

— bomb trajectory correction system

— bombardment space weapon system

— bomb-carrier aircraft link guidance system

— bombing sighting system

— bomblet dispensing system

— boost-coast-boost system

— border observation system

— bound coordinate system

— branch quota system

— broad-band chaff decoy system

— buddy foxhole system

— buddy training system

— built-in test malfunction system

— buried and hardened cable communications system

— burst sensing fire control system

— burst-on-target training system

— candidate weapon system

— cannon artillery weapon system

— cannon remote mining system

— carbons secret writing system

— cargo extraction roller skid system

— cargo-ejection system

— cargo-extraction system

— CAS weapon system

— caseless ammunition firing system

— CBR agent/materiel detection and warning system

— central authorities system

— central tire inflation system

— central weapon system

— centralized promotion system

— chaff grenade launching system

— chaff/flare countermeasures system

— chaff/flare/expendable jammer system

— challenge and password number system

— checker board interlocking positions system

— chemical defense training system

— chemical detection system

— chemical gas analyzer mine detection system

— circuit identification system

— circuit switching system

— circular communications net system

— circular scan thermal imaging system

— civilian personnel information system

— clear-lane marking system

— close-combat antiarmor system

— closed circuit TV automatic tracking system

— closed loop support system

— closed-breech scavenger system

— close-in point defense antimissile system

— close-in self-defense tracking system

— close-in weapon system

— closely-spaced basing system

— cloud environment seeding system

— clutter environment target selection system

— clutter environment target discrimination system

— clutter false alarm control automated radar detection system

— code command system

— cold weather clothing system

— collected overpressure system

— collective NBC defense system

— color image intensification system for night vision

— combat arms regimental system

— combat direction system

— combat information and control system

— combat laser aiming system

— combat service support functional system

— combat system

— combat vehicle main armament system

— combat vehicle radio navigation system

— combat vehicle weapon system

— combined air defense weapons control system

— combined effects bomblet system

— command arming system

— command system

— communications intercept/recording system

— communications line terminal system

— communications material security control system

— communications monitoring and emitter location system

— communications plan automation system

— communications satellite system

— communications surveillance system

— communications switching system

— competitive promotion system

— complex weapon system

— computed air release point system

— computer assisted map maneuver system

— computer release weapon system

— computer-aided intelligence data retrieval system

— computerized exercise control system

— computerized fire control system

— computerized infantry battlefield training system

— computer-oriented landform classification system

— consolidated mess system

— container-ASW helicopter system

— containerized weapon control system

— container-offloading and transfer system

— continuous orbital guidance system

— continuous targeting system

— continuously set vector bombing sighting system

— contour flying system

— controllable reused manned weapon delivery system

— controlled delivery system

— controlled descent cargo drop system

— controlled dispersion multiple rocket system

— coorbital inspection system

— counter EO-threat smoke system

— counter IR spectrum devices smoke screen system

— counter system

— counterforce first strike system

— countermeasures detection and location system

— countermeasures dispenser system

— countermeasures dispensing system

— countermeasures guidance system

— countermeasures warning and control system

— counterpressure system

— countersurprise military system

— county regiment system

— credit supply system

— crew-compartment automatic fire suppression system

— crypto-secure system

— darkfire missile control system

— data multiplexing system

— data processing and presentation system

— data relay satellite system

— dead-reckoning system

— debugging system

— decoy rocket system

— dedicated intelligence link communications system

— deep interdiction system

— deep penetration weapon system

— defense effective system

— Defense Satellite Communications system

— defense suppression weapon system

— defense weapon system

— defensive nuclear weapons system

— deployment/employment mobilization status reporting system

— depth charge warhead antisubmarine rocket system

— destabilizing military system

— deterrent retaliatory system

— difference-distance measuring tank radio navigation system

— differential target-missile tracking system

— digital coherent moving target indication system

— digital data handling and distribution system

— digital data transmission system

— digital facsimile transmission system

— digital fire control system

— digital range tracking system

— digital weapon control system

— direct ascent antisatellite system

— direct ascent killer-satellite system

— direct fire antiarmor system

— direct gas operation weapon system

— directed energy beam ABM system

— directional gyrocompass tank navigation system

— disability evaluation system

— disablement feature system

— discrete detection casualty assessment system

— discrete information transmission system

— dismounted weapons system

— dispensing system

— disrupt command system

— distance-measuring tank radio navigation system

— distant mine and minefield detection system

— distributed explosives biological agent dispersal system

— disturbed line-of-sight system

— division air defense system

— division logistical system

— division maneuver system

— division supply system

— division support system

— document retrieval system

— Doppler-inertial guidance navigational and attack system

— double key system

— double-circuit radar fire control system

— double-differential steering system

— down-looking imaging IR sensing system

— drone delivery system

— drone-formation control system

— dry and wet bridging system

— dual fire control system

— dual radar system

— dual weapon system

— dual-capable artillery weapon system

— dual-capable SAM system

— dual-speciality officer personnel management system

— duel-type ABM defense system

— early biological attack identification system

— early-warning system

— Earth-based coordinate system

— Earth-centered inertial system

— ECM/ELINT system

— ECM-dispensing system

— efficiency reporting system

— electric power guided wave transmission field system

— electric power microwave ray transmission field system

— electromagnetic compatibility priority system

— electromagnetic subsurface profiling system

— electronic battlefield surveillance system

— electronic fence warning system

— electronic sentry system

— electronically keyed system

— elevation-angle track and surveillance system

— ELINT bulk gathering system

— emergency broadcast system

— emergency communications satellitelaunching rocket system

— emergency message automatic transmission system

— emerging logistics system

— emitter location and direction finding system

— emitter location system

— energy depot system

— engine winterization system

— enlisted evaluation system

— entry control system

— EO AA gunfire control system

— EO imaging system

— EO navigation bombing system

— European Exchange system

— Eurostrategic missile weapon system

— Eurostrategic system

— EW self-protection system

— excess systems

— exhaust IR suppression system

— expendables dispensing system

— expert system

— explosive safe and arming system

— explosive source parameters multisite estimation system

— FA Computer Equipment system

— face-piece-type collective protection system

— fail solution director-type fire control system

— fair-weather AT missile system

— fair-weather line-of-sight SAM system

— fast automatic shuttle transfer system

— fast reaction missile system PK

— fault-detection/location system

— fiber scope night vision system

— fiber-optics multiplexing system

— field ABM defense system

— field public address system

— field stock control system

— fighter aircraft system

— fighter direction laser system

— fighting compartment stabilization system

— fighting vehicle system

— fingerprint verification entry control system

— fire control radar system

— fire control sight system

— fire distribution and control system

— fire simulation system

— fire weapon system

— fire-explosion suppression fuel system

— fire-extinguisher system

— fire-marking system

— fixed ASW detection system

— fixed post system

— fixed-site strategic attack system

— flail mine clearance system

— Fleet operational telecommunications automated control system

— flight guidance system

— fluidic mortar repositioning system

— flying boom air refueling system

— flying weapon system

— follow-on weapon system

— foot mobile infantry AT system

— force field ABM defense system

— force status reporting system

— force supply tracking system

— forced entry deterrent system

— formal alert system

— fortification defense system

— fortified AT defense system

— fortified bunker system

— fortified defense system

— forward reconnaissance and target designation vehicle system

— forward terminal communications system

— forward-based aircraft system

— forward-based nuclear delivery system

— forward-based system

— free-ride delivery system

