-
121 Bain, Alexander
[br]b. October 1810 Watten, Scotlandd. 2 January 1877 Kirkintilloch, Scotland[br]Scottish inventor and entrepreneur who laid the foundations of electrical horology and designed an electromagnetic means of transmitting images (facsimile).[br]Alexander Bain was born into a crofting family in a remote part of Scotland. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Wick and during that time he was strongly influenced by a lecture on "Heat, sound and electricity" that he heard in nearby Thurso. This lecture induced him to take up a position in Clerkenwell in London, working as a journeyman clockmaker, where he was able to further his knowledge of electricity by attending lectures at the Adelaide Gallery and the Polytechnic Institution. His thoughts naturally turned to the application of electricity to clockmaking, and despite a bitter dispute with Charles Wheatstone over priority he was granted the first British patent for an electric clock. This patent, taken out on 11 January 1841, described a mechanism for an electric clock, in which an oscillating component of the clock operated a mechanical switch that initiated an electromagnetic pulse to maintain the regular, periodic motion. This principle was used in his master clock, produced in 1845. On 12 December of the same year, he patented a means of using electricity to control the operation of steam railway engines via a steam-valve. His earliest patent was particularly far-sighted and anticipated most of the developments in electrical horology that occurred during the nineteenth century. He proposed the use of electricity not only to drive clocks but also to distribute time over a distance by correcting the hands of mechanical clocks, synchronizing pendulums and using slave dials (here he was anticipated by Steinheil). However, he was less successful in putting these ideas into practice, and his electric clocks proved to be unreliable. Early electric clocks had two weaknesses: the battery; and the switching mechanism that fed the current to the electromagnets. Bain's earth battery, patented in 1843, overcame the first defect by providing a reasonably constant current to drive his clocks, but unlike Hipp he failed to produce a reliable switch.The application of Bain's numerous patents for electric telegraphy was more successful, and he derived most of his income from these. They included a patent of 12 December 1843 for a form of fax machine, a chemical telegraph that could be used for the transmission of text and of images (facsimile). At the receiver, signals were passed through a moving band of paper impregnated with a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide. For text, Morse code signals were used, and because the system could respond to signals faster than those generated by hand, perforated paper tape was used to transmit the messages; in a trial between Paris and Lille, 282 words were transmitted in less than one minute. In 1865 the Abbé Caselli, a French engineer, introduced a commercial fax service between Paris and Lyons, based on Bain's device. Bain also used the idea of perforated tape to operate musical wind instruments automatically. Bain squandered a great deal of money on litigation, initially with Wheatstone and then with Morse in the USA. Although his inventions were acknowledged, Bain appears to have received no honours, but when towards the end of his life he fell upon hard times, influential persons in 1873 secured for him a Civil List Pension of £80 per annum and the Royal Society gave him £150.[br]Bibliography1841, British patent no. 8,783; 1843, British patent no. 9,745; 1845, British patent no.10,838; 1847, British patent no. 11,584; 1852, British patent no. 14,146 (all for electric clocks).1852, A Short History of the Electric Clocks with Explanation of Their Principles andMechanism and Instruction for Their Management and Regulation, London; reprinted 1973, introd. W.Hackmann, London: Turner \& Devereux (as the title implies, this pamphlet was probably intended for the purchasers of his clocks).Further ReadingThe best account of Bain's life and work is in papers by C.A.Aked in Antiquarian Horology: "Electricity, magnetism and clocks" (1971) 7: 398–415; "Alexander Bain, the father of electrical horology" (1974) 9:51–63; "An early electric turret clock" (1975) 7:428–42. These papers were reprinted together (1976) in A Conspectus of Electrical Timekeeping, Monograph No. 12, Antiquarian Horological Society: Tilehurst.J.Finlaison, 1834, An Account of Some Remarkable Applications of the Electric Fluid to the Useful Arts by Alexander Bain, London (a contemporary account between Wheatstone and Bain over the invention of the electric clock).J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph, Religious Tract Society.J.Malster \& M.J.Bowden, 1976, "Facsimile. A Review", Radio \&Electronic Engineer 46:55.D.J.Weaver, 1982, Electrical Clocks and Watches, Newnes.T.Hunkin, 1993, "Just give me the fax", New Scientist (13 February):33–7 (provides details of Bain's and later fax devices).See also: Bakewell, Frederick C.DV / KF -
