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21 Williams, Sir Edward Leader
[br]b. 28 April 1828 Worcester, Englandd. 1 June 1910 Altrincham, Cheshire, England[br]English civil engineer, designer and first Chief Engineer of the Manchester Ship Canal.[br]After an apprenticeship with the Severn Navigation, of which his father was Chief Engineer, Williams was engaged as Assistant Engineer on the Great Northern Railway, Resident Engineer at Shoreham Harbour and Engineer to the contractors for the Admiralty Pier at Dover. In 1856 he was appointed Engineer to the River Weaver Trust, and among the improvements he made was the introduction of the Anderton barge lift linking the Weaver and the Trent and Mersey Canal. After rejecting the proposal of a flight of locks he considered that barges might be lifted and lowered by hydraulic means. Various designs were submitted and the final choice fell on one by Edwin Clark that had two troughs counterbalancing each other through pistons. Movement of the troughs was initiated by introducing excess water into the upper trough to lift the lower. The work was carried out by Clark.In 1872 Williams became Engineer to the Bridgewater Navigation, enlarging the locks at Runcorn and introducing steam propulsion on the canal. He later examined the possibility of upgrading the Mersey \& Irwell Navigation to a Ship Canal. In 1882 his proposals to the Provisional Committee of the proposed Manchester Ship Canal were accepted. His scheme was to use the Mersey Channel as far as Eastham and then construct a lock canal from there to Manchester. He was appointed Chief Engineer of the undertaking.The canal's construction was a major engineering work during which Williams overcame many difficulties. He used the principle of the troughs on the Anderton lift as a guide for the construction of the Barton swing aqueduct, which replaced Brindley's original masonry aqueduct on the Bridgewater Canal. The first sod was cut at Eastham on 11 November 1887 and the lower portion of the canal was used for traffic in September 1891. The canal was opened to sea-borne traffic on 1 January 1894 and was formally opened by Queen Victoria on 21 May 1894. In acknowledgement of his work, a knighthood was conferred on him. He continued as Consulting Engineer until ill health forced his retirement.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted. Vice-President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1905–7.JHBBiographical history of technology > Williams, Sir Edward Leader
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pier — /pear/, n. 1. a structure built on posts extending from land out over water, used as a landing place for ships, an entertainment area, a strolling place, etc.; jetty. 2. (in a bridge or the like) a support for the ends of adjacent spans. 3. a… … Universalium
pier — [[t]pɪər[/t]] n. 1) civ a structure built on posts extending from land out over water, used as a landing place for ships, an entertainment area, etc 2) civ (in a bridge or the like) a support for the ends of adjacent spans 3) bui a square pillar… … From formal English to slang
pier — n. 1 a a structure of iron or wood raised on piles and leading out to sea, a lake, etc., used as a promenade and landing stage, and often with entertainment arcades etc. b a breakwater; a mole. 2 a a support of an arch or of the span of a bridge; … Useful english dictionary
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pier — /pɪə / (say pear) noun 1. a structure built out into the water to serve as a landing place for ships, and, sometimes, protect a harbour; a breakwater; jetty. 2. such a structure used as a pleasure promenade. 3. one of the supports of a span of a… …
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