— front-line defense system

— fuel fire suppression system

— fuzing system

— garage system of ICBM deployment

— gas impingement system

— gas particles filter system

— generic EV/ system

— geocentric rectangular coordinate system

— geographic reference system

— glide-angle indication light system for night helicopter extracts

— global antisubmarine surveillance ocean bottom system

— global phase hyperbolic radio navigation system

— global range weapons delivery system

— global satellite warning system

— GM system

— go-no-go grading system

— grading system

— Green Arrow priority system

— grenade-launching smoke screen system

— grid coordinate system

— grid-square numbering system

— ground airborne radar picture interpretation correlation system

— ground arresting gear system

— ground EO deep space surveillance system

— ground nuclear delivery system

— ground order of battle system

— ground proximity cargo delivery system

— ground target tracking laser illumination system

— ground vehicle mine dispensing system

— ground-based antisatellite defense system

— ground-based defensive system

— ground-based ground-to-air ECM system

— ground-based ground-to-grcund ECM system

— ground-based gun aircraft unit barrage ABM defense system

— ground-based missile system

— ground-based mobile jamming system

— ground-based surveillance system

— ground-emplaced mine scattering system

— ground-emplaced sensor system

— ground-to-air engagement simulation system

— guidance reference system

— guidance system

— guided bombing system

— gun ammunition system

— gun and turret drive system

— gun sound ranging system

— gun/sight stabilization system

— gunfire locating system

— gun-rnissiie integrated weapon system

— gun-two net fire control system

— gyrocompass automatic navigation system

— hard-kill system

— hard-point defense system

— head-on and pursuit firing portable AA missile system

— heat source direction finding system

— heavy equipment transporter system

— height-of-burst sound ranging system

— helicopter air-to-air self-defense gun system

— helicopter area weapons system

— helicopter ECM system

— helicopter expedient refueling system

— helicopter mine delivery system

— helicopter moving ground target detection system

— helicopter point weapons system

— helicopter remote mining system

— helicopter terminal guidance system

— helicopter-balloon system

— helicopter-delivered mine system

— helicopter-standoff AT missile weapon system

— helmet compatible communications/aural protective system

— helmet-integrated sighting and control system

— hesitation blowback weapon system

— high clutter environment low-altitude air defense system

— high level container airdrop system

— high orbital bombardment system

— high-accuracy internal guidance stand-off system

— high-altitude relay system

— high-endoatmospheric defense system

— highly resistant to jamming system

— high-probability air defense system

— high-security data base management system

— high-speed digital information transmission system

— high-speed digital multiplexing system

— holographic surface mapping system

— holography air photography system

— homing-bomblet scattering cluster warhead projectile system

— horizontal radio altimeter control-vertical radar guidance system

— hot picture system

— hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— hydrographic survey and charting system

— hydrographic system

— hyperbolic radio navigational system

— hypersonic strategic defensive weapon system

— hypersonic strategic offensive weapon system

— ICBM basing system

— ICBM battle management system

— ICBM canister and shock isolation system

— ICBM continuous targeting system

— ICBM deployment system

— ICBM launcher rapid reload system

— illumination system

— imagery system

— impact initiation system

— independent recoil system

— independent vertical line-of-sight stabilization system

— independently targetable AT submissile warhead system

— indirect fire AT guided missile system

— indirect weapons locating system

— individual load-carrying system

— ineradicable features personnel characteristics verification system

— inertial control system

— inertial coordinate system

— inertial stabilization optical system

— inertial-with-terminal correction guidance and control system

— infantry direct fire simulator system

— infantry remoted target system

— in-flight data transmission system

— information accumulation storage and retrieval system

— information acquisition system

— information computation system

— information display system

— information dissemination system

— information distribution system

— information input packet switching system

— information processing system

— information retrieval system

— in-grade step system

— inspection and diagnostic system

— instantaneous remote ammunition selection system

— instinctive rifle bayonet fighting system

— integrated acoustic communications system

— integrated battle area surveillance system

— integrated communications system

— integrated defense system

— integrated fire and air support system

— integrated fire control system

— integrated information system

— Integrated Operational Nuclear Detection system

— integrated refractive effects prediction system

— integrated voice communications system

— integrated weapons control system

— integrity arming system

— intelligence community information system

— intelligence data handling system

— intelligence information retrieval system

— intercommunications system

— intermodal containerized system

— interoperable communications security system

— interphone system

— intrusion detection and identification system

— inventory control system

— IR decoy-target discrimination system

— IR decoy-target identification system

— IR gathering system

— IR intruder system

— IR intrusion system

— IR-line scanning reconnaissance system

— IR-sensors/radar air defense fire control system

— joint Air and Air Defense Control system

— joint air defense automatic control system

— joint airspace surveillance system

— Joint Army-Navy grid system

— joint in-flight data transmission system

— joint information search and retrieval system

— joint multichannel trunking and switching system

— Joint Strategic Planning system

— Joint Surveillance system

— Joint Tactical Information Distribution system

— joint tactical missile system

— killer-satellite system

— land combat support system

— land mine barrier system

— land navigation system

— land-based strike system

— land-water-air system

— laser aiming system

— laser air reconnaissance system

— laser bombing system

— laser communications satellite system

— laser engagement imitation system

— laser fire control system

— laser intrusion detection system

— laser navigation system

— laser photo reconnaissance system

— laser rangefinder-sight fire control system

— laser satellite communications system

— laser scanning reconnnaissance system

— laser security system

— laser surveying system

— laser target tracking illumination system

— laser tracking system

— laser weapon control system

— laser weapon delivery pod system

— laser weapon system

— laser-acquisition and tracking SAM system

— laser-beam guidance antimissile system

— laser-guided discrete correction AA projectile system

— laser-homing and warning system

— laser-submarine detection system

— last ditch ground-based ABM defense system

— launch-and-leave missile system

— light weight advanced night/day surveillance system

— linear linkless ammunition feed system

— linear scanning IR ground target acquisition system

— line-of-sight AT missile system

— line-of-sight microwave radio relay system

— linked ammunition feed system

— listening post/OP warning system

— lockless fire arm system

— Logistics Master Planning system

— longevity compensation system

— long-recoil system

— look-down /shoot-down system

— low-altitude navigation and targeting IR night system

— low-altitude parachute extraction system

— low-angle radar tracking system

— low-false alarm rate missile warning system

— low-level AA system

— low-level air defense system

— low-level image intensification navigation TV system

— low-level radar system

— low-level weapon delivery system

— low-light level image intensification system

— low-light level sight system

— management and control system

— military direct dial telephone system

— military system

— mobility system

— National Communications system

— National Military Command system

— officer evaluation reporting system

— offline cryptographic system

— off-road mobile ICBM system

— offset target indicator system

— on-board oxygen generation system

— on-carriage sighting system

— on-line security system

— on-off mount fire control system

— open-bay housing system

— operational automatic schedule information system

— operational command/operational control system

— operational readiness test system

— operational sensor system

— optical acquisition and tracking AA missile system

— optical fiber data transmission system

— optical track command system

— opto-electronic alpha-numeric display system

— optronic fire control system

— optronic target designation system

— orbital defense system

— orbital offensive system

— OTH backscatter radar warning system

— outdoor interphone system

— outside-the-vehicle shell case ejection system

— overhead cover support system

— overseas unit replacement system

— packet-switching communications system

— parachute retrograde air drop system

— parachute-jet landing system

— parawing precision aerial delivery system

— partially space-based ABM defense system

— passive ECM system

— passive hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— passive thermic image night-aiming system