122 frequency
1) частота2) повторяемость; частота повторения; периодичность•-
absolute cumulative frequency
-
absolute frequency
-
acoustic frequency
-
actual frequency
-
adjacent frequency
-
adjustment frequency
-
air distress frequency
- air-ground radio frequency -
alias frequency
-
allocated frequency
-
alternate frequency
-
angular frequency
-
antiresonance frequency
-
assigned frequency
-
audio frequency
-
authorized frequency
-
base cutoff frequency
-
base frequency
-
basic frequency
-
basic repetition frequency
-
beat frequency
-
bending frequency
-
bias frequency
-
boundary frequency
-
break frequency
-
broadcast frequency
-
burst frequency
-
calibrating frequency
-
call-back frequency
-
calling frequency
-
carrier frequency
-
catenary frequency
-
center frequency
-
channel frequency
-
characteristic frequency
-
chopping frequency
-
chroma subcarrier frequency
-
circular frequency
-
clock frequency
-
collision frequency
-
color subcarrier frequency
-
color-frame frequency
-
color-fusion frequency
-
color-picture frequency
-
combination frequencys
-
commercial frequency
-
complex frequency
-
component frequency
-
corner frequency
-
count frequency
-
critical frequency
-
crossover frequency
-
crystal frequency
-
culprit frequency
-
cutoff frequency
-
cyclic frequency
-
cyclotron frequency
-
damped frequency
-
damped natural frequency
-
damped vibration frequency
-
day frequency
-
dedicated frequency
-
departure frequency
-
difference frequency
-
discharge oscillatory frequency
-
dispersion frequency
-
distress frequency
-
dominant frequency
-
Doppler-beat frequency
-
Doppler frequency
-
downlink frequency
-
driving frequency
-
en-route frequency
-
erase frequency
-
excitation frequency
-
extinction frequency
-
extremely high frequency
-
extremely low frequency
-
ferromagnetic-resonance frequency
-
field-repetition frequency
-
field frequency
-
fixed frequency
-
flicker frequency
-
flood frequency
-
flow frequency
-
folding frequency
-
forcing frequency
-
frame-repetition frequency
-
frame frequency
-
free-running frequency
-
free frequency
-
frequency of discharges
-
frequency of irrigation
-
frequency of maximum admittance
-
frequency of maximum impedance
-
frequency of maximum transmission
-
frequency of operation
-
frequency of recalibration
-
fundamental frequency
-
fusion frequency
-
gear-meshing frequency
-
gliding frequency
-
graded-base cutoff frequency
-
harmonic frequency
-
high frequency
-
highest probable frequency
-
horizontal frequency
-
horizontal-repetition frequency
-
horizontal-sweep frequency
-
idler frequency
-
image frequency
-
impulse frequency
-
infralow frequency
-
infrasonic frequency
-
input frequency
-
instantaneous frequency
-
intended frequency
-
intercarrier frequency
-
intermediate frequency
-
ionization frequency
-
jammed frequency
-
jitter frequency
-
jump frequency
-
knee frequency
-
laser radiation frequency
-
limiting frequency
-
line frequency
-
line-locked frequency
-
line-scanning frequency
-
load resonance frequency
-
load resultant frequency
-
locking frequency
-
loop unity gain frequency
-
low frequency
-
lower cutoff frequency
-
lowest observed frequency
-
lowest usable frequency
-
lubrication frequency
-
main resonance frequency
-
mains frequency
-
master clock frequency
-
master frequency
-
maximum observed frequency
-
maximum usable frequency
-
microwave frequency
-
midband frequency
-
mode frequency
-
modulation frequency
-
multiple frequency
-
mutation frequency
-
natural frequency
-
notch frequency
-
note frequency
-
Nyquist frequency
-
off frequency
-
offset frequency
-
operating frequency
-
oscillating frequency
-
output frequency
-
parallel resonance frequency
-
penetration frequency
-
picture frequency
-
picture-carrier frequency
-
pilot frequency
-
plasma frequency
-
power-line frequency
-
power frequency
-
preset frequency
-
projection frequency
-
pull-in frequency
-
pull-out frequency
-
pulse-repetition frequency
-
pumping frequency
-
pump frequency
-
pushing frequency
-
quasi-resonance frequency
-
quenched frequency
-
quench frequency
-
quiescent frequency
-
radian frequency
-
radio frequency
-
ramp frequency
-
rated frequency
-
recombination frequency
-
reference frequency
-
repetition frequency
-
resonance frequency
-
resonator frequency
-
rest frequency
-
ring frequency
-
ringing frequency
-
ripple frequency
-
rotational frequency
-
rotation frequency
-
sampling frequency
-
scanning frequency
-
scan frequency
