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21 Pratt, Francis Ashbury
[br]b. 15 February 1827 Woodstock, Vermont, USAd. 10 February 1902 Hartford, Connecticut, USA[br]American mechanical engineer and machine-tool manufacturer.[br]Francis A.Pratt served an apprenticeship as a machinist with Warren Aldrich, and on completing it in 1848 he entered the Gloucester Machine Works as a journeyman machinist. From 1852 to 1854 he worked at the Colt Armory in Hartford, Connecticut, where he met his future partner, Amos Whitney. He then became Superintendent of the Phoenix Iron Works, also at Hartford and run by George S.Lincoln \& Company. While there he designed the well-known "Lincoln" miller, which was first produced in 1855. This was a development of the milling machine built by Robbins \& Lawrence and designed by F.W. Howe, and incorporated a screw drive for the table instead of the rack and pinion used in the earlier machine.Whitney also moved to the Phoenix Iron Works, and in 1860 the two men started in a small way doing machine work on their own account. In 1862 they took a third partner, Monroe Stannard, and enlarged their workshop. The business continued to expand, but Pratt and Whitney remained at the Phoenix Iron Works until 1864 and in the following year they built their first new factory. The Pratt \& Whitney Company was incorporated in 1869 with a capital of $350,000, F.A.Pratt being elected President. The firm specialized in making machine tools and tools particularly for the armament industry. In the 1870s Pratt made no less than ten trips to Europe gaining orders for equipping armouries in many different countries. Pratt \& Whitney was one of the leading firms developing the system of interchangeable manufacture which led to the need to establish national standards of measurement. The Rogers-Bond Comparator, developed with the backing of Pratt \& Whitney, played an important part in the establishment of these standards, which formed the basis of the gauges of many various types made by the firm. Pratt remained President of the company until 1898, after which he served as their Consulting Engineer for a short time before retiring from professional life. He was granted a number of patents relating to machine tools. He was a founder member of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers in 1880 and was elected a vice-president in 1881. He was an alderman of the city of Hartford.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsVice-President, American Society of Mechanical Engineers 1881.Further ReadingJ.W.Roe, 1916, English and American Tool Builders, New Haven; reprinted 1926, New York, and 1987, Bradley, 111. (describes the origin and development of the Pratt \& Whitney Company).RTS -
22 Ransome, Robert
SUBJECT AREA: Agricultural and food technology[br]b. 1753 Wells, Norfolk, Englandd. 1830 England[br]English inventor of a self-sharpening ploughshare and all-metal ploughs with interchangeable pans.[br]The son of a Quaker schoolmaster, Ransome served his apprenticeship with a Norfolk iron manufacturer and then went into business on his own in the same town, setting up one of the first brass and iron foundries in East Anglia. At an early stage of his career he was selling into Norfolk and Suffolk, well beyond the boundaries to be expected from a local craftsman. He achieved this through the use of forty-seven agents acting on his behalf. In 1789, with one employee and £200 capital, he transferred to Ipswich, where the company was to remain and where there was easier access to both raw materials and his markets. It was there that he discovered that cooling one part of a metal share during its casting could result in a self-sharpening share, and he patented the process in 1785.Ransome won a number of awards at the early Bath and West shows, a fact which demonstrates the extent of his markets. In 1808 he patented an all-metal plough made up of interchangeable parts, and the following year was making complete ploughs for sale. With interchangeable parts he was able to make composite ploughs suitable for a wide variety of conditions and therefore with potential markets all over the country.In 1815 he was joined by his son James, and at about the same time by William Cubitt. With the expertise of the latter the firm moved into bridge building and millwrighting, and was therefore able to withstand the agricultural depression which began to affect other manufacturers from about 1815. In 1818, under Cubitt's direction, Ransome built the gas-supply system for the town of Ipswich. In 1830 his grandson James Ransome joined the firm, and it was under his influence that the agricultural side was developed. There was a great expansion in the business after 1835.[br]Further ReadingJ.E.Ransome, 1865, Ploughs and Ploughing at the Royal Agricultural College at Cirencester in 1865, in which he outlined the accepted theories of the day.J.B.Passmore, 1930, The English Plough, Reading: University of Reading (provides a history of plough development from the eighth century to the in ter-war period).Ransome's Royal Records 1789–1939, produced by the company; D.R.Grace and D.C.Phillips, 1975, Ransomes of Ipswich, Reading: Institute of Agricultural History, Reading University (both provide information about Ransome in a more general account about the company and its products; Reading University holds the company archives).AP -
23 frequency
- частота периодических колебаний
- частота колебаний
- частота вентиляции
- частота (тока)
- частота (сигнала)
- частота (защита интеллектуальной собственности)
- частота
частота
Указывает на то, сколько раз идентификация производителя, комбинированный логотип или идентификация клиента могут быть представлены на униформе.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]EN
frequency
Number of times an Identification of Manufacturer, Composite Logo or Client Identification may appear on a uniform.
[Департамент лингвистических услуг Оргкомитета «Сочи 2014». Глоссарий терминов]Тематики
EN
частота (сигнала)
Параметр, представляющий собой величину, обратную периоду сигнала.
Скорость, с которой происходит изменение переменного тока и которая измеряется в герцах. Она также служит для обозначения местоположения в радиочастотном спектре, как например 800, 900 или 1800 МГц (ОСТ 45.159-2000.1. Термины и определения (Минсвязи России)).
[ http://www.iks-media.ru/glossary/index.html?glossid=2400324]Тематики
- электросвязь, основные понятия
EN
частота (тока)
—
[Я.Н.Лугинский, М.С.Фези-Жилинская, Ю.С.Кабиров. Англо-русский словарь по электротехнике и электроэнергетике, Москва, 1999 г.]Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
EN
частота вентиляции
Число дыхательных циклов за одну минуту.
Обозначение
f
[ ГОСТ Р 52423-2005]Тематики
- ингаляц. анестезия, искусств. вентиляц. легких
EN
DE
FR
частота колебаний
(f[v])
Величина, обратная периоду колебаний.
[ ГОСТ 7601-78]
частота колебаний
Число колебаний в единицу времени
[Терминологический словарь по строительству на 12 языках (ВНИИИС Госстроя СССР)]
частота колебаний
частота
Количество периодов (циклов) колебаний в единицу времени (обычно в секунду).
Единица измерения
Гц (Герц)
1 Гц - 1 период в секунду, 1 кГц - 1000 периодов в секунду, 1 МГц - 1000000 периодов в секунду
[BS EN 1330-4:2000. Non-destructive testing - Terminology - Part 4: Terms used in ultrasonic testing]
[Система неразрушающего контроля. Виды (методы) и технология неразрушающего контроля. Термины и определения (справочное пособие). Москва 2003 г.]Тематики
- науки технические другие
- оптика, оптические приборы и измерения
Синонимы
EN
DE
FR
частота периодических колебаний
Число периодов колебаний в единицу времени.
[Сборник рекомендуемых терминов. Выпуск 106. Механические колебания. Академия наук СССР. Комитет научно-технической терминологии. 1987 г.]Тематики
Обобщающие термины
EN
DE
FR
3.5 частота (frequency): Число наступлений события данного типа или число наблюдений, попавших в данный класс.
[ ГОСТ Р 50779.10, ст. 2.11].
3.4.3 частота (frequency): Число повторений периодической функцией одинаковой последовательности значений в единицу измерения.
Источник: ГОСТ Р 54147-2010: Стратегический и инновационный менеджмент. Термины и определения оригинал документа
Англо-русский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > frequency
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
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