— payload deployment system

— performance management system

— performance measurement system

— perimeter acquisition radar attack characterization system

— Periodic Armaments Planning system

— periscope TV camera system

— permissive action link system

— personnel classification system

— personnel environment support system

— personnel management accounting and reporting system

— phased-array radar fire control system

— photogrammetric target location system

— pilot system

— pilot-aircraft-media system

— planning army authorization document system

— pneumatic and inertia arming system

— pneumatic fuel transport system

— point deployment system

— point target BM laser homing system

— portable airfield system

— portable decoy launcher system

— position location and reporting system

— post-boost control system

— press-to-talk system

— primary alerting system

— primary direct fire control system

— priority system for mission requests for tactical reconnaissance

— priority system

— privacy communications system

— program change control system

— projectile location system

— pulse energy detonation system

— PW Information system

— pyramidal structure hierarchic automated control system

— radar bombing system

— radar early warning and control system

— radar homing and warning system

— radar information transmission system

— radar scattering screening system

— radar system

— radar track command system

— radar warning receiver/processor system

— radar-controlled breeched AA weapon system

— radar-version microwave mine detection system

— radio frequency surveillance/ECM system

— radio/radar tracking and guidance system

— radiological defense support system

— radiological defense warning system

— radiotelephone and telephone authentication system

— random access personnel information system

— random-orbiting counter satellite barrage system

— range correction system

— range finding system

— rapid smoke screen system

— rapid sweep vehicular AT mine detection system

— rapid-fire artillery system

— real time intelligence data processing system

— rearm system

— receiver-responder/inertial guidance integrated system

— recognized air picture system

— recoilless-tube weapon system

— reconnaissance/strike system

— record keeping system

— recruit quota system

— Red/Black voice switching system

— redundant communications system

— regional airspace control system

— relative tank-target motion correction armament stabilization system

— remote antiarmor mine system

— remote artillery antiarmor mining system

— remote control explosive ordnance reconnaissance and disposal system

— remote ICBM retargeting system

— remote mine delivery system

— remote mining system

— remote pop-up target system

— remotely monitored battlefield sensor system

— remotely piloted observation/designation system

— remotely-controlled explosive boat system

— reporting system

— reports control system

— resource capability assessment system

— resource management system

— Retain system

— retarded flare system

— retractable missile launching system

— rifle-light MG system

— rifleman's assault system

— rocket command system

— rocket system

— rocket-assisted mine-clearing system

— rocket-assisted parachute system

— roller mine clearance system

— roller-locked bolt system

— rotor-mast-mounted target acquisition system

— RPV and ground station-based multichannel information transmission system

— running key system

— SAC operational planning system

— SAC operations planning system

— safeguards system

— safety and arming system

— satellite attack warning system

— satellite communications system

— satellite data relay system

— satellite destruction system

— satellite detection radar system

— satellite ground terminal system

— satellite identification system

— satellite inspection system

— satellite intercept and destruction system

— satellite radio navigation system

— satellite returning fire system

— satellite surveillance system

— satellite verification system

— satellite warning system

— satellite/aircraft ocean surveillance system

— satellite-based defense system

— satellite-borne surveillance system

— saturation firing weapon system

— scaled-range target system

— scatterable mine system

— scenario-oriented recurring evaluation system

— schedule control assault system

— scrambled speech communications system

— scrambling communications system

— screening ABM defense system

— sea surveillance satellite system

— sea-based strategic nuclear deterrent system

— sea-denial system

— sea-launched BM warning and display system

— sealed authentication system

— search and rescue satellite system

— see-and-shoot firing system

— selected calling system

— selective routing system

— selective service system

— self-contained system

— self-defense air defense system

— self-defense EW system

— self-defense jamming system

— self-defense system

— self-deployable weapon system

— semiactive low-rate sampled data system

— semicentralized promotion system

— semifixed SAM system

— semistationary ground missile system

— semistationary SAM system

— seniority cadetship system

— serial fire rifle system

— ship air defense system

— shipborne air defense missile system

— shipborne missile system

— shipping ASW/air defense container system

— ship-to-air missile system

— ship-to-submarine underwater telephone system

— short-pulse mode radar mine detection system

— short-range SAM system

— shuttle spacecraft system

— signal collecting system

— single channel ground and airborne radio system

— single missile channel SAM system

— single target channel SAM system

— single tube missile system PK

— single-component officer system

— single-mission weapon system

— site protection system

— Small Elevation Angle Track and Surveillance system

— small SAM system

— smoke discharger system

— snap and go guidance system

— sniper rifle system

— soft landing rocket system

— software driven system

— sonobuoy reference system

— sound ranging system

— sound surveillance system

— SP AA gun system

— Space Detection and Tracking system

— space surveillance intelligence system

— space transportation system

— space warning system

— space weapon system

— space-based attack alarm system

— space-based counterspace and Earth target combat system

— space-based laser ABM system

— space-borne ABM system

— space-borne bomber IR detection and tracking system

— space-borne early warning system

— space-borne ICBM interception system

— space-borne ICBM launch system

— space-borne laser transmission system

— space-borne weapon system

— speech security system

— spent-case ejection system

— spherical coordinate system

— spinning and stabilization system

— spot report receiver system

— spread-spectrum communications system

— spurious emission detection system

— Squad Combat Optical Evaluation system

— stabilized line-of-sight sighting system

— stabilized sight fire control system

— Standard Civilian Personnel Management Information system

— Standard Installation/Division Personnel system

— standby selective service system

— standoff ECM system

— star aiming system

— star war weapon system

— state-of-the-art system

— stationary ground missile system

— Stealth-like ECM system

— stellar correction system

— stellar navigation system

— stores management system

— Strategic Army Communications system

— strategic communications satellite system

— strategic communications system

— strategic defensive weapon system

— strategic delivery system

— strategic interplanetary system

— strategic missile system

— strategic nuclear delivery system

— strategic nuclear weapon system

— strategic offensive weapon system

— strategic retaliatory system

— strategic satellite system

— strategic shipborne missile system

— strategic war reconnaissance system

— strategic warning system

— strategic weapon system

— strike system

— Submarine Integrated Battle and Data system

— submissile dispensing system

— submunitions delivery system

— superminiature laser communications system

— super-precision laser guidance system

— support system

— surface effects system

— surface rectangular coordinate system

— surface towed array surveillance system

— surface-to-air missile system