-
scanning-line frequency
-
scan-line frequency
-
secondary frequency
-
self-neutralization frequency
-
series resonance frequency
-
side frequency
-
signal frequency
-
sliding frequency
-
slip frequency
-
slot ripple frequency
-
sonic frequency
-
sound carrier frequency
-
sound frequency
-
source frequency
-
space frequency
-
specified frequency
-
spot frequency
-
standard frequency
-
steady-state frequency
-
stream frequency
-
subcarrier frequency
-
subharmonic frequency
-
subNyquist frequency
-
subsonic frequency
-
subsynchronous frequency
-
subtelephone frequency
-
superhigh frequency
-
super-Nyquist frequency
-
super-telephone frequency
-
supply frequency
-
sweep frequency
-
switching frequency
-
synchronizing frequency
-
synchronous frequency
-
system frequency
-
test frequency
-
threshold frequency
-
timing frequency
-
torsional frequency
-
transition frequency
-
troublesome resonant frequency
-
turnover frequency
-
ultrahigh frequency
-
ultralow frequency
-
ultrasonic frequency
-
unassigned frequency
-
undamped frequency
-
unused frequency
-
unwanted frequency
-
usage frequency
-
vertical frequency
-
vertical-repetition frequency
-
vertical-sweep frequency
-
very high frequency
-
very low frequency
-
vibrational frequency
-
vibration frequency
-
video frequency
-
vision frequency
-
visual frequency
-
visual-fusion frequency
-
voice frequency
-
waveguide cutoff frequency
-
window frequency
-
wobble frequency -
123 MC
1. machine check - машинный контроль; автоматический контроль;2. machine committee - комитет по ускорителям;3. magnetic core - магнитный сердечник; на магнитных сердечниках;4. magnetic course - курс по магнитному компасу, магнитный курс;5. main circulator - главный циркуляционный насос;6. main condenser - главный конденсатор (турбины);7. maintenance check - проверка технического состояния;8. maintenance complexity - степень сложности технического обслуживания;9. major component - важный компонент;10. manual chapter - глава руководства;11. manual clock - неавтоматическая синхронизация;12. manual control - ручное управление;13. mapping camera - картографическая фотокамера;14. marginal check - контроль при граничных условиях; профилактический контроль;15. marginal cost - предельные затраты; предельная стоимость;16. marked capacity - номинальная ёмкость; грузоподъёмность; производительность; мощность;17. master clock - главные электрочасы;18. master control - главное управление; центральная аппаратная;19. medico-surgical - медико-хирургический;20. medium capacity - средняя ёмкость; средняя производительность;21. medium-curing - затвердевающий со средней скоростью;22. megacycle - мегагерц; МГц; 106 Гц;23. memory controller - контроллер ЗУ; устройство управления памятью;24. message center - пункт сбора и отправления донесений; узел связи;25. metal clad - металлическая оболочка;26. metal clad switchgear - комплектное распредустройство;27. metric carat - метрический карат;28. microcircuit - интегральная схема; ИС; микросхема;29. military characteristics - тактико-технические характеристики;30. military computer - ЭВМ военного назначения;31. millicurie - милликюри, мКи; 3,7*107 сек -1;32. miniature camera - малоформатный фотоаппарат;33. Minuteman computer - бортовой вычислитель межконтинентальной баллистической ракеты "Минитмен";34. minutes charged - минуты телефонного разговора, подлежащие оплате;35. miscellaneous data - различные данные;36. missile control - управление ракетой;37. mission computer - ЭВМ для решения задач;38. Mitsubishi Corporation - Корпорация Мицубиси;39. moisture content - абсолютная влажность; влагосодержание;40. moisture content - содержание влаги; влажность; влагосодержание;41. monitoring center - центр управления и контроля;42. Morse code - азбука Морзе;43. moving coil - вращающаяся катушка;44. moving coil - подвижная катушка или рамка;45. mud-cut - загрязнённый буровым раствором;46. multichannel voice-frequency telegraphy - многоканальное тональное телеграфирование;47. multiple contact - множественный контакт; запараллеленные контакты -
124 frequency
- bit frequency
- clock frequency
- conversion frequency
- current-amplification cutoff frequency
- cutoff frequency
- formant frequency
- instruction frequency
- master clock frequency
- master frequency
- N-gram frequency
- pulse recurrence frequency
- pulse frequency
- pulse repetition frequency
- reference frequency
- relative frequency
- sampling frequency
- screen frequency
- signal frequency
- sum frequency
- switching frequency
- test frequency
- theoretical frequency
- threshold frequency
- voice frequency
- voice pitch frequency
- zero frequencyEnglish-Russian dictionary of computer science and programming > frequency
-
125 crystal oscillator