— surface-to-air self-defense missile system

— surveillance and detection system

— surveillance and target attack radar system

— surveillance satellite system

— surveying system

— survivable system

— suspense system

— switchless telephone system

— synchronous bombing sighting system

— synchronous satellite communications system

— synthetic flight training system

— system BM airborne launch control system

— tactical air control system

— tactical air crew training system

— tactical air defense automatic control system

— Tactical Air Force Intelligence Exploitation system

— tactical air reconnaissance pod system

— tactical air reconnaissance results reporting system

— tactical air support control system

— tactical airborne signal exploitation system

— tactical area communications system

— tactical automatic routing exchange system

— tactical automatic switching system

— tactical bridge access system

— tactical bridge egress system

— tactical communications system

— tactical computer system

— tactical computer-based message switching system

— tactical control system

— tactical electronic locating and targeting system

— tactical emitter location and identification system

— Tactical Emitter Operational Support system

— tactical EW deception system

— tactical expendable drone system

— tactical information organization system

— tactical information processing and interpretation system

— tactical jamming system

— tactical landing system

— tactical missile navigation system

— tactical nuclear delivery system

— tactical operations interactive simulation system

— tactical operations system

— tactical surface-to-surface weapon system

— tactical trunk communications system

— tail warning system

— tail-chase portable air defense missile system

— tank emergency fuel evacuation system

— tank engine exhaust smoke system

— tank fire control IR system

— tank fire control laser system

— tank gun line-of-sight reference stabilization system

— tank IFF system

— tank passive pitch and roll damping system

— tank self-protective smoke system

— tank self-screening smoke system

— tank target video tracking system

— tank weapon system

— tape-controlled automatic test and checkout system

— target illumination system

— target physical vulnerability analysis system

— target range system

— target recognition and attack multisensor system

— target search and track system

— target search IR system

— target system

— target trajectory registration system

— target-missile optical tracking AT guided missile system

— telegraph automatic relay system

— telemetry automated processing system

— telephone analyzing antibugging system

— teletype broadcast system

— terminal operations and movements management system

— terrain contour mapping aircraft positioning system

— terrain independent system

— terrain matching radio navigation system

— terrain navigation system

— terrain reconnaissance IR scanning system

— torpedo warhead antisubmarine rocket system

— torsion bars-in-torsion tubes suspension system

— total hospitalization system

— towed hydroacoustic submarine surveillance system

— towed low-level air defense system

— toxic alarm system

— tracked ammunition delivery system

— tracked vehicle-based missile system

— trailer relay system

— turnkey system

— two-tier information system

— vehicle gas overpressure system

— vehicle navigation system

— vehicle rapid fire weapon system

— vehicle smoke grenade system

— vehicular minefield bridging system

— velocity coordinate system

— verification system

— vertical delivery ship underway replenishment system

— vertical launching system

— vertical stowage system

— very intelligent surveillance and target acquisition system

— vibrational sensor guard alarm system

— visual warning system

— voice warning system

— voice-ciphering system

— voluntary recruitment system

— war weapon system

— warehoused system

— warfare system

— warhead pitch and yaw control nozzle system

— warning system

— wartime supply system

— waterborne vehicle trainer system

— weapons control system

— weapons delivery system

— weapons effects display system

— weapons locating system

— weapons support system

— weapons system

— wet secret writing system

— wheeled vehicle-based missile system

— wideband communications system

— wire system

— world geographic reference system

— worldwide ammunition reporting system

— worldwide navigation and position location system

— worldwide standard data management system

— X-ray ABM system

— X-Y system

English-Russian military dictionary > system
28 key

I [kiː] 1. сущ.
1) ключ ( от замка)

duplicate key — ключ-дубликат

master key — ключ-оригинал

a bunch of keys — связка ключей

a key to a door — ключ от двери

to duplicate a key — сделать ключ

to fit / match a key — подобрать ключ

to insert a key — вставлять ключ

to turn a key — поворачивать ключ

- false key
- key ring
- skeleton key
- hold the keys
2) эл. ключ

- telegraph key

3) клавиша (рояля, органа, флейты, компьютера); кнопка

to dejam a key — отпускать клавишу

to jam a key — держать клавишу

to press / strike a key — нажимать клавишу

- function key
- pound key
4) тех. шплинт, шпонка, чека

Syn:

pin, bolt, wedge

5)

а) ключ, разгадка

to hold the key to a mystery — знать разгадку тайны

Her story gave the key to the mystery. — Её рассказ явился разгадкой этой тайны.

б) ключ к упражнениям; сборник решений задач; указатель, индекс

a key to the exercises in a textbook — ключ к упражнениям учебника

в) ключ, код

•

Syn:

cue, clue, indicator, indication, indicant, solution, explanation, answer

6)

а) муз. ключ; тональность;

played in the key of C — сыгранный в до мажоре

- major key
- minor key
б) тон, высота голоса

high key — высокий звук

low key — низкий звук

off key — фальшивый звук

Syn:

pitch

в) иск. тон, оттенок ( о краске)

••

to have / get the key of the street шутл. — остаться на ночь без крова; быть выставленным за дверь

- golden key
- silver key
- as cold as a key 2. гл.
1)

а) запирать на ключ

б) радио работать ключом

в) эл. выключать, включать, переключать; снабжать рубильником, выключателем

г) тех. крепить шпонкой; сажать на шпонку

д) приклеивать, сажать на клей, раствор

е) = key in набивать, набирать, вводить (информацию в компьютер, текст на машинке)

2) шифровать, использовать условные обозначения

3)

а) приводить в соответствие, приспосабливать, адаптировать; находиться в соответствии, гармонировать

We tried to key the program to a younger audience. — Мы постарались адресовать нашу программу более молодой аудитории.

Lean young skyscrapers key in with Rome's general virtuosity. — Стройные новые небоскребы гармонируют с общим стилем римской архитектуры.

Syn:

adjust, fit, suit, adapt, address

б) (= key up) настраивать (скрипку, гитару)

Are all the strings properly keyed up? — Все струны настроены?

4) класть замковый камень в кладку

5) царапать ключом (например, краску на автомобиле)

••

- be keyed up with
3. прил.
1) основной, ключевой; ведущий, командный; главный

- key industries
- key positions
- key problem
- key actor
2) определяющий, опознавательный
II [kiː] сущ.; искаж. cay
отмель, риф

- key deer

Syn:

shoal, sandbank
III [kiː] сущ.; нарк.; сокр. от kilo
килограмм наркоты

Англо-русский современный словарь > key
29 battery

батарея; аккумуляторная батарея; группа одинаковых деталей; ряд отстойников (очистной установки нефти)

- battery acid
- battery analyser - battery box - battery cable - battery capacity - battery carrier - battery case - battery cell - battery cell tester - battery charger - battery charging motor-generator - battery clamp - battery clip - battery cupboard - battery cut-out relay - battery diffusion - battery-driven vehicle - battery filler plug - battery holder - battery ignition - battery ignition switch - battery jar - battery lifter-carrier - battery master switch - battery meter - battery mounting - battery mud - battery of hauling equipment - battery paste - battery plate - battery rectifier - battery solution - battery starter tester - battery stop - battery switch - battery switch button - battery syringe - battery terminal - balancing battery - banked battery - booster battery - closed-circuit battery - dry battery - floating battery - iron storage battery - lead battery - storage battery - traction battery - wet battery

Англо-русский словарь по машиностроению > battery
30 index

1) индекс, указатель || вносить в указатель; снабжать указателем

2) индекс, показатель || индексировать

3) коэффициент

4) метка

5) указательный знак

•

- absolute ramification index

- acousto-electric index

- adjusted index

- affine index

- aggregative index

- analytical index

- augmented index

- binomial index of dispersion

- boundary index

- bounded index

- braid index

- certainty index

- chain index

- characteristic index

- chromatic index

- cofinality index

- coincidence index

- column index

- combined index

- complexity index

- component index

- composite index

- confidence index

- congruence index

- connective index

- consistency index

- constant index

- continuous index

- contravariant index

- convertibility index

- corner index

- correction index

- correlation index

- corrosion depth index

- corrosion index

- cost of living index

- covariant index

- critical index

- crystal-face index

- curvature index

- derived index

- descriptive index

- differentiability index

- directivity index

- discontinuity index

- dispersion index

- dummy index

- efficiency index

- electroacoustic index

- exceptional index

- fading index

- finite index

- fixed index

- fixed-base index

- flow index

- fractional index

- free index

- frequency modulation index

- functional index

- fuzziness index

- grindability index

- gross index

- harmonic index

- helicity index

- hydraulic index

- index modulo m
- index of a subgroup
- index of abnormality

- index of association

- index of bilinear form

- index of cograduation

- index of coincidence

- index of concentration

- index of concordance

- index of connection

- index of cooperation

- index of correlation

- index of cost of living
- index of critical point
- index of determination

- index of dispersion

- index of dissimilarity

- index of diversity

- index of error

- index of function

- index of geodesic

- index of group

- index of imprimitivity

- index of inconsistency

- index of inertia

- index of intersection

- index of kurtosis

- index of morphism

- index of multiple correlation
- index of multiple determination
- index of multiplicity

- index of nilpotency

- index of operator

- index of oscillation

- index of plasticity

- index of point

- index of polynomial

- index of power

- index of primitivity

- index of problem

- index of proximity

- index of quadratic form

- index of radical

- index of refraction

- index of representation

- index of resemblance

- index of ring

- index of self-intersection

- index of set

- index of skewness

- index of space

- index of specialty

- index of string

- index of summation

- index of surface

- index of symmetric matrix

- inferior index

- initial index

- interior index

- interruptibility index

- ionic index

- iteration index

- lacunary index

- ladder index

- line-deletion index

- line-negation index

- local index

- main index

- master index

- minimal index

- modified refractive index

- modulation index

- module index

- negative index

- notch sensitivity index

- overall index

- packing index

- parity index

- positive index

- preference index

- price index

- principal index

- production index

- product-quality index

- qualitative index

- quantitative index

- quantum index

- ramification index

- random index

- recursively enumerable index
- reduced ramification index
- refractive index

- relative index

- relative precision index

- reliability index

- reverberation index

- rigidity index

- root index

- rough index

- running index

- scattering index

- secondary index

- selection index

- sensitivity index

- shift index

- singular index

- soil penetration index

- solution index

- solvability index

- Spearman index of cograduation

- subject index

- surprise index

- temperature setting index

- topological index

- total index

- trend index

- umbral index

- uniform index

- unitary index

- upper index

- utility index

- variability index

- virtual index

- viscosity index

- volatility index

- weak ladder index

- well index

- zero index

English-Russian scientific dictionary > index
31 vector

1) вектор || векторный

2) матем. матрица-столбец

3) аэро пеленг

•

vector at the origin — вектор, проведённый из начала координат

vector of order n — n-мерный вектор

vector terminating at A — вектор с концом в точке A

vector to enter basis — вектор, вводимый в базис

vector to leave basis — вектор, исключаемый из базиса

vector with unit length — единичный вектор; орт

- absolute vector

- acceleration vector

- adjoined vector

- adjoint vector

- allowable vector

- almost analytic vector
- almost periodic vector - almost proper vector
- analytic vector

- angular momentum vector

- angular vector

- antiholomorphic cotangent vector
- antiholomorphic tangent vector
- arbitrary vector

- associated vector

- asymptotic vector

- attached vector

- augmented vector

- base vector

- basis vector

- binary vector

- binormal vector

- block-floating vector

- bound vector

- bounded vector

- bra vector

- buckling vector

- Burgers vector

- centroid vector

- characteristic vector

- code vector

- coefficient vector

- column sum vector

- column vector

- complex vector

- component vector

- concave vector

- constant vector

- contravariantly related vectors

- control vector

- coordinate vector

- correction vector

- costate vector

- cotangent vector

- covariant vector

- critical vector

- cross-derivative vector

- curvature vector

- cyclic vector

- decision vector

- decomposable vector

- degenerate vector

- derived vector

- differentiable vector

- differential vector

- directing vector

- direction vector

- disturbance vector

- divergence of vector

- divergence vector

- dominant vector

- drift vector

- dummy vector

- electric displacement vector

- electric vector

- elementary vector

- embedded vector

- entering vector

- equilibrium vector

- evaluation vector

- extremal vector
- extreme vector
- feasible vector

- fixed vector

- flow vector
- flux vector
- focal vector

- force vector

- four-dimensional vector

- free vector

- generating vector

- geometrical vector

- gliding vector

- gradient vector

- harmonic vector

- highest weight vector

- holomorphic vector

- horizontal vector

- improper vector

- incremental vector

- indefinite vector

- infinite-dimensional vector

- infinitesimal vector

- initial vector

- input vector

- integral vector

- intensity vector

- interaction vector

- interrupt vector

- irreversible vector

- irrotational vector

- isotropic vector

- latent vector

- left-hand vector

- lexicographically positive vector

- limit vector

- line of vector

- linear-dependent vector

- load vector

- localized vector

- loss vector

- lowest weight vector
- magnetic displacement vector
- master vector

- matrix vector

- maximal vector

- mean curvature vector

- mean vector

- measuring vector

- minimizing vector

- monotone vector

- mutually perpendicular vectors

- n-component vector

- n-dimensional vector

- negative vector

- neutral vector

- nill vector

- nodal vector

- noise vector

- nondegenerate vector

- nonisotropic vector

- nonlocalized vector

- nonprimitive vector

- nonstandardized vector

- nonvanishing vector

- non-vanishing vector

- nonzero vector
- normal curvature vector - normal unit vector
- normalized vector

- n-space vector

- null vector

- nullity vector

- observation vector

- operand vector

- opposite vector

- optimal vector

- orthonormalized vector

- outward normal vector

- payoff vector

- pendulum vector

- phase vector

- plate-motion vectors

- polar vector

- policy vector

- positively independent vector

- price vector

- principal vector

- probability vector

- propagation vector

- purely spatial vector

- quasianalytic vector

- radial vector

- radius vector

- random vector

- rational vector

- real vector

- reciprocal lattice vector

- reciprocal vector

- recourse vector

- reduced vector

- reference vector

- regression vector

- regular vector

- relative curvature vector

- relative vector

- residual vector

- resolvent vector

- result vector

- resultant vector

- reversed vector

- right-hand vector

- root vector

- rotating vector

- rotation vector

- row sum vector

- row vector

- sectionally holomorphic vector

- self-adjoint vector

- semipositive vector

- separating vector

- shift vector

- simple vector

- singular vector

- sliding vector

- slip vector

- smooth vector

- smoothing vector

- solenoidal vector

- solution vector

- space-like vector

- special vector

- spin vector

- stable vector

- stationary vector

- stochastic vector

- strategy vector

- stress vector

- subordinate vector

- substochastic vector

- surface vector

- symmetric random vector

- symmetry vector

- tangential vector

- three-dimensional vector

- time-like vector
- time-similar vector - translation vector
- translator vector