= XOслужит в качестве прецизионного источника сигналов генератора тактовых импульсовАнгло-русский толковый словарь терминов и сокращений по ВТ, Интернету и программированию. > crystal oscillator
-
126 MC
I сокр. от
machine checkмашинный контроль; автоматический контрольII сокр. от magnetic core III сокр. от
master clock IV сокр. от
master control V сокр. от
microcircuitмикросхема; интегральная схема, ИСVI сокр. от
miniature camera VII сокр. от
moisture content VIII сокр. от multichannel (voice-frequency telegraphy) -
127 MCG
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mycelial Compatibility Group2) Спорт: Melbourne Cricket Ground3) Военный термин: Magneto Cumulative Generator, Minimum Character Grid, Monitor Control Group, microwave command guidance, midcourse guidance, millimeter-wave contrast guidance, mobile communications group4) Техника: man-computer graphics, master clock generator5) Сельское хозяйство: Main Crop Group6) Сокращение: Master Control Group, mapping, charting and geodesy7) Физиология: Microgram8) Банковское дело: Merchant Category Group (Visa)9) Фирменный знак: Midwest Consulting Group10) Авиационная медицина: myocardiography11) Безопасность: Meta Certificate Group12) Военно-политический термин: Mediterranean Cooperation Group13) Яхтенный спорт: Mast center of gravity (центр тяжести мачты)14) Чат: Moonlight Chat Galaxy15) Аэропорты: McGrath, Alaska USA -
128 mcg
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Mycelial Compatibility Group2) Спорт: Melbourne Cricket Ground3) Военный термин: Magneto Cumulative Generator, Minimum Character Grid, Monitor Control Group, microwave command guidance, midcourse guidance, millimeter-wave contrast guidance, mobile communications group4) Техника: man-computer graphics, master clock generator5) Сельское хозяйство: Main Crop Group6) Сокращение: Master Control Group, mapping, charting and geodesy7) Физиология: Microgram8) Банковское дело: Merchant Category Group (Visa)9) Фирменный знак: Midwest Consulting Group10) Авиационная медицина: myocardiography11) Безопасность: Meta Certificate Group12) Военно-политический термин: Mediterranean Cooperation Group13) Яхтенный спорт: Mast center of gravity (центр тяжести мачты)14) Чат: Moonlight Chat Galaxy15) Аэропорты: McGrath, Alaska USA
См. также в других словарях:
Master clock — (at left) driving several slave clocks. Note third one along at the top from the right is a radio controlled quartz for reference A master clock is a precision clock that provides timing signals to synchronize slave clocks as part of a clock… … Wikipedia
master clock — pagrindinis sinchronizatorius statusas T sritis automatika atitikmenys: angl. master clock; master synchronizer; master timer vok. Haupttaktgeber, m; Zeitgeber, m rus. главный синхронизатор, m pranc. horloge mère, f; horloge principale, f;… … Automatikos terminų žodynas
master clock — pagrindinis laikrodis statusas T sritis Standartizacija ir metrologija apibrėžtis Laikrodis, valdantis kitus, į bendrą sistemą sujungtus laikrodžius. atitikmenys: angl. master clock vok. Taktgeber, m; Zeitgeber, m rus. главные электрочасы, m… … Penkiakalbis aiškinamasis metrologijos terminų žodynas
master-clock — masˈter clock noun One that regulates other clocks electrically • • • Main Entry: ↑master … Useful english dictionary
master clock — main clock used to synchronize all other clocks and devices (Computers) … English contemporary dictionary
master clock — WikiB A signal generator that outputs timecode and reference video for genlocking. May output word clock as well … Audio and video glossary
master clock — noun : a clock that regulates or gives movement especially by electricity to distant clocks … Useful english dictionary
Department of Defense master clock — The Department of Defense master clock is the master clock to which time and frequency measurements for the United States Department of Defense are referenced. The U.S. Naval Observatory master clock is designated as the DOD Master Clock. The U.S … Wikipedia
Master-slave (technology) — Master/slave is a model of communication where one device or process has unidirectional control over one or more other devices. Once a master/slave relationship between devices or processes is established, the direction of control is always from… … Wikipedia
Clock network — A clock network or clock system is a set of clocks designed to always show exactly the same time by communicating with each other. Clock networks usually include a central master clock kept in sync with an official time source, and one or more… … Wikipedia
clock — clock1 /klok/, n. 1. an instrument for measuring and recording time, esp. by mechanical means, usually with hands or changing numbers to indicate the hour and minute: not designed to be worn or carried about. 2. See time clock. 3. a meter or… … Universalium