- transversal vector

- true vector

- truncated vector

- twist vector

- unit vector

- unit vector

- unitary vector

- utility vector

- vector of effects

- vector of errors

- vector of means

- vector of observations

- vector of parameters

- velocity vector

- vertical vector

- vortex-free vector

- vorticity vector

- wave vector

- weight vector

- zero vector

English-Russian scientific dictionary > vector
32 key

1. n гаечный ключ

double-current key — двойной ключ

key interlock — блокировка ключом

key sorting — сортировка по ключу

candidate key — потенциальный ключ

concatenated key — сцепленный ключ

2. n эл. ключ, кнопка, рычажный переключатель

with only one key stroke — посредством одного нажатия кнопки

ATM key — ключ в банкомате для шифровки PIN-блока транзакции

order-wire speaking key — переговорный ключ служебной линии

infinite random key — неопределенный рандомизированный ключ

the key admits to the garden — это ключ от садовой калитки

3. n ключ; подстрочник

key to the Latin book — подстрочник к латинской книге

speaking key — переговорный ключ

telegraph key — телеграфный ключ

Torx type key — ключ типа "Торкс"

ascending key — возрастающий ключ

key clerk — ответственный за ключи

4. n определитель

5. n ключ; разъяснение, разгадка

key to a mystery — разгадка тайны

key to a political situation — ключ к пониманию политической ситуации

encryption key — ключ шифрования

key filter — искрогаситель ключа

rocking key — коммутаторный ключ

radius key — ключ для круглых гаек

sequencing key — ключ упорядочения

6. n ключ, ключевая позиция

key to the Mediterranean — ключ к Средиземному морю

function key — функциональная клавиша; функциональный ключ

spring winding key — ключ для завода пружинного механизма

did you try this key? — вы пробовали открыть этим ключом?

microadjustable key — ключ с микрометрической настройкой

to twist the key — сломать ключ, свернуть головку ключа

7. n верный путь, ключ

key to the heart — ключ к сердцу

key contact — ключ

key file — файл ключей

morse key — ключ Морзе

nut key — гаечный ключ

cap key — торцовый ключ

8. n тех. клин; шпонка; чека, засов

key groove — шпоночная канавка

cotter key — клин

solid key — шпонка

forelock key — чека

fox key — двойной клин

pin key — круглая шпонка

9. n стр. клинчатый кирпич

voussoir key — клинчатый кирпич

key brick — замковый клиновой кирпич

10. n архит. замок, ключ свода или арки

card key — ключ - карта

firing key — ключ пуска

key bit — бородка ключа

key card — ключ - карта

key size — размер ключа

11. n бот. крылатка

key fruit — крылатка

12. n амер. разг. студент привилегированного университета

13. a главный, основной, ведущий

key industries — ведущие отрасли промышленности

key man — незаменимый работник, специалист

key personnel — ведущие специалисты

key actor — ведущий актёр

key gene — главный ген

key row — основной ряд

key dam — главная дамба

key tank — основной танк

key account — основной счет

14. a ключевой

key position — ключевая позиция

financial key figure — ключевой финансовый показатель

key word — ключевое слово; зарезервированное слово

key tools — ключевые инструментальные средства

key words analyzer — анализатор ключевых слов

key address — основной адрес; ключевой адрес

15. a кино, фото основной

key light — основной свет, ключевой свет

key assets — основные фонды

key color — основная краска

key market — основной рынок

key measure — основная мера

key task — основное задание

16. a спец. дескрипторный

key system — дескрипторная система

17. a определяющий, опознавательный

key line — ключ к произношению и различным знакам

18. v запирать на ключ

pass key — ключ доступа

write key — ключ записи

call key — вызывной ключ

diode key — диодный ключ

key length — длина ключа

19. v использовать условные обозначения, значки, символы

instructions keyed to accompanying drawings — пояснения к чертежам, легенда

key letter — символ ключа

accent key — клавиша знака над символом

statement of key — обозначение тональности

20. v тех. заклинить, закрепить шпонкой

spider key — шпонка для подвижной крестовины рулонной звезды

cutter-locating key — шпонка корпуса зуборезной головки

round-end key — шпонка с скругленными торцами

chamfered key — шпонка со скошенными ребрами

gib-head key — клиновая шпонка с головкой

21. v тел. радио, работать ключом

key job — типовая работа

minor key — младший ключ

safe key — ключ от сейфа

safety key — ключ защиты

screw key — гаечный ключ

22. n клавиша; клапан

the keys of a pianoforte — клавиши фортепиано

key hold — педальная поддержка звучания определенной клавиши

function key definition — определение функциональной клавиши

editing function key — функциональная клавиша редактирования

key binding — задание функции клавиши; "привязка" клавиши

application shortcut key — оперативная клавиша программы

23. n клавиатура

a set of keys — клавиатура

key board and mouse response — реакция на мышь и клавиатуру

key synchronization — фазовая синхронизация клавиатуры

key shift — полутоновое смещение клавиатуры

key regulation — регулирование клавиатуры

key transpose — транспозиция клавиатуры

24. n муз. ключ, тональность

major key — мажорная тональность

Allen key — торцовый ключ

allen key — торцевый ключ

chuck key — торцовый ключ

key record — запись ключа

repeat key — ключ повтора

25. n тон речи

plaintive key — жалобный тон

all in the same key — монотонно

in a high key — в светлых тонах

plain key — гамма средних тонов

middle key — гамма средних тонов

normal key — гамма средних тонов

26. n стиль речи

romantic key — романтический стиль

27. n тон, оттенок

picture painted in a low key — картина, написанная в тёмных тонах

low key — гамма тёмных тонов

in a low key — в тёмных тонах

high key — гамма светлых тонов

28. n «ключ», тональность

numerical key — цифровой ключ шифра

operator talk key — разговорный ключ

unmanched key — несогласованный ключ

unmatched key — несогласованный ключ

calculation key — ключ для вычисления

29. v настраивать музыкальный инструмент

30. v приспосабливать; приводить в соответствие

remarks keyd to the situation — замечания, приличествующие данной ситуации

31. v спорт. присматривать за соответствующим номером команды противника; «опекать»

key number — номер клавиши

voice key — речевая команда

operating key — клавиша команд управления

shortcut key — клавиша быстрого выбора команд

MIDI key number chart — таблица номеров клавиш

32. n амер. островок,

33. n сл. килограмм

Синонимический ряд:

1. central (adj.) cardinal; central; pivotal

2. first (adj.) basic; capital; chief; dominant; first; foremost; fundamental; important; leading; main; major; outstanding; paramount; pre-eminent; premier; primary; prime; principal; top

3. answer (noun) answer; determinant; explanation; solution

4. bar (noun) bar; cay; reef

5. lock opener (noun) house key; ignition key; latchkey; lock opener; master key; pass; passe-partout; passkey; skeleton key

6. means of access (noun) catalog; catalogue; clue; code; expedient; guide; index; manual; means; means of access

7. passport (noun) open sesame; passport; password

8. pitch (noun) pitch; tone

9. route (noun) route; secret; ticket

Антонимический ряд:

minor; problem

English-Russian base dictionary > key
33 Bain, Alexander

SUBJECT AREA: Horology, Telecommunications

[br]

b. October 1810 Watten, Scotland

d. 2 January 1877 Kirkintilloch, Scotland

[br]

Scottish inventor and entrepreneur who laid the foundations of electrical horology and designed an electromagnetic means of transmitting images (facsimile).

[br]

Alexander Bain was born into a crofting family in a remote part of Scotland. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Wick and during that time he was strongly influenced by a lecture on "Heat, sound and electricity" that he heard in nearby Thurso. This lecture induced him to take up a position in Clerkenwell in London, working as a journeyman clockmaker, where he was able to further his knowledge of electricity by attending lectures at the Adelaide Gallery and the Polytechnic Institution. His thoughts naturally turned to the application of electricity to clockmaking, and despite a bitter dispute with Charles Wheatstone over priority he was granted the first British patent for an electric clock. This patent, taken out on 11 January 1841, described a mechanism for an electric clock, in which an oscillating component of the clock operated a mechanical switch that initiated an electromagnetic pulse to maintain the regular, periodic motion. This principle was used in his master clock, produced in 1845. On 12 December of the same year, he patented a means of using electricity to control the operation of steam railway engines via a steam-valve. His earliest patent was particularly far-sighted and anticipated most of the developments in electrical horology that occurred during the nineteenth century. He proposed the use of electricity not only to drive clocks but also to distribute time over a distance by correcting the hands of mechanical clocks, synchronizing pendulums and using slave dials (here he was anticipated by Steinheil). However, he was less successful in putting these ideas into practice, and his electric clocks proved to be unreliable. Early electric clocks had two weaknesses: the battery; and the switching mechanism that fed the current to the electromagnets. Bain's earth battery, patented in 1843, overcame the first defect by providing a reasonably constant current to drive his clocks, but unlike Hipp he failed to produce a reliable switch.

The application of Bain's numerous patents for electric telegraphy was more successful, and he derived most of his income from these. They included a patent of 12 December 1843 for a form of fax machine, a chemical telegraph that could be used for the transmission of text and of images (facsimile). At the receiver, signals were passed through a moving band of paper impregnated with a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide. For text, Morse code signals were used, and because the system could respond to signals faster than those generated by hand, perforated paper tape was used to transmit the messages; in a trial between Paris and Lille, 282 words were transmitted in less than one minute. In 1865 the Abbé Caselli, a French engineer, introduced a commercial fax service between Paris and Lyons, based on Bain's device. Bain also used the idea of perforated tape to operate musical wind instruments automatically. Bain squandered a great deal of money on litigation, initially with Wheatstone and then with Morse in the USA. Although his inventions were acknowledged, Bain appears to have received no honours, but when towards the end of his life he fell upon hard times, influential persons in 1873 secured for him a Civil List Pension of £80 per annum and the Royal Society gave him £150.

[br]

Bibliography

1841, British patent no. 8,783; 1843, British patent no. 9,745; 1845, British patent no.

10,838; 1847, British patent no. 11,584; 1852, British patent no. 14,146 (all for electric clocks).

1852, A Short History of the Electric Clocks with Explanation of Their Principles and

Mechanism and Instruction for Their Management and Regulation, London; reprinted 1973, introd. W.Hackmann, London: Turner \& Devereux (as the title implies, this pamphlet was probably intended for the purchasers of his clocks).

Further Reading

The best account of Bain's life and work is in papers by C.A.Aked in Antiquarian Horology: "Electricity, magnetism and clocks" (1971) 7: 398–415; "Alexander Bain, the father of electrical horology" (1974) 9:51–63; "An early electric turret clock" (1975) 7:428–42. These papers were reprinted together (1976) in A Conspectus of Electrical Timekeeping, Monograph No. 12, Antiquarian Horological Society: Tilehurst.

J.Finlaison, 1834, An Account of Some Remarkable Applications of the Electric Fluid to the Useful Arts by Alexander Bain, London (a contemporary account between Wheatstone and Bain over the invention of the electric clock).

J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph, Religious Tract Society.

J.Malster \& M.J.Bowden, 1976, "Facsimile. A Review", Radio \&Electronic Engineer 46:55.

D.J.Weaver, 1982, Electrical Clocks and Watches, Newnes.

T.Hunkin, 1993, "Just give me the fax", New Scientist (13 February):33–7 (provides details of Bain's and later fax devices).

See also: Bakewell, Frederick C.

DV / KF

Biographical history of technology > Bain, Alexander
34 Graham, George

SUBJECT AREA: Horology

[br]

b. c.1674 Cumberland, England

d. 16 November 1751 London, England

[br]

English watch-and clockmaker who invented the cylinder escapement for watches, the first successful dead-beat escapement for clocks and the mercury compensation pendulum.

[br]

Graham's father died soon after his birth, so he was raised by his brother. In 1688 he was apprenticed to the London clockmaker Henry Aske, and in 1695 he gained his freedom. He was employed as a journeyman by Tompion in 1696 and later married his niece. In 1711 he formed a partnership with Tompion and effectively ran the business in Tompion's declining years; he took over the business after Tompion died in 1713. In addition to his horological interests he also made scientific instruments, specializing in those for astronomical use. As a person, he was well respected and appears to have lived up to the epithet "Honest George Graham". He befriended John Harrison when he first went to London and lent him money to further his researches at a time when they might have conflicted with his own interests.

The two common forms of escapement in use in Graham's time, the anchor escapement for clocks and the verge escapement for watches, shared the same weakness: they interfered severely with the free oscillation of the pendulum and the balance, and thus adversely affected the timekeeping. Tompion's two frictional rest escapements, the dead-beat for clocks and the horizontal for watches, had provided a partial solution by eliminating recoil (the momentary reversal of the motion of the timepiece), but they had not been successful in practice. Around 1720 Graham produced his own much improved version of the dead-beat escapement which became a standard feature of regulator clocks, at least in Britain, until its supremacy was challenged at the end of the nineteenth century by the superior accuracy of the Riefler clock. Another feature of the regulator clock owed to Graham was the mercury compensation pendulum, which he invented in 1722 and published four years later. The bob of this pendulum contained mercury, the surface of which rose or fell with changes in temperature, compensating for the concomitant variation in the length of the pendulum rod. Graham devised his mercury pendulum after he had failed to achieve compensation by means of the difference in expansion between various metals. He then turned his attention to improving Tompion's horizontal escapement, and by 1725 the cylinder escapement existed in what was virtually its final form. From the following year he fitted this escapement to all his watches, and it was also used extensively by London makers for their precision watches. It proved to be somewhat lacking in durability, but this problem was overcome later in the century by using a ruby cylinder, notably by Abraham Louis Breguet. It was revived, in a cheaper form, by the Swiss and the French in the nineteenth century and was produced in vast quantities.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

FRS 1720. Master of the Clockmakers' Company 1722.

Bibliography

Graham contributed many papers to the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, in particular "A contrivance to avoid the irregularities in a clock's motion occasion'd by the action of heat and cold upon the rod of the pendulum" (1726) 34:40–4.

Further Reading

Britten's Watch \& Clock Maker's Handbook Dictionary and Guide, 1978, rev. Richard Good, 16th edn, London, pp. 81, 84, 232 (for a technical description of the dead-beat and cylinder escapements and the mercury compensation pendulum).

A.J.Turner, 1972, "The introduction of the dead-beat escapement: a new document", Antiquarian Horology 8:71.

E.A.Battison, 1972, biography, Biographical Dictionary of Science, ed. C.C.Gillespie, Vol. V, New York, 490–2 (contains a résumé of Graham's non-horological activities).

See also: Barlow, Edward; Guillaume, Charles-Edouard

DV

Biographical history of technology > Graham, George
35 Herschel, John Frederick William

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

[br]

b. 7 March 1792 Slough, England

d. 11 May 1871 Collingwood, England

[br]

English scientist who introduced "hypo" (thiosulphate) as a photographic fixative and discovered the blueprint process.

[br]

The only son of Sir William Herschel, the famous astronomer, John graduated from Cambridge in 1813 and went on to become a distinguished astronomer, mathematician and chemist. He left England in November 1833 to set up an observatory near Cape Town, South Africa, where he embarked on a study of the heavens in the southern hemisphere. He returned to England in the spring of 1838, and between 1850 and 1855 Herschel served as Master of the Royal Mint. He made several notable contributions to photography, perhaps the most important being his discovery in 1819 that hyposulphites (thiosulphates) would dissolve silver salts. He brought this property to the attention of W.H.F. Talbot, who in 1839 was using a common salt solution as a fixing agent for his early photographs. After trials, Talbot adopted "hypo", which was a far more effective fixative. It was soon adopted by other photographers and eventually became the standard photographic fixative, as it still is in the 1990s. After hearing of the first photographic process in January 1839, Herschel devised his own process within a week. In September 1839 he made the first photograph on glass. He is credited with introducing the words "positive", "negative" and "snapshot" to photography, and in 1842 he invented the cyanotype or "blueprint" process. This process was later to be widely adopted by engineers and architects for the reproduction of plans and technical drawings, a practice abandoned only in the late twentieth century.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Knight of the Royal Hanoverian Guelphic Order 1831. Baronet 1838. FRS 1813. Copley Medal 1821.

Further Reading

Dictionary of National Biography, 1968, Vol. IX, pp. 714–19.

H.J.P.Arnold, 1977, William Henry Fox Talbot, London; Larry J.Schaaf, 1992, Out of the Shadows: Herschel, Talbot and the Invention of Photography, Newhaven and London (for details of his contributions to photography and his relationship with Talbot).

JW

Biographical history of technology > Herschel, John Frederick William
36 Le Roy, Pierre

SUBJECT AREA: Horology

[br]

b. 24 November 1717 Paris, France

d. 25 August 1785 Viry-sur-Orge, France

[br]

French horologist who invented the detached détente escapement and the compensation balance.

[br]

Le Roy was born into a distinguished horological family: his father, Julien, was Clockmaker to the King. Pierre became Master in 1737 and continued to work with his father, taking over the business when his father died in 1759. However, he seems to have left the commercial side of the business to others so that he could concentrate on developing the marine chronometer. Unlike John Harrison, he believed that the solution lay in detaching the escapement from the balance, and in 1748 he submitted a proposal for the first detached escapement to the Académie des Sciences in Paris. He also differed from Harrison in his method of temperature compensation, which acted directly on the balance by altering its radius of gyration. This was achieved either by mounting thermometers on the balance or by using bimetallic strips which effectively reduced the diameter of the balance as the temperature rose (with refinements, this later became the standard method of temperature compensation in watches and chronometers). Le Roy had already discovered that for every spiral balance spring there was a particular length at which it would be isochronous, and this method of temperature compensation did not destroy that isochronism by altering the length, as other methods did. These innovations were incorporated in a chronometer with an improved detached escapement which he presented to Louis XV in 1766 and described in a memoir to the Académie des Sciences. This instrument contained the three essential elements of all subsequent chronometers: an isochronous balance spring, a detached escapement and a balance with temperature compensation. Its performance was similar to that of Harrison's fourth timepiece, and Le Roy was awarded prizes by the Académie des Sciences for the chronometer and for his memoir. However, his work was never fully appreciated in France, where he was over-shadowed by his rival Ferdinand Berthoud. When Berthoud was awarded the coveted title of Horloger de la Marine, Le Roy became disillusioned and shortly afterwards gave up chronometry and retired to the country.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

Horloger du Roi 1760.

Bibliography

1748, "Echappement à détente", Histoire et mémoires de l'Académie Royale des Sciences.

1770, Mémoire sur la meilleure manière de mesurer le temps en mer, Paris.

Further Reading

R.T.Gould, 1923, The Marine Chronometer: Its History and Development, London; reprinted 1960, Holland Press (still the standard work on the subject).

DV

Biographical history of technology > Le Roy, Pierre
37 Sprague, Frank Julian

SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Electricity, Land transport, Railways and locomotives

[br]

b. 25 July 1857 Milford, Connecticut, USA

d. 25 October 1934 New York, USA

[br]

American electrical engineer and inventor, a leading innovator in electric propulsion systems for urban transport.

[br]

Graduating from the United States Naval Academy, Annapolis, in 1878, Sprague served at sea and with various shore establishments. In 1883 he resigned from the Navy and obtained employment with the Edison Company; but being convinced that the use of electricity for motive power was as important as that for illumination, in 1884 he founded the Sprague Electric Railway and Motor Company. Sprague began to develop reliable and efficient motors in large sizes, marketing 15 hp (11 kW) examples by 1885. He devised the method of collecting current by using a wooden, spring-loaded rod to press a roller against the underside of an overhead wire. The installation by Sprague in 1888 of a street tramway on a large scale in Richmond, Virginia, was to become the prototype of the universally adopted trolley system with overhead conductor and the beginning of commercial electric traction. Following the success of the Richmond tramway the company equipped sixty-seven other railways before its merger with Edison General Electric in 1890. The Sprague traction motor supported on the axle of electric streetcars and flexibly mounted to the bogie set a pattern that was widely adopted for many years.

Encouraged by successful experiments with multiple-sheave electric elevators, the Sprague Elevator Company was formed and installed the first set of high-speed passenger cars in 1893–4. These effectively displaced hydraulic elevators in larger buildings. From experience with control systems for these, he developed his system of multiple-unit control for electric trains, which other engineers had considered impracticable. In Sprague's system, a master controller situated in the driver's cab operated electrically at a distance the contactors and reversers which controlled the motors distributed down the train. After years of experiment, Sprague's multiple-unit control was put into use for the first time in 1898 by the Chicago South Side Elevated Railway: within fifteen years multiple-unit operation was used worldwide.

[br]

Principal Honours and Distinctions

President, American Institute of Electrical Engineers 1892–3. Franklin Institute Elliot Cresson Medal 1904, Franklin Medal 1921. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1910.

Bibliography

1888, "The solution of municipal rapid transit", Trans. AIEE 5:352–98. See "The multiple unit system for electric railways", Cassiers Magazine, (1899) London, repub. 1960, 439–460.

1934, "Digging in “The Mines of the Motor”", Electrical Engineering 53, New York: 695–706 (a short autobiography).

Further Reading

Lionel Calisch, 1913, Electric Traction, London: The Locomotive Publishing Co., Ch. 6 (for a near-contemporary view of Sprague's multiple-unit control).

D.C.Jackson, 1934, "Frank Julian Sprague", Scientific Monthly 57:431–41.

H.C.Passer, 1952, "Frank Julian Sprague: father of electric traction", in Men of Business, ed. W. Miller, Cambridge, Mass., pp. 212–37 (a reliable account).

——1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass. P.Ransome-Wallis (ed.), 1959, The Concise Encyclopaedia of World Railway

Locomotives, London: Hutchinson, p. 143..

John Marshall, 1978, A Biographical Dictionary of Railway Engineers, Newton Abbot: David \& Charles.

GW / PJGR

Biographical history of technology > Sprague, Frank Julian

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